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What is Tribology?
Tribology is the science and technology of controlling friction and wear. Most
mechanical equipment is subject to damage by wear or wastes energy by frictional
dissipation
Tribology
Friction
wear/lubrication
Friction
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What is the best solution to the problem of carrying load across the interface with
acceptable friction and wear?
Surface Interactions
When two surfaces are loaded together they can adhere over some part of the contact and
this adhesion is therefore one form of surface interaction causing friction.
If no adhesion takes place then the only alternative interaction which results in a
resistance to motion is one in which material must be deformed and displaced to
accommodate the relative motion.
One possible interaction is asperity interlocking.
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Contact Mechanics
Engineering machinery relies on the integrity of components with interacting surfaces
such as gears, bearings or cams. Loads are often supported on a small surface area of the
component. Contact pressures and stresses therefore tend to be high. The engineer
needs to design components to withstand these high contact stresses.
Wear
Wear has been defined as either mass or volume of material, removed or displaced from a
body which is repeatedly stressed in mechanical contact with another body or bodies.
Wear, in most instances, is undesirable, leading to increased clearances between moving
components, increased mechanical loading and may be even fatigue failure. In grinding
and polishing process, however, high wear rates are desirable and small amounts of wear
are often welcome in the running in of some types of machinery.
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Foaming
Foaming is a phenomenon which can occur in industrial lubrication systems. The risk is
that bubbling oil will be pumped around the system and cause bearing failures. Foaming
problems arise either from faults in the system or through deterioration or contamination
of the oil.
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What Particles Mean and Why They Need to be Monitored and Controlled
Contamination can be defined as any unwanted substance or energy that enters or
contacts the oil. Contaminants can come in a great many forms, some are highly
destructive to the oil, its additives, and machine surfaces. It is often over looked as a
source of failure because its impact is usually slow and imperceptible yet, given time, the
damage is analogous to eating the machine up from the inside out. While it is not
practical to attempt to totally eradicate contamination from in-service lubricants, control
of contaminant levels within acceptable limits is accomplishable and vitally important.
Particles, moisture, soot, heat, air glycol, fuel, detergents and process fluids are all
contaminants commonly found in industrial lubricants and hydraulic fluids.
Proactive Maintenance. While the benefits of detecting abnormal machine wear or an
aging lubricant condition are important and frequently achieved with oil analysis
programs, they should be regarded as low on the scale of importance compared to the
more rewarding objective of failure avoidance. This is achieved by treating the causes of
failure, not simply the symptoms. And, it is the foundation of the popular practice known
as proactive maintenance. In fact, the only effective way to obtain simple solutions to
complex machine maintenance problems is through proactive maintenance.
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