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Design Paper: Site Configuration - Iub Dimensioning

SITE CONFIGURATION
Iub Dimensioning
1.

SCOPE

The purpose of the Site Configuration process is to derive the Node-B configuration required to meet the
Target QoS, Coverage and Traffic requirements.

ATM backbone

The Node-B configuration is defined in terms of:

R99 user plane,


HSPA Stream. user plane,
ctrl plane, NB O&M

Number of Sectors

Number of Carriers

Number of CEM Boards

Number of Interfaces (Iub)

Radio Features

RNC
Node B

IP backbone
HSPA Int./Back.
user plane

This Design Paper addresses the Iub Interface dimensioning performed for the purpose of Preliminary
Network Design. It covers the case Iub is based on ATM, on IP and the case hybrid Iub.

The Iub dimensioning process is described assuming all the bandwidth is shared to support the different
traffic types. In case Iub physical configuration is different, the same process applies with traffic flows
separated on several physical containers which are called Iub pools.

2.

INTRODUCTION

The Iub interface plays a major role in the UTRAN since it interconnects RNCs to Node-Bs. The
dimensioning of which strongly impacts the transmission network size and topology.
The Iub interface dimensioning consists of determining for each Node-B of the Network:

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The ATM bandwidth to be supported by the interface

The VP/VC configuration to be applied

The number of E1 links

The IP bandwidth to be supported.

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Reference

Design Paper - Site Configuration - Iub - ed16.doc 3DC 21151 0010 TQZZA

Date

Edition

Page

12/2009

Ed 16

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Design Paper: Site Configuration - Iub Dimensioning

3.

VP/VC CONFIGURATION

As illustrated in Figure 1, It is recommended to aggregate all the Node-B traffic into one physical path to
allow better bandwidth sharing between the different physical links.
A VP encapsulates several VCs (Virtual Channel) for User Traffic, signalling and O&M.
It is recommended to configure Iub VPC with rtVBR service category.

Vcc OAM

Vcc
Vc HSDPA
Vc UP DS
Vc UP NDS
Vc CP
Vc CCPn

Vpu
Vpu

Vcc OAM

Vcc OAM

Vcc OAM

Vcc OAM

Vc HSDPA
Vc UP DS
Vc UP NDS
Vc CP

Vc

Vpv

Vpv

RNC SDH

CCPn

POC

Figure 1: VP/VC configuration between Node-B and RNC with IMA


The different Vcc configurations are summarized in the table below:
VCC
name

#VCCs

VCC service
category

Flow type

QoS

Mapping of bearer

UP DS

1/IMA gr.

rtVBR

User plane delay sensitive

Conv+Str bearers + SRB

UP NDS

1/IMA gr.

nrtVBR

User plane non delay sensitive

I/B R99 bearers

HSxPA

1/NodeB

UBR

HSUPA UL/ HSDPA DL

I/B HSxPA bearers

CP

1/NodeB

rtVBR

NBAP-c

NA

NA

CCP

1/CEM

rtVBR

NBAP-d

NA

NA

OaM

1/NodeB

UBR

OaM

NA

NA

Tableau 1: Description of Vcc configuration


Requirements/assumptions:
Since UA4.2, IMA is recommended for HSDPA support.

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Design Paper - Site Configuration - Iub - ed16.doc 3DC 21151 0010 TQZZA

Date

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Design Paper: Site Configuration - Iub Dimensioning

For particular operator needs, Multi PCM without IMA is also supported.
The maximum number of E1/T1 lines supported per NodeB is 8.
From Iub physical configuration depends the way the traffic is shared across the different E1/T1 links:

IMA (1 group)

IMA (2 groups)

IMA + multi PCM

Multi PCM

4.

HYBRID IUB

Hybrid Iub means support of hybrid ATM / IP transport on Iub interface:


o

ATM being used for control plane (NBAP, ALCAP), Node B O&M and R99 user plane. ATM also
carries HSDPA streaming and SRB on HSPA. ATM could carry part of the E-DCH traffic.

IP being used for HSDPA and HSUPA user plane traffic with interactive/background traffic class.

Up to UA5, the Macro BTS (or iBTS) supports ATM transport only and the support of Hybrid ATM / IP
transport is supported from UA6. Hybrid Iub requires a software upgrade and the introduction of the xCCM
module in the Macro BTS (it is not supported by iCCM module).
With hybrid Iub the maximum number of E1/T1 lines supported is 8 An Ethernet link is available to support
the traffic carried on IP.
The xCCM is made of a new daughter board called MDA which supports 4E1/T1 links. The maximum IP
bandwidth is 45 Mbps shared between UL and DL. With the eCCM available from UA07 it is possible to
reach up to 450Mbps IP bandwidth with the introduction of the Gigabit Ethernet MDA (in this case 4 E1/T1
links are supported).
From UA07, a full IP Iub configuration is supported.

5.

IUB DIMENSIONING PROCESS DESCRIPTION

Iub dimensioning consists of calculating the number of Iub links required per NodeB. The calculation takes
into account both UL and DL traffic. Dimensioning is based on the amount of data in one of both directions
(DL or UL) which is the most important.
Method:
From the inputs is derived an average UMTS applicative traffic. By adding all overheads (headers, BLER,
diversity, signalling and OAM) an average traffic is obtained.
In the busy hour, the ATM traffic faces some peaks beyond this average value, because of the statistical call
arrivals. These peaks are taken into account inside an engineering margin (see section 7), which is defined
according to the traffic characteristics and QoS objectives.

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Design Paper - Site Configuration - Iub - ed16.doc 3DC 21151 0010 TQZZA

Date

Edition

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Design Paper: Site Configuration - Iub Dimensioning

This is illustrated by the next figure.

Figure 2: ATM traffic and link capacity

6.

REQUIRED BANDWIDTH CALCULATION

This section describes how to calculate the average traffic of the NodeB.
Iub traffic main

Iub dimensioning takes into account 3 types of flows:


Main traffic: traffic without diversity

Iub diversity traffic

Diversity traffic: traffic linked to macro diversity

OaM & signalling (NBAP, RRC, NAS, FP)

OaM+signalling
Iub

Since DL is in most of the cases the most constraining direction, next phases are described taking into
account the DL traffic. UL traffic is considered exactly the same way, HSDPA traffic is replaced by HSUPA
traffic.
The figure below summarizes how the different flows carried on Iub are calculated according to the main
traffic.
+31%

HSDPA traffic
at RLC layer

Main traffic

Protocol
headers+
BLER

Non HSDPA DL
traffic at RLC
layer

NodeB
average DL
traffic at
ATM layer

Diversity traffic

%SHO_Iub
%Sig_OaM

Sig&OaM

Figure 3 : Iub average traffic

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Design Paper - Site Configuration - Iub - ed16.doc 3DC 21151 0010 TQZZA

Date

Edition

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Design Paper: Site Configuration - Iub Dimensioning

6.1

Main traffic

The user application throughput is derived from the traffic model for DCH, HSDPA, and/or mixed
DCH+HSDPA traffic. Headers and radio retransmission need to be taken into account to dimension Iub
links at physical layer: ATM or IP/Ethernet.
IP Stack
ATM Stack

Iub FP
IuBFP

Iub FP
IuBFP
UDP

17%*

IP
IP

AAL2
AAL2

ETHERNET
ETHERNET

ATM
ATM

40%*

*: The overhead depends on the type of service used

Figure 4: Iub headers+retransmissions


With HSDPA the user traffic is split into HSDPA and non HSDPA flows.
Protocol headers and BLER for non HSDPA flow
The table below shows the overheads calculated for different services on the Uplink and Downlink. The
overhead over ATM is given first then over IP. The aggregate traffic mix overhead depends on the traffic mix
nature.
Service

Speech

CS 64

PS 64

PS 128

PS 384

HsxPA

Iub Overhead in UL 63%/185% 27%/33% 32%/38% 29%/22% 29%/16% 29%/18%


Iub Overhead in DL 55%/179% 25%/32% 31%/37% 29%/21% 28%/16% 31%/18%

Protocol header and BLER for HSDPA flow


For HSDPA, a typical protocol header between UMTS application layer (above RLC) and ATM is around
31% (29% for HSUPA). Over IP it is only 18% (the same for HSUPA).
HSDPA RLC BLER can be neglected, because the HARQ mechanism in the NodeB retransmits all the
erroneous MAChs frames.

6.2

Diversity traffic

The diversity traffic is determined thanks to SHO parameters. On the Iub, the Softer Handoff part is
removed. Note that the HSDPA bearer is not in macro-diversity contrary to HSUPA.

6.3

Signalling and OAM

The signalling traffic is determined according to the signalling profile. With HSDPA, the NBAP and RRC DL
traffic are slightly increased because of the addition of new fields in signalling messages and because of
new procedures (eg. RL reconfiguration messages linked to the HSDPA mobility). In DL, the amount of
HSDPA flow control messages (Capacity Request sent by the RNC to ask radio credits) is negligible because

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Design Paper - Site Configuration - Iub - ed16.doc 3DC 21151 0010 TQZZA

Date

Edition

Page

12/2009

Ed 16

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Design Paper: Site Configuration - Iub Dimensioning

the NodeB allocates continuous credits to the RNC (Capacity Allocation), and the RNC is not allowed to ask
for more credits.
The OAM traffic is not linked to the subscribers behaviour but to operations: software download,
performance management, fault management.
It is assumed that no software download takes place during the busy hour. Performance management and
fault management generate mainly UL traffic. Therefore OAM DL flow during the busy hour is considered
as negligible compared to signalling.
The signalling traffic corresponds typically to 5% of the user main traffic
Iub_Sig_OaM = Iub_traffic_main *%Sig_OaM
Where : %Sig_OaM = 5%

7.

NODEB LINKS DIMENSIONING

Engineering margin
Iub links are dimensioned with an engineering margin in order to take into account statistical call arrivals
and QoS requirements. An engineering margin of x% means that a link can be loaded on average at up to
1-x% of its capacity. Without QoS constraint (no delay, blocking,...) a link can be loaded at 100%.
Link dimensioning (with or without HSDPA) is based on a simplified formula of Erlang for multi-services
(used for the calculation of the engineering margin).
Iub design with HSDPA
Because HSDPA traffic has a variable bit rate, different data rates are considered with a distribution of these
data rates which depends on radio conditions. Engineering margin is calculated the same way as for non
HSDPA data flow by considering an average guaranteed throughput for HSDPA users (eg. 0.6Mbit/s).
In addition, the HSDPA flow is mapped on a lower ATM emission priority compared to DS or NDS, in order
not to affect the non HSDPA flows.
With Alcatel-Lucent implementation it is possible to provision only 1 E1 link with HSDPA. Indeed, the
management of ATM priorities and the efficient management of Iub congestion (feature Iub bandwidth
limitation) tolerates huge HSDPA burst in a small Iub bandwidth, with a protection of the DS flows and an
optimization of the Iub bandwidth.
But to be able to support HSDPA UE cat6 (3.4Mbit/s above RLC) operating in good radio conditions it is
recommended, from a design point of view, to provision at least 2 E1 with IMA.
Max user throughput with 2 E1= 3.8 /(1+30%) = 2.9Mbits/s (Capacity of 2 E1 = 2x1.92Mbit/s and
%headers = 30%)
With the migration to IP, it is recommended that HSDPA and optionally HSUPA traffic are carried over IP.

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Reference

Design Paper - Site Configuration - Iub - ed16.doc 3DC 21151 0010 TQZZA

Date

Edition

Page

12/2009

Ed 16

All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorisation.

Design Paper: Site Configuration - Iub Dimensioning

8.

CONCLUSION

The goal of Iub dimensioning is to derive the physical bandwidth to be supported, the VP/VC
configuration to be applied as well as the number of needed E1s per site.
Iub dimensioning process assumes VP configuration for DCH and HSxPA is fixed.
Overheads on the Iub are computed according to the traffic mix and traffic volumes. They depend on the
physical interface (ATM or IP).
With Hybrid Iub supported from UA06 it is possible to consume less E1/T1 lines.

The

recommendation is to move the HSPA traffic over Ethernet while delay sensitive R99 and
signalling traffic is still carried over ATM.

Related Documents

Design Paper Traffic Modelling in UMTS

Design Paper Overview of HSDPA Performances

Design Paper Impact of HSDPA on Network Design

Design Paper Interfaces overhead over ATM

Design Paper Interfaces overhead over IP

End of DOCUMENT

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Design Paper - Site Configuration - Iub - ed16.doc 3DC 21151 0010 TQZZA

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Edition

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