Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Contd
The duties of the leader are :
(i) to place the leader in line with the ranging rod or pole
at the forward station,
(ii) to call out instructions to the leader,
(iii) always to carry the rear handle in his hand and not to
allow it to drag on the ground and
(iv) to pick up the arrows inserted by the leader.
Direct
Indirect
METHOD I
METHOD II
(HYPOTENUSAL ALLOWANCE)
METHOD III
Where,
AREA
VOLUME
NOTE:
If the chain is too long, the measured length of a line is too short, i.e. less than its true
length. Consequently, the error is negative and the correction is positive. (and Vice
Versa)
. . . . . (approx)
0.00015
1
cos
. . . . . (approx)
. . . . . (exact)
ERRORS IN CHAINING
Can be classified as:
COMPENSATING ERRORS
Which are liable to occur in either direction and hence tend to
compensate i.e. they are not likely to make the apparent result too large
or too small.
CUMULATIVE ERRORS
Which occur in the same direction and tend to add up or accumulate i.e.
either to make the apparent measurement always too long or too short.
ANY QUERIES
thank you . . . !