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1Abstract
For ask above questions we must know Using the Global Positioning System (GPS)),
s i m p l y , i t i s a process used to establish a position at any point on the globe) the
following two values can be determined anywhere on Earth:
1. Ones exact location (longitude, latitude and Alti t ude ( height co-ordinates)
accurate to within a range of 20 m to approx. 1 mm.
2. The precise time (Universal Time Coordinated, UTC) accurate to within a range of
60ns to approx. 5ns. Speed and direction of travel (course) can be derived from these
co-ordinates as well as the time. The coordinates and time values are determined by
28 satellites orbiting the Earth .
1.2 Introduction
(GPS) is a Satellite-Based navigation (i.e Satellites that estimate the position of a point by using
a group of satellites.) System made up of a network of 24 Satellites placed into orbit by the U.S.
Department of Defense (DOD).
GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the
system available for civilian use .
Un-corrected positions determined from GPS satellite signals produce accuracies in the
range of 50 to 100 meters. When using a technique called differential correction, users can
get positions accurate to within 5 meters or less.
With some consideration for error, GPS can provide any point on earth with a unique
address (its precise location). A GIS is basically a descriptive database of the earth (or a
specific part of the earth). GPS tells you that you are at point X,Y,Z while GIS tells you that
X,Y,Z is an oak tree, or a spot in a stream with a pH level of 5.4. GPS tells us the "where".
GIS tells us the "what". GPS/GIS is reshaping the way we locate, organize, analyze and
map our resources