EME4096

Internal Combustion Engines

ASSIGNMENT 2

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY
EME4096 Internal Combustion Engines
Trimester 3, 2014/2015

Assignment 2

Name:
Student ID:

Due Date: 13th May 2015, Wednesday before 5 pm

Individual assignment submission with this cover page
Hand written assignment
Kindly submit completed assignment to Mr. Em Poh Pings pigeon box
Assignment 2 carries 5 marks in total with 1.25 marks for each question.

Trimester 3, 2014/2015

EPP

EME4096

Internal Combustion Engines

ASSIGNMENT 2

EME4096 Assignment 2
Question 1
a) A race car burns nitromethane with air at an equivalence ratio of 1.25. Except
for unburned fuel, all nitrogen ends up as N2 and all carbon ends up CO2 (no
CO). Calculate:
i.

Write the balanced chemical reaction equation,

ii.

Percent stoichiometric air [%], and

iii.

Air-fuel ratio.

[0.35 mark]
[0.15 mark]
[0.15 mark]
b) Methanol is burned in an engine with air at an equivalence ratio of = 0.75.
Exhaust pressure and inlet pressure are 101 kPa. Calculate:
i.

Write the balance chemical equation for this reaction,

[0.3 mark]

ii.

Air-fuel ratio, and

[0.15 mark]

iii.

Anti-knock index of methanol.

[0.15 mark]

Question 2
A small in-line, four-cylinder, 2.2 L, CI automobile engine equipped with cylinder
cutout, operates on a four-stroke Dual cycle using light diesel fuel with AF = 21. When
very little power is required the engine converts to a two-cylinder 1.1 L engine and
operates at a higher speed. As a four-cylinder, the engine runs at 2100 RPM, with a
volumetric efficiency of 61%, and a brake thermal efficiency of 45%. As a twocylinder, the engine has a volumetric efficiency of 82%, and a brake thermal efficiency
of 42%. Combustion efficiency is 98% at all times. Density of air is 1.181 kg/m3.
Calculate:
i.
ii.

iii.

Flow rate of air into four-cylinder engine at 2100 RPM [kg/sec],

[0.3 mark]
Flow rate of air into two-cylinder engine to produce same brake power
output [kg/sec], and
[0.65 mark]
Speed needed as two-cylinder engine to produce same brake power
[RPM].
[0.3 mark]

Trimester 3, 2014/2015

EPP

EME4096

Internal Combustion Engines

ASSIGNMENT 2

Question 3
a) A six-liter, eight-cylinder, four-stroke cycle SI race car engine operates at 6000
RPM using stoichiometric nitromethane as fuel (A/F = 1.7). Combustion
efficiency is 99%, and the fuel input rate is 0.198 kg/sec. Assume the density of
air is 1.181 kg/m3. Calculate:
i.

Volumetric efficiency of the engine, (%),

ii.

Flow rate of air into the engine, [kg/sec],

iii.

Heat generated in each cylinder per cycle, [kJ],

[0.15 mark]
[0.05 mark]

iv.

[0.2 mark]
How much chemical energy there is in unburned fuel in the exhaust,
[kW].
[0.2 mark]

b) A 6.2-liter, V8, four-stroke cycle SI engine is designed to have a maximum

speed of 6500 RPM. At this speed, volumetric efficiency is 88%. The engine is
equipped with a four-barrel carburetor, each barrel having a discharge
coefficient of CDt = 0.95. The fuel used is gasoline at AF = 15.1 (density of
gasoline g = 750 kg/m3 and density of air a = 1.181 kg/m3). Calculate:
i.
ii.

Minimum throat diameter needed in each carburetor venturi, [cm].

[0.3 mark]
Fuel capillary tube diameter needed for each venturi throat if tube
discharge coefficient CDt = 0.85 and the capillary tube height differential
is small, [mm].
[0.35 mark]

Trimester 3, 2014/2015

EPP

EME4096

Internal Combustion Engines

ASSIGNMENT 2

Question 4
The divided combustion chamber of a two-liter, four-cylinder, lean-burn, stratified
charge SI engine have 22% of clearance volume in the secondary chamber of each
cylinder. The intake system delivers an air-gasoline mixture into the secondary chamber
at an equivalence ratio of 1.2 and into the main chamber at an equivalence ratio of 0.75.
The engine has a volumetric efficiency of 93%, overall combustion efficiency of 99%,
indicated thermal efficiency of 52%, and a mechanical efficiency of 86% when
operating at 3500 RPM. Assume the density of air is 1.181 kg/m3. Calculate:
a) overall air-fuel ratio,
[0.4 mark]
b) overall equivalence ratio,
[0.05 mark]
c) brake power at this condition, [kW],
[0.4 mark]
d) bmep, [kPa],
[0.1 mark]
e) amount of unburned fuel exhausted from the engine, [kg/hr],
[0.15 mark]
f) bsfc, [gm/kW-hr].
[0.15 mark]

Trimester 3, 2014/2015

EPP

EME4096

Internal Combustion Engines

ASSIGNMENT 2

Appendices
Table 1: MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
SUBSTANCE
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
(kg/kgmole) or
(lbm/lbmmole)
Air
Argon
Carbon
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Water vapor
Helium
Nitrogen

28.97
39.95
12.01
28.01
44.01
2.02
18.02
4.00
28.01

Ar
C
CO
CO2
H2
H2O
He
N2

Table 2: PROPERTIES OF FUELS

Fuel

Heating Value

Molecula
r
weight

HHV
(kJ/kg)

Stoichiometric

Octane
Number

Heat of
Vaporizati
on (kJ/kg)

Cetane
Number

307

40-55
35-50

Gasoline

C8H15

111

47300

LHV
(kJ/kg)
43000

Light diesel

C12.3H22.2

170

44800

42500

14.5

0.069

270

Heavy diesel

C14.6H24.8

200

43800

41400

14.5

0.069

230

Isooctane

C8H18

114

47810

44300

15.1

0.066

100

100

290

Methanol

CH3OH

32

22540

20050

6.5

0.155

92

106

1147

Ethanol

C2H5OH

46

29710

26950

9.0

0.111

89

107

873

Methane

CH4

16

55260

49770

17.2

0.058

120

120

509

Propane

C3H8

44

50180

46190

15.7

0.064

97

112

426

Nitromethane

CH3NO2

61

12000

10920

1.7

0.588

Heptane

C7H16

100

48070

44560

15.2

0.066

Cetane

C16H34

226

47280

43980

15.0

0.066

Heptamethylnonane

C12H34

178

15.9

0.063

15

-methylnaphthalene

C11H10

142

13.1

0.076

Carbon monoxide

CO

28

10100

10100

2.5

0.405

Coal (carbon)

12

33800

33800

11.5

0.087

Butene-1

C4H8

56

48210

45040

14.8

0.068

80

99

390

Triptane

C7H16

100

47950

44440

15.2

0.066

101

112

288

Isodecane

C10H22

142

47590

44200

15.1

0.066

92

113

Toluene

C7H8

92

42500

40600

13.5

0.074

109

120

Hydrogen

H2

141800

120000

34.5

0.029

(AF)s

(FA)s

MON

RON

14.6

0.068

80-91

9299

623
0

316
292

100

412

90

End of Paper
Trimester 3, 2014/2015

EPP