Sanitation Masterplan Gili Balu

5.
5 SANITATION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

Proper waste management is vital for maintaining the environmental
integrity of the Gili Balu area. Untreated waste will be highly detrimental
particularly to the marine eco-system in the area The goals for Gili Balu
EcoRegion
integrated sanitation and solid waste strategy are:
X
Greywater treatment for reuse as domestic irrigation water source
Blackwater minimization,
landscapes
treatment
and
safe
integration
into
Phased evolution to a modern waste management platform for

waste recovery and recycling
Phasing out and eventual elimination of landfill and open burning of
waste as disposal options
The re-use of on-site water sources grey and blackwater shall result in
a sustainable wastewater management program. Innovative solutions in
treating and reusing wastewater improves sanitation and redefines a
waste product as a valuable resource.
The sanitation strategy is a comprehensive design solution that requires
specialist knowledge of low-tech yet cutting edge, integrated, and
contextually appropriate solutions. As waste flows increase additional
technologies may be added.
5.5 SANITATION & WASTE STRATEGY

MASTERPLAN EIGHT ISLANDS
ECO REGIONS INDONESIA
2015
>1
Goals Overall: Create a Holistic Sanitation Strategy
SANITATION AND WASTE
SOLID WASTE RECOVERY PROGRAM FOR ECOREGION

Source separation of recyclable materials followed by waste depot sorting,
with export by IBCM to Surabaya for reprocessing
Toxic and hazardous materials stored safely and exported for reprocessing
Organic materials processed using modern composting processes with a JV
partnership to be used in revegetation projects
INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN: A THREE TIERED STRATEGY
Solid waste
Blackwater Greywater

2015
>2
Wastewater
MAINLAND WEST SUMBAWA WASTEWATER STRATEGY
Larger settlements with concentrated populations suitable for centralized

blackwater collection and primary anaerobic treatment, followed by
transport to secondary treatment and disposal irrigation in timber and fuel
wood plots
Isolated settlements using sealed septic tanks and vegetated leachfields
Tourist facilities to use septic or modified Asian style (wet) composting

toilets
Onsite reuse of greywater in wastewater homegardens for shade and fruit,

or irrigation of woodlots
GILI BALU WASTEWATER STRATEGY
As for Isolated settlements on the mainland or

Alternative systems proposed to be mixed based upon specific enclave
needs
Centralized (vacuum sewage) for boats
Specially designed water based independent (septic tank)
Dry system independent (Terra Preta / Compost Toilet )

2015
>3
Solid waste
REGIONAL SOLID WASTE STRATEGY METHODS AND SUGGESTIONS

Source separation of waste streams
Toxic and hazardous waste
Separate rubbish bins provided for

organic, rubbish and recyclables with
community education targeting youth
and employees as ambassadors of
change
Greywater types separated at source
and diverted to different treatments
Blackwater
minimised
and treated
anaerobically to reduce TDS and
pathogen load
All wastewater treated prior to discharge
through
appropriate
filter
beds
May include but not limited to;

Chemicals, used engine oils and
petrochemicals
and
used
drums,
batteries, medical waste, white goods
and refrigerants, e-waste, tyres, asbestos
To be collected and stored securely by
staff trained in safe handling
Some materials may be processed
economically on site at later date using
clean incineration
Materials exported for reprocessing,
where possible seeking cost recovery
measures
Sorting and processing for export
Organic wastes
Recyclable glass, metals, plastics sorted,

compressed and stockpiled
Future technologies entering the market
now show waste plastics and rubber can
be converted to liquid transport fuels
Exported by sea in IBCM shipping
containers
for
cost
recovery
to
reprocessing
facilities
in
Surabaya
There are three systems proposed to be

mixed based upon specific enclave needs:
Thermocomposting hot compost

method
Modern Pyrolysis to biochar, or
complete gasification
Mulching, vermicomposting, silage and
slow decomposition

2015
>4
Solid waste
ISLAND SANITATION STRATEGY METHODS AND SUGGESTIONS
Wastewater source separated according to
treatment needs and end use
Greywater types separated at source
and diverted to different treatments and
use via separate plumbing
Blackwater
minimised
and treated
anaerobically to reduce TDS and
pathogen load
All wastewater treated prior to discharge
through appropriate filter beds
Blackwater treatment Strategy
Anaerobic fermentation process begins
within modern fully sealed septic tanks
Effluent discharged through planted
evapotranspiration leach fields to remove
nutrients .
Greywater Liquids Use Strategy

Greywater separated at source into
Laundry, Kitchen, Shower. Grey water
may not be stored longer than 12 hours
or used on vegetable crops for sale or
supply.
Laundry water may be discharged into
specially planted wastewater gardens.
Kitchen water may be discharged to
garden beds after simple treatment
through a coarse sand filter box
Shower water may be discharged
directly
to
approved
wastewater
gardens
Toilet sanitation for remote and sensitive
sites
Three systems are proposed to be mixed
based upon specific enclave needs:
Centralized (vacuum sewerage)
Specially
designed
water
based
independent (septic tank)
Dry system independent (Terra Preta /
Compost Toilet / no water necessary)

2015
>5
Overall Goals: Create a Holistic Sanitation Strategy
PDAM
Freshwater
source (non
potable)
Other water
sources
Option A: isolated
individual
households
Vegetated
leachfield
disposal
Communal
or individual
sewage
piping
Anaerobic
sealed septic
tank
Blackwater
effluent
Domestic
plumbing
blackwater
Domestic
plumbing
greywater
Piped mains
water
Diversion
option
Shower water
Option B: Dense
settlements
Irrigation of woodlots
managed by body
corporate
Communal
anaerobic
pretreatment
Kitchen
wastewater
Household
Wastewater gardens
Secondary
treatment
Coarse
sand
Filter
Effluent
tanks
Sealed
sewage
tanker truck
Note: greywater waste from larger public complexes such as hotels shall be handled individually; thus, shall not contribute to wastewater calculations

2015
>6
Water schematic: From Source to Application
Water Schematic: Resource Treatment Storage Application
SOURCE
TREATMENT
Roof Rainwater
Inline ceramic and

carbon filters
STORAGE
Above ground and
underground Tanks
Sea Water
Solar Thermal
Desalination
Large tanks on ridges
PDAM reservoir
Slow sand filter and

inline filter
Mains water for large

settlements
Reverse Osmosis
Desalination
Pressurised mains for

large settlements
Sea Water
APPLICATION
Drinking Water
Localized Stormwater
Runoff
Bioswales, Sand filter,

Ozonation
Buried cisterns
Primary: Enclave Swimming Pool

Excess: Infiltration, Sea Outflow
Greywater
Coarse Sand filter,

Wastewater gardens
No storage, direct use

only
Irrigation
Blackwater
Anaerobic sealed
septic tanks
Discharge through
planted leachfields to
remove nutrients
Landscape trees and woodlots
Note: greywater waste from larger public complexes such as hotels shall be handled individually; thus, shall not contribute to wastewater calculations

2015
>7
Goal 1: Sourcing for irrigation
Rain event occurs

PRIVATE AREA Housing or Buildings
Rain event occurs
PUBLIC AREA Communal Area
VARIOUS
TREATMENT
MODELS:
onsite and
offsite
WASTEWATER IS
GENERATED
FROM USE
WITHIN
BUILDINGS /
PRIVATE PLOTS
APPLICATION:
Irrigation
CONSTRUCTED WETLAND, FILTERS AND
OTHER SECONDARY TREATMENT:
Greywater / Blackwater Treatment
WASTEWATER:
Sanitary plumbing
for Greywater and
Blackwater
7.5 SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES

2015
>8
Grey/blackwater liquids
Defining Irrigation Water Source

General use of treated greywater
(shower, laundry, kitchen water) and
treated or untreated stormwater that
have been cleansed within enclave.
Effluent from blackwater purified through
Constructed Wetlands, Filtered and
Cleared of Solids/Harmful bacteria may
be used to irrigate specific areas
The value of this resource is its constant
availability as it is independent of local
weather conditions (ie rain) and relies
only upon visitor frequency
Process
Wastewater from buildings conveyed
through multiple plumbing lines to
treatment methods matching its level
and form of contamination
Dependent on slope, residential density

and location, the majority of wastewater
by volume will be treated on site with no
discharge of untreated effluent allowed
except to communal sewage lines
Where density or location make
treatment and disposal onsite impossible,
provisions must be made to transport
effluent to a suitable treatment area.
Greywater must not be stored longer
than 12 hours or else bacterial
populations bloom and it becomes
blackwater. A surge tank may be fitted
but no storage of untreated greywater is
permitted
Subsequent
filters
for
cleansing,
disinfection, solid filtration to be applied
as required
Irrigation systems to use branched drain
method due to its robust features with
low rate of failure and low maintenance
needs

2015
>9
Grey/blackwater liquid: Irrigation

GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR IRRIGATION USING GREYWATER
Drip irrigation is not to be used with greywater due to the higher TDS as it will
clog
Irrigation to be discharged to subsurface (min 200mm) or topped with dry
gravel or mulch
Select plants that respond to high volumes of water but can survive periods
with no input
Drip Irrigation: highly efficient but

inappropriate for use with greywater
Greywater is to be used immediately after use (no longer than 12 hours)

Use low sodium and low phosphorus biodegradable soaps
Calculate volume of discharge to 25-40mm/ week 25~ 40m2/m3/week

Plant species
Height (m)
Uses
Banana
2-15
Fruit, mulch
Citrus
2-8
Fruit
Fruit
Fig
Bamboo
2-15
Drip Irrigation: the small

holes easily clog with
suspended sediments
Construction, craft,
tools, mulch
Elephant grass
Mulch, fodder
Vetiver grass
Mulch, thatch

2015
> 10
Grey/blackwater liquids: Cleansing and treatment
OPTIONS FOR TREATMENT IN WASTEWATER GARDENS:

Though names may differ, the treatment train process for cleansing water seeks to replicate
the natural processes of stormwater percolating through soils, forest and wetlands with such
uses as:
Treating runoff from hardscapes such as roads or plazas
Purifying the effluent from agriculture, fishing, or farming
Offering habitats for animals and plants to revitalize the wildlife population and
biodiversity
Recharging surface aquifers
The systems chosen to treat each wastewater type must match the needs in treating that
wastewater type and be low maintenance and robust
Relatively clean water from stormwater and shower water can be discharged to simple
infiltration
Kitchen and laundry water requires additional filtration in sealed systems before
discharge to landscape
Blackwater must be treated to a high level using sealed systems before careful disposal
Because of the dangers and nuisances of mosquito breeding habitat in the tropics irrigation
of wastewater gardens should be subsurface
Mosquitos require surface water to breed so a dry layer of at least 50mm must be
maintained at all times
Discharge points are ideally 200mm below the surface into a thick mulch layer over
porous soils
Coarse organic material has a high carbon content and supports a microbial population
that quickly removes nutrients and degrades pollutants
Woodchip mulch and charcoal absorb phosphates, nitrates and the microbes degrade
organic pollutants while feeding directly on disease causing bacteria
Over time this organic layer breaks down and is converted to rich humus. It is topped
up from above however periodic maintenance involves removing this layer for use in
reforestation zones and replacing with a new layer. This may be every 6-24 months
This type of system is constantly renewable and can continue to operate at high
efficiency. In contrast to regular artificial wetlands and planter boxes that show high
early absorbtion but lose efficiency over time as they become saturated with nutrients
Fibreglass gravel filled Biobox wastewater gardens are an

easy way to landscape and treat wastewater. They can be
made locally
Larger scale wastewater gardens become part of the

landscape
VSFW: good oxygen transfer capability, nitrification

2015
> 11
Greywater: Cleansing and treatment
Branched drain disposal is a low tech robust system for individual plots on slopes
>3% where wastewater can be disposed of downhill
To be installed by trained local contractors under supervision using a mix of local
and imported components
http://oasisdesign.net/greywater/brancheddrain/
http://www.mylivinglandscape.com/#!water-management/co8k

2015
> 12
WASTEWATER GARDEN EXAMPLES: For larger facilities
Select regionally appropriate vegetation suited for climate of Indonesia
Wastewater gardens do not have to be large
Vegetation can lower ambient micro-climate temperature of buildings
Aesthetic appeal of vegetation increases acceptability for

greywater / terrace treatment

2015
> 13
CLEANSING AND TREATMENT: BUILT EXAMPLE OF CONSTRUCTED WETLAND FOR LARGER AREAS
Cleansing Biotope System Schematic: Bishan Ang Mo Kio Park, from Atelier Dreiseitl
example shows process of constructed wetland cleansing

2015
> 14
Stormwater: Cleansing and treatment
CLEANSING AND TREATMENT OF STORMWATER WITHIN TERRACES:

Front Wall: Natural stone, battered; set on
retaining wall foundation
Cleansing biotope: small grass and trees;
minimum 10 cm water retention depth
Topsoil: Compost Rejuvenated Soil
Storage: polyethylene (PE) tank; perforated top

with filter; set on gravel base and compacted
sub-grade
Width: minimum 1 m; average 1.5-3 m
Terrace to Terrace
Height: minimum 10
cm; average 20-50 cm
Top of Soil to Top of

Wall: 10-30 cm
Top of Tank to Top of
Soil: minimum 50 cm
Detailed view of Terrace Wall
Tank: Size to be
determined based on
location
Flow: one-side perforated
pipe set on gravel base above
sub-grade; pipe to connect
system of terrace storage
units

2015
> 15
Stormwater: Cleansing and treatment

CLEANSING AND TREATMENT OF STORMWATER WITHIN SWALES:
Swales infiltrate stormwater by slowing

its runoff and allowing more time to
soak into the soil
Swales can be created using

machinery or by hand , at
intervals on landscape
contours
Swales mounds are always

replanted immediately
with seeds to provide
ground cover and trees
are planted downhill
Width: minimum 1 m; average 1.5-3 m
Water is slowed down so it is both cleansed and

used to regreen the landscape

2015
> 16
Goal 2: Blackwater
Water Schematic: Irrigation Source
SOURCE
TREATMENT
STORAGE
APPLICATION
Roof Rainwater
Solid and UV Filters
Cisterns, Under Plots
Sea Water
Solar Desalination
Cisterns, Under Solar

Desal Field
Sea Water, Ground

Water (Emergency)
Desalination
Cisterns, Within
Fountain House
Localized Stormwater
Runoff
Solids-Heavy MetalsUV Filters
Cisterns, Within
Enclaves
Primary: Enclave Swimming Pool

Excess: Infiltration, Sea Outflow
Greywater /
Blackwater Liquids
Constructed Wetland
and UV Filter
Cisterns, Under
Constructed Wetlands
Irrigation
Blackwater Solids
Anaerobic sealed
septic tanks
Discharge through
planted leachfields to
remove nutrients
Landscape trees and woodlots
Drinking Water

2015
> 17
Blackwater
The current situation

In most parts of the Gili Balu EcoRegion there are no safe sanitary options.
Open defecation is common
Where toilets exist they are insufficient capacity to service the community
There is no treatment process as disposal is primarily a pour-flush latrine to a
rubble pit where water discharges untreated to the groundwater
These systems fail easily and contaminate soils and groundwater leading to
damage to coastal environments
Process
Modern septic systems that treat all blackwater before safe disposal
Sealed anaerobic digestion reduces solids and nutrients
They have a lower failure rate and long lifespan
Only 3 pour-flush latrine units

service 800 people in Poto Tano.
Application
Development zones and tourism sites must follow planning permissions for
approved toilets and communities engaged with technology transfer and
education.
Nutrients cause algal blooms which cover coral
Latrines pollute groundwater which moves towards

the coast
The Pour-flush Latrine system while

better than open defecation is
insufficient to protect the environment
and human health

2015
> 18
Blackwater: Sewage treatment

Three sewage options offered to provide variety in the developments
The options need to fit within the type of development
A mix of options allows for both socially accepted practices to mix
with more unconventional systems
Should educate visitors on alternative toilet and sanitation
advantages and benefits
In the end, all solid sewage is treated to high standards before sanitary
disposal. Blackwater is only domestic and hospitality wastes, it
excludes all industrial wastes.
OPTION A:
Independent Dry Systems or modified Asia
compatible wet composting design (Composting
Toilet)
Minimized use of water
Urine diversion toilets within the house or
composting toilet for those not wanting to
separate
Hygienic and maintainable
Solution for independent, self-sustaining
household
Many modern designs including foam flushing
OPTION A: Independent Dry Systems (Composting Toilet)
OPTION B:
Conventional (Combined or Vacuum
Sewerage)
Collects all sewage
Combine with other system for effective
and sustainable treatment
Requires complex maintenance
For specific site, complicated installation

foreseen due to terrain and slope
For Marine live-aboard unloaded at port
OPTION B: Conventional Sewerage
OPTION C:
Independent Water Based (Septic Tank/AUF)
The most common and affordable
application
Septic tanks digest and sanitise waste
Clarified effluent discharged through
planted leachfields
A low maintenance and robust method in
use and approved in the west for over
100 years
Suitable for most land situations in Gili Balu
EcoRegion
OPTION C: Independent Water Based (Septic Tank/AUF)

2015
> 19
Blackwater: Effluent disposal (isolated systems)
Disposal methods for treated effluent

The standard method of treated effluent disposal is the vegetated leachfield where soil
process and fibrous plant roots complete the treatment process
Low maintenance with annual inspections by authorities to ensure correct function. In
use and approved in developed countries for over 100 years. Correctly designed
systems are still considered a preferred system for onsite wastewater disposal
Compost toilet waste is very low risk but is still disposed of by burial in 200mm trenches
backfilled with topsoil near trees
Communal sewage systems follow a similar process but centralized and larger scale
Modern safe leachfield design, longlasting. Later
covered in grass or planted with ornamental plants
Leachfield design:
Buried modular systems with capacity for
household
After anaerobic treatment the effluent is
discharged to a leachfield where soil,
mulch and plant root processes complete
treatment
Much of the water is evapotranspired by

vegetation
Basic schematic for Septic with leachfield disposal
Vegetation:
increased efficiency
Plants with fibrous roots that do not clog
pipes are used to plant leachfields
Nutrient and water is removed by
harvesting vegetation to be used as
mulch, fuel or compost
Flowers, palms and fruit trees such as
citrus, and large grasses like bamboo are
very effective.
Communal treatment system for 18 homes

using vetiver
Design flexibility:
Leachfields integrated into landscaping
Simple modern components allow
leachfield placement to complement
landscape design by supporting
functional plantings
Leachfield placement and vegetation
acts as Privacy screens, windbreaks,
grassed areas and flowerbeds
Leachfield design is flexible to landscape forms and

garden plans

2015
> 20
Blackwater: Effluent disposal (communal systems)
Centralized collection, removal and treatment

In higher density settlements where land is not available for on site wastewater
treatment and disposal
Waste is collected using a centralized system of pipes and securely held in large sealed
tanks at one end of the village
This system also applies for liveaboard boats to offload their waste for a fee
Organised sewage piping for blackwater to

central tanks
Water from the toilet at each house travels
along pipes
Sewage Pipes installed underground
through the village leading to a central
collection tank
Greywater can be diverted to gardens or
to blackwater system
First stage Anaerobic treatment

The sealed communal septic tanks give
primary treatment to the raw sewage
Modern septic systems can handle
inputs of paper and other
biodegradable materials
The first stage reduces the total solids
and produces a clarified effluent for
secondary treatment
Relocation to secondary treatment area

A pump truck periodically removes
effluent and transports to outlying area
where it undergoes secondary and
tertiary treatments
Secondary Treatments may include
dewatering of sludge, filtration of non
biodegradable materials, further
anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion
Tertiary treatments include sludge
composting, sludge cake incineration,
algal ponds, irrigation of woodlots for
timber and fuel

2015
> 21
Waste management
CURRENT ISSUES
Domestic waste open burning of wastes creates poor air quality
Gold mining tailings and chemical dumping (mercury waste)
Animal husbandry manures and slaughter wastes from cow market

and abattoirs unused
Transport industry sewage, oil and rubbish from marine vessels. Reports of
dumping of ferry used oil into shipping lanes
Fishing industry - Nets and ropes from defunct pearl farms destroying coral
Burning of rubbish creates a toxic plume of
smoke that causes community illness
Oil spills from the local harbour kill mangrove

habitats
Illegal gold mining in the area contaminates fisheries with mercury which causes birth defects, mental
retardation and cancer

2015
> 22
Goal 3: Centralized and decentralized waste plan
PHASED EVOLUTION TO A MODERN WASTE MANAGEMENT PLATFORM

Government supported EcoRegion wide strategic plan for the EcoRegion to maintain its
appeal ,wastes must be managed carefully in a coordinated manner.
Strategic interventions
Enactment of strict regency environmental laws governing planning and business
activity
Education and encouragement of safe onsite waste disposal (composting)
Central collection points for reprocessing recyclable materials
Enforce environmental laws to eliminate dumping, contamination and unsafe disposal
(burning)
Source separation of recyclable materials standard in planning regulations
Scope
Seek infrastructure funding for construction of a modern waste management facility
operating by cost recovery and generating local employment
Businesses required to cooperate in waste management plan
Cost recovery businesses run by the community

2015
> 23
Goal 4: Elimination of landfill
Landfill is unsustainable and leaves problems for future generations

Landfill is associated with numerous environmental problems including
Toxic leachate, methane emissions, subsiding land, and a throw away culture
A new policy of phasing out landfill is needed with focus on
Transition to full waste recovery
Composting
Clean incineration and biochar
Conversion to reusable product or export as commodity
Eliminating unrecyclable and toxic materials from use in the EcoRegion
Environmental education
Steps to change
Developing ecoregional development guidelines for all new businesses and
developments
Public awareness campaign
Developing local government and private partnerships to create sustainable
business out of waste streams
Sorted waste becomes a commodity for the waste

recovery industry
Outcomes real and potential

Generating new jobs
Avoiding contamination
Improving soils, forests and marine habitat
Setting the foundations new industries
Local reprocessing polyethylene, polypropylene moulding, rubber to oil, glass
Future Tech marine plastics for liquid transport fuel
A phased transition to eliminating

landfill
Recovering the power of wasted

resources
Application of composts and biochar from waste

management to woodlots
2015
> 24
Goal 4: Elimination of landfill
Composting
Large volumes of waste organic matter will be produced from gardens,
landscape maintenance as well asdomestic and commercial food
preparation. The hygienicallly process this waste a variety of
composting techniques will be used
Windrow thermocomposting
Good for a mix of wet and dry wastes. Uses a significant amount of
water that can be supplied from stormwater capture. It produces a
variable quality of compost used as a soil improver in parks and
gardens
BSF (Black soldier Fly) Hermetia illucens
The larva of a fly that compost wet food wastes . The adult flies have no
mouth and do not feed, they do not transmit any diseases, The larva
can be harvested to for use in aquaculture and poultry farming
Compost worms
Suitable for composting manures from horses as well as reducing the
volume and increasing quality from windrow composts.
The castings are an excellent fertilizer for parks and gardens. Excess
worms can be harvested for use in aquaculture and poultry farming.
Collected organic waste becomes a

fuel for agriculture
Chicken composting
Combines windrow composting with poultry raising with chickens living
on the compost heaps. Chickens eat food scraps directly and feed
from the insects and fungi in the compost pile . The chicken manure is
absorbed by the compost and eliminates smell
Slow composting
Excess leaves are piled in secluded pens to break down naturally over
a long period of time. This compost is excellent for use in reforestation
projects
BioChar
Woody or weedy material is converted to charcoal for horticultural use
Composting is a sanitary means of transforming waste

into sustainable soils

2015
> 25

Sanitation Masterplan Gili Balu

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5.

5 SANITATION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

Phased evolution to a modern waste management platform for

5.5 SANITATION & WASTE STRATEGY

ECO REGIONS INDONESIA

Goals Overall: Create a Holistic Sanitation Strategy

SANITATION AND WASTE

SOLID WASTE RECOVERY PROGRAM FOR ECOREGION

INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN: A THREE TIERED STRATEGY

5.5 SANITATION & WASTE STRATEGY

ECO REGIONS INDONESIA

SANITATION AND WASTE

MAINLAND WEST SUMBAWA WASTEWATER STRATEGY

Larger settlements with concentrated populations suitable for centralized

Isolated settlements using sealed septic tanks and vegetated leachfields

Tourist facilities to use septic or modified Asian style (wet) composting

Onsite reuse of greywater in wastewater homegardens for shade and fruit,

GILI BALU WASTEWATER STRATEGY

As for Isolated settlements on the mainland or

5.5 SANITATION & WASTE STRATEGY

ECO REGIONS INDONESIA

SANITATION AND WASTE

REGIONAL SOLID WASTE STRATEGY METHODS AND SUGGESTIONS

Toxic and hazardous waste

Separate rubbish bins provided for

May include but not limited to;

Sorting and processing for export

Recyclable glass, metals, plastics sorted,

There are three systems proposed to be

Thermocomposting hot compost

5.5 SANITATION & WASTE STRATEGY

ECO REGIONS INDONESIA

SANITATION AND WASTE

Greywater Liquids Use Strategy

5.5 SANITATION & WASTE STRATEGY

ECO REGIONS INDONESIA

SANITATION AND WASTE

Overall Goals: Create a Holistic Sanitation Strategy

5.5 SANITATION & WASTE STRATEGY

ECO REGIONS INDONESIA

Water schematic: From Source to Application

SANITATION AND WASTE

Water Schematic: Resource Treatment Storage Application

Inline ceramic and

Large tanks on ridges

Slow sand filter and

Mains water for large

Pressurised mains for

Bioswales, Sand filter,

Primary: Enclave Swimming Pool

Coarse Sand filter,

No storage, direct use

Landscape trees and woodlots

5.5 SANITATION & WASTE STRATEGY

ECO REGIONS INDONESIA

SANITATION AND WASTE

Goal 1: Sourcing for irrigation

Rain event occurs

7.5 SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES

5.5 SANITATION & WASTE STRATEGY

ECO REGIONS INDONESIA

SANITATION AND WASTE

Defining Irrigation Water Source

Dependent on slope, residential density