Design of 10m Clear Span Slab Bridge

Construction of 10.
00mts span culvert at 5/6 KM of Vemuladeevi channel

Name of the work:-Construction of bridge across Dharbharevu canal
on Gopuram road near Anjaneyaswamy temple in Pedalanka(V)
n of 10.00mts span culvert at 5/6 KM of Vemuladeevi channel
he work:-Construction of bridge across Dharbharevu canal

uram road near Anjaneyaswamy temple in Pedalanka(V)
Design Philosophy:-
The design of 1V-- 10.37m right span culvert is carried as per the procedure out lined
below:Step1:The design discharge was fixed after arriving discharge based on the following methods:a.As per the hydraulic particulars furnished by the Irrigation department
b.By Area-Velocity method using Manning's equation for arriving at the flow velocity
and area by considering actual cross-section of the channel.
Step2:a.Hydraulic particulars like HFL,OFL are obtained from Irrigation department.
b.Bottom of deck level was fixed based on HFL and road formation levels on both sides.
The vertical clearence and afflux are verified.
c.Ventway calculations are done for fixation of ventway.
d.Normal scour depth with reference to HFL was calculated using Lacey's equations
e.After arriving at the Maximum scour depth,bottom level of the foundation was fixed
below the maximum scour depth
Step3:After arriving at bottom of deck level,bottom of foundation level and required
ventway,the dimensions of the bridge are finalised.
The structural components are desined in the following manner:a.As per the recommendations of IRC 6:2000,IRC class A live load required for bridges
and culverts of medium importance is selected.
b.Load combination is selected as per IRC 6:2000
c.Based on the trial pit particulars and soil test reports,type of foundation was selected.
d.The structural components like Abutment,raft foundation are
designed as per the guide lines given in relevent IRC codes.
e.The deck slab is proposed as per the MOST drawing Nos.BD 3-74&BD 4-74
f.The dirt wall is proposed as per the drawings given in Plate No.7.25 of
IRC:SP20-2002(Rural roads manual)
Design of Abutments
I)Design Parameters:Clear Right Span
10.00m
Deck slab length
10.740m
Width of the carriage way
5.50m
Thickness of deck slab as per MOST Dg.BD 3-74
0.790m
Thickness of wearing coat
0.075m
Height of railing
1.200m
Thickness of dirt wall
0.30m
Sectional area of dirt wall
0.440sqm
Thickness of RAFT footing
0.70m
Height of abutments
1.664m
Top width of abutments
0.690m
Bottom width of abutments
2.00m
Sectional area of abutment section
2.238sqm
Bank side batter of abutment
1.310m
Stream side batter of abutment
0.000m
Width of 1st footing
2.30m
Thickness of 1st footing
0.30m
Canal side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment
0.15m
Bank side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment
0.15m
Width of 2nd footing
2.45m
Thickness of 2nd footing
0.30m
Canal side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment
0.30m
Bank side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment
0.15m
Width of 3rd footing
0.00m
Thickness of 3rd footing
0.00m
Canal side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment
0.00m
Bank side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment
0.00m
Width of VRCC RAFT footing
6.55m
Thickness of VRCC RAFT footing
0.60m
Type of bearings
Unit weight of RCC (yrc)
25KN/cum
Unit weight of PCC (ypc)
24KN/cum
Density of back fill soil behind abutments (y)
18KN/Cum
Unit weight of water (yw)
10KN/Cum
(As per hydralic calculations)
No bearings proposed
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material(Q)
30
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(In

degrees)(in clock wise direction)(a)
51.81
Slope of back fill (b)
Angle of wall friction (q)
15
Height of surcharge considered (h3)
1.20m
Road crest level (RTL)
2.862m
Low bed level (LBL)
0.488m
High flood Level (HFL)

Bottom of foundation level (BFL)
Safe Bearing Capacity of the soil (SBC)
=
=
=
1.488m
-1.512m
6.00t/sqm
Compressive strength of concrete for RCC Strip footing

(fck)
25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel (fy)
415.00N/sqmm
Cover to reinforcement
50.00mm
II)General loading pattern:As per IRC:6---2000,the following loadings are to be considered on the bridge or slab
culvert:1.Dead load
2.Live load
3.Impact load
4.Wind load
5.Water current
6.Tractive,braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings
7.Buoyancy
8.Earth pressure
9.Seismic force
10.Water pressure force
As per clause 202.3,the increase in permissible stresses is not permissible for the
above loading combination.
III)Loading on the slab culvert for design of abutments:1.Dead Load:i)Self wieght of the deck slab =
583.32KN
ii)Self wieght of dirtwall over abutment =
60.50KN
iii)Self weight of wearing coat =
55.38KN
699.20KN
There is no need to consider snow load as per the climatic conditions
Self wieght of the abutments upto bottom most footing based on the preliminary
section assumed:iv)Self wieght of the abutment section =
295.42KN
v)Self wieght of top footing =
91.08KN
vi)Self wieght of 2nd footing =
97.02KN
vii)Self wieght of 3rd footing =
0.00KN
viii)Self wieght of 4th footing =
0.00KN
483.52KN
W1
W1
ix)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment w.r.t base of abutment

S.No
Description Load in KN
Distance of centroid of load from toe of

abutment
Moment
Back
batter(W1)
143.86944
1.127
162.14
Centre
portion(W2)
151.55712
0.345
52.29
Front
batter(W3)
295.42656
Location of resultant from toe of abutment =
214.43
0.73m
Eccentricity wrt centre of base of abutment =
0.270m
x)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment&1st footing w.r.t bottom of 1st footing
S.No
Distance of centroid of load from toe of 1st

footing
Moment
Back batter
143.86944
1.277
183.72
Centre portion
151.55712
0.495
75.02
Front batter
1st footing
91.08KN
1.15
104.74
386.50656
363.48
0.94m
Eccentricity wrt centre of 1st footing=
0.210m
xi)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment,1st&2nd footings w.r.t bottom of 2nd footing
S.No
Moment
Distance of centroid of load from toe of 2nd

footing
Back batter
143.86944
1.427
205.3
Centre portion
151.55712
0.645
97.75
Front batter
0.3
1st footing
91.08KN
1.300
118.4
2nd footing
97.02KN
1.225
118.85
483.52656
540.3
1.12m
Eccentricity =
0.105m
xii)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment,1st&2nd footings w.r.t bottom of 2nd footing
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Back batter
Centre portion
Front batter
1st footing
2nd footing
3rd footing
Moment
Distance of centroid of load from toe of 3rd

footing
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.427
0.645
0.3
1.00
0.93
0.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00m
Eccentricity =
0.000m
2.Live Load:As per clause 201.1 of IRC:6--2000,the bridges and culverts of medium importance
are to be designed for IRC Class A loading.
GENERAL IRC Class-A loading Pattern
1.10
3.20
1.20
4.30
3.00
3.00
3.00
1.80
3.00
6.8t
3.00
6.8t
4.30
6.8t
1.20
6.8t
3.20
11.4t
11.4t
2.7t
2.7t
1.10
3.00
The IRC Class A loading as per the drawing is severe and the same is to be considered as per
clauses 207.1.3&207.4
Y
475
11.4t
11.4t
Portion to be loaded
with 5KN/m live
load
6.8t
10000
11380
6.8t
5500
2925
3525
The ground contact area of wheels for the above placement,each axle wise is
given below:Axle load
(Tonnes)
11.4
6.8
Ground Contact Area

B(mm)
250
200
W(mm)
500
380
2.7
150
200
Assuming 0.475m allowance for guide posts/kerbs and the clear distance of vehicle from
the edge of guide post being 0.15m as per clause 207.1,the value of 'f' shown in the figure will
be 0.625m
Hence,the width of area to be loaded with 5KN/m2 on left side is (f) =
0.625m
Similarly,the area to be loaded on right side (k) =
3.525m
4.15m
The total live load on the deck slab composes the following components:1.Wheel loads----Point loads
364.00KN
2.Live load in remaing portion(Left side)----UDL
33.56KN
2.Live load in remaing portion(Right side)----UDL
189.29KN
586.86KN
Resultant live load:Eccentricity of live load w.r.t y-direction(Along the direction of travel of vehicles)
Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t y-axis
S.No
Wheel
Load/UDL in
KN
Distance from Y-axis
Moment
57
0.875m
49.88KNm
57
0.875m
49.88KNm
57
2.675m
152.48KNm
57
2.675m
152.48KNm
34
0.875m
29.75KNm
34
0.875m
29.75KNm
34
2.675m
90.95KNm
34
2.675m
90.95KNm
33.5625
0.313m
10.49KNm
10
189.2925
4.688m
887.31KNm
586.855
1543.90KNm
Distance of centroid of forces from y-axis
= 2.631m
Eccentricity =
0.594m
Eccentricity of live load w.r.t x-direction(At right angle to the travel of vehicles)
Taking moments of all the forces w.r.t x-axis
S.No
Load in KN
Distance from X-axis
Moment
57
11.005m
627.29KNm
57
11.005m
627.29KNm
57
9.805m
558.89KNm
57
9.805m
558.89KNm
34
5.505m
187.17KNm
34
5.505m
187.17KNm
34
2.505m
85.17KNm
34
2.505m
85.17KNm
33.56KN
5.690m
190.97KNm
10
189.29KN
5.690m
1077.07KNm
586.855
4185.06KN
Distance of centroid of forces from x-axis
= 7.131m
Eccentricity =
2.441m
Location of Resultant
2631
10000
11380
2631
10000
11380
7131
5500
Calculation of reactions on abutments:-
Reaction due to loads Ra =
367.74KN
Reaction due to point loads = Rb =
219.12KN
Hence,the critical reaction is Ra =
367.7KN
The corrected reaction at obtuse corner =
367.74KN
Assuming that the live load reaction acts at the centre of the contact area on the abutment,
300
185
300
815
815
815
815
740
The eccentricty of the line of action of live load at bottom of abutment =
0.815m
----do----on top of 1st footing
0.815m
----do----on top of 2nd footing
0.740m
The eccentricity in the other direction need not be considered due to high section modulus in transverse
direction.
3.Impact of vehicles:As per Clause 211 of IRC:6--2000,impact allowance shall be made by an increment
of live load by a factor 4.5/(6+L)
Hence,the factor is
0.269
Further as per clause 211.7 of IRC:6--2000,the above impact factor shall be only
50% for calculation of pressure on piers and abutments just below the level of bed block.There
is no need to increase the live load below 3m depth.
As such,the impact allowance for the top 3m of abutments will be
0.1345
For the remaining portion,impact need not be considered.
4.Wind load:The deck system is located at height of (RTL-LBL)
2.37m
The Wind pressure acting on deck system located at that height is considered for design.
As per clause 212.3 and from Table .4 of IRC:6---2000,the wind pressure at that
hieght is=
59.48 Kg/m2.
Height of the deck system =
2.065
Breadth of the deck system =
11.38
The effective area exposed to wind force =HeightxBreadth =

Hence,the wind force acting at centroid of the deck system =
(Taking 50% perforations)
6.97KN
Further as per clause 212.4 of IRC:6---2000 ,300 Kg/m wind force is considered to be
acting at a hieght of 1.5m from road surface on live load vehicle.
Hence,the wind force acting at 1.5m above the road surface =
The location of the wind force from the top of RCC raft footing =
16.50KN
4.93m
5.Water current force:Water pressure considered on square ended abutments as per clause 213.2 of
IRC:6---2000 is
P = 52KV2 =
26.286 Kg/m2.
(where the value of 'K' is 1.5 for square ended abutments)

For the purpose of calculation of exposed area to water current force,only 1.0m
width of abutment is considered for full hieght upto HFL
Hence,the water current force =
0.62KN
Point of action of water current force from the top of RCC raft footing =
3.77m
6.Tractive,braking effort of vehicles&frictional resistance of bearings:The breaking effect of vehicles shall be 20% of live load acting in longitudinal
direction at 1.2m above road surface as per the clause 214.2 of IRC:6--2000.
As no bearings are assumed in the present case,50% of the above longitudinal

force can be assumed to be transmitted to the supports of simply supported spans resting on
stiff foundation with no bearings as per clause 214.5.1.3 of IRC:6---2000
Hence,the longitudinal force due to braking,tractive or frictional resistance of

bearings transferred to abutments is
58.69KN
The location of the tractive force from the top of RCC raft footing =
7.Buoyancy :-
4.63m
As per clause 216.4 of IRC:6---2000,for abutments or piers of shallow depth,the

dead weight of the abutment shall be reduced by wieght of equal volume of water upto HFL.
The above reduction in self wieght will be considered assuming that the back fill
behind the abutment is scoured.
For the preliminary section assumed,the volume of abutment section is
i)Volume of abutment section =
12.31Cum
ii)Volume of top footing =
3.80Cum
iii)Volume of 2nd footing =
4.04Cum
iv)Volume of 3rd footing =
0.00Cum
v)Volume of 4th footing =
0.00Cum
20.15Cum
Reduction in self wieght =
201.47KN
8.Earth pressure :As per clause 217.1 of IRC:6---2000,the abutments are to be designed for a
surcharge equivalent to a back fill of hieght 1.20m behind the abutment.
The coefficient of active earth pressure exerted by the cohesion less back fill on
the abutment as per the Coulomb's theory is given by
'2
Ka =
Sin(a+Q)
sina
sin(a-q)
sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)
Sin(a+Q) =
Sin(a-q) =
Sina =
Sin(Q+q) =
Sin(Q-b) =
Sin(a+b) =
SIN[3.14*(51.81+30)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(51.81-15)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(51.81)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(30+15)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(30-0)/180] =
SIN[3.14*(51.81+0)/180] =
0.99
0.599
0.786
0.707
0.5
0.786
From the above expression,

Ka =
0.76
The hieght of abutment above GL,as per the preliminary section assumed =
Hence,maximum pressure at the base of the wall
1.664m
Pa =
22.76KN/sqm
The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:Surcharge load =
16.42 KN/sqm
16.42
1.664
22.76
16.42
Area of the rectangular portion =

Area of the triangular portion =
27.32
18.94
46.26
Taking moments of the areas about the toe of the wall

S.No
1
2
Description
Area
Lever arm Moment
Rectangular
Triangular
27.32
18.94
0.832
22.73024
0.55466667 10.50538667
46.26
33.23562667
Height from the bottom of the wall =
0.72m
The active Earth pressure acts on the abutment as shown below:-
0.70
53.19
1.664m
0.72m
51.81
2.00
0.57
Total earth pressure acting on the abutment P =
254.43KN
Horizontal component of the earth pressure Ph =
152.54KN
Vertical component of the earth pressure Pv =
203.63KN
Eccentricity of vertical component of earth pressure =

9.Siesmic force :As per clause 222.1 of IRC:6---2000,the bridges in siesmic zones I and II need not be
designed for siesmic forces.The location of the slab culvert is in Zone-I.Hence,there is no need to
design the bridge for siesmic forces.
10.Water pressure force:The water pressure distribution on the abutment is as given below:-
HFL 1.488m
3.00
BFL -1.512m
0.43m
30.00kn/sqm
Total horizontal water pressure force =
247.50KN
The above pressure acts at height of H/3 =
1.00m
IV)Check for stresses for abutments&footings:-
a)Load Envelope-I:-(The Canal is dry,back fill scoured with live load on span)
i)On top of RCC raft
The following co-ordinates are assumed:a)x-Direction-----At right angle to the movement of vehicles
b)y-Direction-----In the direction of movement of vehicles
Vertical forces acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Eccentricty about x- Eccentricty about yaxis(m)

axis(m)
Reaction due to dead load from super structure
699.20KN
-0.740
0.00
Self wieght of abutment&footings
483.53KN
0.105
0.000
Reaction due to live load with impact factor---(Wheel

loads+UDL)
-0.740
0.000
Impact load
0.00
0.00
466.66KN
0.00
1649.38
Horizontal forces acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
Location(Ht.from the
section considered).
(m)
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
4.93
Tractive,Braking&Frictional resistance of bearings
58.69KN
y-Direction
4.63
Water current force
0.62KN
x-Direction
3.77
Check for stresses:About x-axis:Breadth of 2nd footing b =
6.25m
Depth of 2nd footing d =
2.45m
Area of the footing = A =

Section modulus of bottom footing
about x-axis --Zx =
15.3125 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
6.25 m3
For M20 grade of concrete permissible compressive stress in direct compreession is 5N/mm2
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2.8N/mm2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Vertical loads:-(Stress = P/A(1+6e/b)

Reaction due to live load with impact factor
Impact load
Horizontal loads:- (Stress = M/Z)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
483.53KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
-0.740
0.105
-0.740
0.000
13.22
34.76
8.83
0
58.69KN
4.63
-43.46
13.35
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
Eccentricity
Intensity in
KN (P)

Impact load
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
483.53KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.740
-0.105
0.740
0.000
78.1
28.39
52.13
0
58.69KN
4.63
43.46
202.08
Stress at heel =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
13.35 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
202.08 KN/Sqm<5000KN/sqm
Hence safe.
About y-axis:Breadth of 3rd footing b =
2.45m
Depth of 3rd footing d =
6.25m

Section modulus of bottom footing about =
y-axis--Zy =
15.3125 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
15.95 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Impact load
Wind load
Water current force
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at upstream
edge
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
483.53KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
45.66
31.58
30.48
0
16.50KN
0.62KN
4.93
3.77
-5.1
-0.15
102.47
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Impact load
Wind load
Water current force
Stress at up stream side

edge =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at D/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
483.53KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
45.66
31.58
30.48
0
16.50KN
0.62KN
4.93
3.77
5.1
0.15
112.97
102.47 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at down stream side
edge =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
i)On top of 2nd footing

Vertical load acting on the abutment (P) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN

axis(m)
699.20KN
-0.740
0.00
Self wieght of abutment&cut waters
386.51KN
0.210
0.000
-0.740
0.000
Impact load
0.000
0.00
466.66KN
0.00
Horizontal load acting/transferred on the abutment (H) composes of the following components
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
(m)
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
4.63
58.69KN
y-Direction
4.33
Water current force
0.62KN
x-Direction
3.47
Check for stresses:About x-axis:Breadth of 1st footing b =

Depth of 1st footing d =
Section modulus of base of abutment
about x-axis--Zx =
6.25m
2.30m
14.375 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
5.51 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load

Impact load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
386.51KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
-0.74
0.21
-0.74
0.00
14.09
29.24
9.4
0
58.69KN
4.33
-46.11
6.62
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load

Impact load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
386.51KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.74
-0.21
0.74
0.00
83.19
21.47
55.53
0
58.69KN
4.33
46.11
206.3
Stress at heel =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
About y-axis:Breadth of 1st footing b =
2.30m
6.25m
14.375 m2

about y-axis--Zy =
(1/6)bd2 =
14.97 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
For M20 grade of concrete permissible tensile stress in bending tension is -2N/mm 2
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Type of load

Impact load
Wind load
Water current force
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at upstream
edge
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
386.51KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
48.64
26.89
32.46
0
16.50KN
0.62KN
4.63
3.47
-5.1
-0.14
102.75
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Type of load

Impact load
Wind load
Water current force

edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at D/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
386.51KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
48.64
26.89
32.46
0
16.50KN
0.62KN
4.63
3.47
5.1
0.14
113.23
102.75 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
i)On top of 1st footing
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
1
2
3

Impact load

axis(m)
699.20KN
295.43KN
466.66KN
0.00
-0.815
0.270
-0.815
0.00
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.00
S.No
1
2
3
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Wind load
Water current force
Direction x or y
16.50KN
58.69KN
0.62KN
x-Direction
y-Direction
x-Direction
(m)
4.33
4.03
3.17
Check for stresses:About x-axis:Breadth of abutment b =

Depth of abutment d =
about x-axis--Zx =
6.25m
2.00m
12.5 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
4.17 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
1
2
3
4
5

Impact load
699.20KN
295.43KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
-0.82
0.27
-0.82
0.00
12.17
26.7
8.12
0
58.69KN
4.03
-56.76
-9.77
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Impact load
Eccentricity
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
295.43KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.82
-0.27
0.82
0.00
99.7
17.51
66.54
0
58.69KN
4.03
56.76
240.51
Stress at heel =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
-9.77 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
About y-axis:Breadth of abutment b =
Depth of abutment d =
about y-axis--Zy =
2.00m
6.25m
12.5 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
13.02 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
Type of load

Intensity in
KN (P)
699.20KN
295.43KN
466.66KN
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
0.00
0.00
0.000
Stress at upstream
edge
P/A(1+6e/b)
55.94
23.63
37.33
4
5
6
Impact load
Wind load
Water current force
0.00KN
0.00
16.50KN
0.62KN
4.33
3.17
-5.49
-0.15
111.26
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Impact load
Wind load
Water current force

edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at D/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
295.43KN
466.66KN
0.00KN
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.00
55.94
23.63
37.33
0
16.50KN
0.62KN
4.33
3.17
5.49
0.15
122.54
111.26 KN/Sqm>-2800KN/sqm.
Hence safe.
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
b)Load Envelope-II:-(The Canal is full,back fill intact with no live load on span)
i)On top of RCC Raft footing
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
699.20KN
483.53KN
Reduction in self weight due to buoyancy
-201.47KN
Net self weight
Vertical component of earth pressure

axis(m)
-0.740
0.00
282.06KN
0.105
0.000
203.63KN
0.430
0.000
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
(m)
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
4.93
0.00KN
y-Direction
0.00
Water current force
0.62KN
x-Direction
3.77
Horizontal load due to earth pressure
152.54KN
y-Direction
1.32
Water pressure force
247.50KN
y-Direction
1.00
Check for stresses:About x-axis:Breadth of bottom footing b =

Depth of bottom footing d =
6.25m
2.45m
15.3125 m2

about x-axis --Zx =
(1/6)bd2 =
6.25 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load

Net self wieght of abutment&footings
Vertical component of Earth pressure
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load

Stress at heel =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
282.06KN
203.63KN
-0.74
0.11
0.43
13.22
20.28
18.79
152.54KN
247.50KN
1.32
1.00
-32.17
39.6
59.7
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
282.06KN
203.63KN
0.74
-0.11
-0.43
78.1
16.56
7.81
152.54KN
247.50KN
1.32
1.00
32.17
-39.6
95.06
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
About y-axis:Breadth of bottom footing b =

Depth of bottom footing d =
2.45m
6.25m
15.3125 m2

about y-axis --Zy =
(1/6)bd2 =
15.95 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Wind load
Water current force
Type of load

edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Stress at U/S Edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
282.06KN
203.63KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
45.66
18.42
13.3
16.50KN
0.62KN
4.93
3.77
-5.1
-0.2
72.13
Intensity in
KN (P)

Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Eccentricity
Stress at D/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
282.06KN
203.63KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
45.66
18.42
13.3
16.50KN
0.62KN
4.93
3.77
5.1
0.2
82.63
Hence safe.
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
ii)On top of 2nd footing

S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN

axis(m)
699.20KN
-0.74
0.00
483.53KN
-201.47KN
Net self weight
282.06KN
0.105
0.000
203.63KN
0.430
0.000
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
(m)
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
4.63
0.00KN
y-Direction
0.00
Water current force
0.62KN
x-Direction
3.47
152.54KN
y-Direction
1.02
247.50KN
y-Direction
0.70
Check for stresses:About x-axis:Breadth of 2nd footing b =

Depth of 2nd footing d =
about x-axis --Zx =
6.25m
2.30m
14.375 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
5.51 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
1
2
3
4
5

S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
-0.74
0.11
0.43
14.09
21.6
20.01
152.54KN
247.50KN
1.02
0.70
-28.19
31.4
58.95
Intensity in
KN (P)

Stress at heel =
699.20KN
282.06KN
203.63KN
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Eccentricity
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
282.06KN
203.63KN
0.74
-0.11
-0.43
83.19
17.64
8.32
152.54KN
247.50KN
1.02
0.70
28.19
-31.4
105.9
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
About y-axis:Breadth of 1st footing b =

about y-axis --Zy =
2.30m
6.25m
14.375 m2
(1/6)bd2 =
14.97 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
Type of load

Wind load
Intensity in
KN (P)
Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Stress at U/S Edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
282.06KN
203.63KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
48.64
19.62
14.17
16.50KN
4.63
-5.1
Water current force
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
0.62KN
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)


edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
3.47
Eccentricity
-0.1
77.19
Stress at D/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
282.06KN
203.63KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
48.64
19.62
14.17
16.50KN
0.62KN
4.63
3.47
5.1
0.1
87.67
Hence safe.
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
iii)On top of 1st footing

S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
699.20KN
386.51KN
-161.04KN
Net self weight

axis(m)
-0.74
0.00
225.46KN
0.210
0.000
203.63KN
0.430
0.000
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
(m)
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
4.33
0.00KN
y-Direction
0.00
Water current force
0.62KN
x-Direction
3.17
152.54KN
y-Direction
0.72
247.50KN
y-Direction
0.40
Check for stresses:About x-axis:Breadth of 1st footing b =

6.25m
2.30m
14.375 m2

about x-axis --Zx =
(1/6)bd2 =
5.51 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load

S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Intensity in
KN (P)
Type of load
Stress at heel =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Stress at heel
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
225.46KN
203.63KN
-0.74
0.21
0.43
14.09
18.85
20.01
152.54KN
247.50KN
0.72
0.40
-19.89
18.0
51.03
Intensity in
KN (P)

Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Eccentricity
Stress at toe
P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
225.46KN
203.63KN
0.74
-0.21
-0.43
83.19
12.52
8.32
152.54KN
247.50KN
0.72
0.40
19.89
-18.0
105.95
Hence safe.
Stress at toe =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
About y-axis:-
Breadth of 1st footing b =

2.30m
6.25m
14.375 m2

about y-axis --Zy =
(1/6)bd2 =
14.97 m3
i.e, 5000KN/sqm
i.e, -2800KN/sqm
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Type of load
Intensity in
KN (P)

Wind load
Water current force
Type of load

edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Stress at U/S Edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
225.46KN
203.63KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
48.64
15.68
14.17
16.50KN
0.62KN
4.33
3.17
-4.77
-0.1
73.59
Intensity in
KN (P)

Eccentricity/Lever
arm
Eccentricity
Stress at D/S edge

P/A(1+6e/b)
699.20KN
225.46KN
203.63KN
0.00
0.00
0.00
48.64
15.68
14.17
16.50KN
0.62KN
4.33
3.17
4.77
0.1
83.39
Hence safe.
edge of abutment =
P/A(1+6e/b)+M/Z =
Hence safe.
V)Check for stability of abutments:a)Load Envelope-III:-(The Canal is dry,back fill intact with live load on span)

S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN

axis(m)
699.20KN
0.82
0.00
Self wieght of abutments
295.42KN
0.270
0.000
466.66KN
0.82
0.000
Vertical component of Active Earth pressure
203.63KN
0.430
0.00
1664.91KN
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
(m)
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
4.33
58.69KN
y-Direction
4.33
Horizontal Active Earth pressure force
152.54KN
y-Direction
0.72
227.73KN
Check for stability against over turning:Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,
Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings =
254.11Kn-m
Moment due to active earth pressure force =
109.60Kn-m
Total overturning moment =
363.70Kn-m
Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,,
Moment due to self weight of abutment =
375.18Kn-m
Moment due to live load reaction on abutment =
846.99Kn-m
Moment due to super structure load reaction on abutment =
1269.04Kn-m
Moment due to vertical component of active earth pressure =
291.19Kn-m
Total Restoring moment =
Factor of safety =
7.65017071
> 2.0
2782.40Kn-m
Hence safe
(As per clause 706.3.4 of IRC:78-2000)
Check for stability against sliding:Total vertical load acting on the base of the abutment Vb =
1664.91KN
Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the abutment Hb =
227.73KN
Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces =

Factor of safety against sliding Fs =
0.80
5.84879451 > 1.5

Hence safe
b)Load Envelope-IV:-(The Canal is running upto HFL with no live load on span)
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
699.20KN
Self wieght of abutments
295.42KN
-123.10KN
Net self wieght
Vertical component of Active Earth pressure

axis(m)
0.82
0.00
172.32KN
0.270
0.000
203.63
0.430
0.00
S.No
Type of load
Intensity in
KN
Direction x or y
(m)
Wind load
16.50KN
x-Direction
4.33
0.00KN
y-Direction
0.00
Active Earth pressure force
152.54KN
y-Direction
0.72
Force due to water pressure
247.50KN
y-Direction
0.40
Check for stability against over turning:Taking moments of all the overturning forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,
Moment due to tractive,braking&frictional resistance of bearings =
Moment due to active earth pressure force =
0.00Kn-m
109.60Kn-m
Total overturning moment =
109.60Kn-m
Taking moments of all the restoring forces about toe of the abutment wrt x-axis,
Moment due to self weight of abutment =
218.85Kn-m
Moment due to water pressure force on the abutment =
99.00Kn-m
Moment due to super structure load reaction on abutment =
1269.04Kn-m
Moment due to vertical component of active earth pressure =
291.19Kn-m
Total Restoring moment =
Factor of safety =
17.1362919
1878.08Kn-m
> 2.0
Hence safe
Check for stability against sliding:Total vertical load acting on the base of the abutment Vb =
623.45KN
Total sliding force,ie,horizontal load on the abutment Hb =
152.54KN
Coefficient of friction between concrete surfaces =

Factor of safety against sliding Fs =
3.26968769 > 1.5

Hence safe
0.80
DESIGN OF RAFT FOR THE SLAB CULVERT

Name of the work:-Slab culvert on 6/0 Km of Vemuladeevi Channel
Abutment
Abutment
Length of the Raft:-
14.60m
Width of the Raft:-
6.85m
Total load on the Raft:Dead Load:Wt.of Deck slab =
1166.63Kn
Wt.of wearing coat =
110.76Kn
Wt.of bed blocks over abutments =
121.00Kn
Wt.of abutments
Footing-I =
Footing-II =
Wt.of abutments =
182.16Kn
194.04Kn
590.84Kn
Total
Dead load stress =
23.65Kn/Sqm
Live Load:Taking IRC Class-A loading

Wheel width in the direction of movement =0.2+0.2+0.25/2 = 0.625m
11.4
11.4
1.2
6.8
4.3
6.8
3.0
5.475
2365.43Kn
0.625
14.60m
Centre of gravity of loading from 1st 11.4t load =

=
2.99m
Centre of gravity from the end of raft =
3.615m
Eccentricity =
3.685m
Stress due to live load = 1xP(1+6e/b)

(Taking single lanes)
A
Max.stress =
15.08Kn/Sqm
Min.stress =
-7.95Kn/Sqm
Total stress due to dead load and live load

Max.Stress =
38.73Kn/Sqm
Min.Stress =
15.70Kn/Sqm
Assuming the depth of raft as 70cm

Stress due to self weight of raft =
17.50Kn/Sqm
Stress due to wieght of base concrete =
3.60Kn/Sqm
Hence,the Max.stress on the soil =
59.83Kn/Sqm
Which is less than 6t/sqm(Soil testing report)
Hence safe.
Net Max.upward pressure acting on Raft =
38.73Kn/Sqm
Net Min.upward pressure acting on Raft =
15.70Kn/Sqm
The design stress =
27.22Kn/Sqm
Hence,the UDL on the raft =
27.22Kn/m
Design of Raft:The raft will be analysed as a continuous beam of 1m width with the loading
as shown below:-
1.375
11.85
1.375
UDL of 27.22Kn/m
After analysis the bending moment diagram is as given below:
678
38.6
Max.Negative bending moment Mu =
678.00KNm
Max.Positive bending moment Mu =
38.60KNm
Effective depth required d =

Over all depth provided =
Mu/0.138fckb =
443.31mm
700.00mm
Effective depth provided(Assuming 40mm cover) d =
637.50mm
Top steel:Mu/bd2 =
1.668
From table 3 of SP 16,percentage of steel required =

Area of steel required =
0.505
3219.38sqmm
Bottom steel:Mu/bd2 =
0.095
From table 3 of SP 16,percentage of steel required/Minimum steel =

Area of steel required =
0.12
765.00sqmm
Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 125mm c/c spacing at bottom
and provide 25mm bars at 150mm c/c at top
Hence Ast provided at top =
Hence Ast provided at bottom =
3270.83sqmm
904.32sqmm
Provide distribution reinforcement of 0.12% both at top and bottom

Area =
840.00sqmm
Adopting 12mm dia bars,the spacing required is =
134.57mm
Hence provide 12mm dia bars @ 125mm c/c spacing at top& bottom as distribution steel
Hydraulic design
Hydraulic Particulars:1.Full supply Level
1.488
2.Ordinary Flood level

3.Lowest Bed level
0.488
4.Average bed slope

(1 in 17000)
0.000059
5.Rugosity Coefficient(n)
(As per table 5 of IRC:SP 13)
0.025
6.Vertical clearence proposed

(As per clause 15.5 of IRC:SP 13&as per profile)
0.509
6.Bottom of deck proposed

(MFL+Vertical clearence)
1.997
7.Road Crest level

(Bottom of deck level+thickness of deck slab)
2.862
8.Width of carriage way
5.500
Discharge Calculations:1)From the data furnished by the Irrigation Department:Design discharge =
3.300Cumecs
2)Area Velocity method:Depth of flow w.r.t HFL =
1.000m
Bed width =
8.30m
Assuming side slopes 1:1.5 in clayey soils,top width at HFL =

Wetted Area =
9.05sqm
Wetted perimetre =
11.13m
Hydraulic Radius
R=
Velocity V =
1/nX(R2/3XS1/2)
Discharge Q =
AXV
Design Discharge =
Design Velocity =
9.800m
Total area/Wetted perimeter =
0.81
0.27m/sec
2.44Cumecs
3.300Cumecs
0.337m/sec
Ventway Calculations(H.F.L Condition):Assuming the stream to be truly alluvial,the regime width is equal to linear waterway required for the drain.
Hence,as per Lacey's silt theory,the regime width W = 4.8Q 1/2 = 4.8*3.30.5 =
8.72m
The actual top width is almost equal to the above regime width.Hence,the stream is almost truly alluvial in nature.
As per IRC:SP--13,the ventway calculations for alluvial streams are as given below:-
Assuming afflux =
x =
Width of channel at H.F.L(b+h) =
Clear span =
Effective linear water way =
di =
Depth of flow =
0.15m
9.80m
10.00m
10.00m
1.00m
Head due to velocity of approach =
(Vmax2/2g)X[di/(di+x)]2
0.004m
Combined head due to Velocity of approach and

afflux
hi =
0.154m
Velocity through vents
0.90X(2ghi)1/2 =
Vv =
Linear water way required
LWW = Qd/(VvXdi) =
No.of vents required =
LWW /LC
1.56m/sec
2.11m
0.211
Say---1 Vent
In alluvial streams,the actual width of the stream should not be reduced,as it results in enhanced scour
depth and expensive training works.
Hence No.of vents required as per the width of the stream at H.F.L=
0.98
No.of vents to be provided
1Nos
No.of piers =
0Nos
Scour Depth Calculations:As per the clause 101.1.2 of IRC:5--1985,the design discharge should be increased by 30% to ensure adequate
margin of safety for foundations and protection works
Hence,the discharge for design of foundations =
1.30XDesign Discharge =
Lacey's Silt factor ' f ' = 1.76Xm1/2(For normal silt) =

Discharge per metre width of foundations = q =
Normal scour depth D = 1.34(q2/f)1/3 =
Maximum scour depth Dm = 1.5XD =
Depth of foundation = Dm + Max.of 1.2m or 1/3 Dm =
Bottom level of foundation =
Depth of foundation below low bed level =

The Minimum Safe Bearing capacity of the soil is considered as 60 KN/m2 at a depth of 2.00m below LBL
Hence open foundation in the form of raft is proposed at a depth of 2.0m below LBL,ie,at a level of
Cut-off walls and aprons are not required from scour depth point of view
uly alluvial in nature.
ced scour
o ensure adequate
4.39Cumecs
1.00
0.439
0.78m
1.17m
2.37m
-0.88m
1.370m
-1.512m

Design of 10m Clear Span Slab Bridge

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Design of 10m Clear Span Slab Bridge

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Construction of 10.

00mts span culvert at 5/6 KM of Vemuladeevi channel

n of 10.00mts span culvert at 5/6 KM of Vemuladeevi channel

he work:-Construction of bridge across Dharbharevu canal

Deck slab length

Width of the carriage way

Thickness of deck slab as per MOST Dg.BD 3-74

Thickness of wearing coat

Thickness of dirt wall

Sectional area of dirt wall

Thickness of RAFT footing

Top width of abutments

Bottom width of abutments

Sectional area of abutment section

Bank side batter of abutment

Stream side batter of abutment

Width of 1st footing

Thickness of 1st footing

Canal side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment

Bank side offset of 1st footing wrt abutment

Width of 2nd footing

Thickness of 2nd footing

Canal side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment

Bank side offset of 2nd footing wrt abutment

Width of 3rd footing

Thickness of 3rd footing

Canal side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment

Bank side offset of 3rd footing wrt abutment

Width of VRCC RAFT footing

Thickness of VRCC RAFT footing

Unit weight of RCC (yrc)

Unit weight of PCC (ypc)

Density of back fill soil behind abutments (y)

Unit weight of water (yw)

(As per hydralic calculations)

Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material(Q)

Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(In

Slope of back fill (b)

Angle of wall friction (q)

Height of surcharge considered (h3)

Road crest level (RTL)

Low bed level (LBL)

High flood Level (HFL)

Compressive strength of concrete for RCC Strip footing

Yield strength of steel (fy)

ii)Self wieght of dirtwall over abutment =

iii)Self weight of wearing coat =

v)Self wieght of top footing =

vi)Self wieght of 2nd footing =

vii)Self wieght of 3rd footing =

viii)Self wieght of 4th footing =

ix)Calculation of eccentricity of self weight of abutment w.r.t base of abutment

Distance of centroid of load from toe of

Eccentricity wrt centre of base of abutment =

Distance of centroid of load from toe of 1st

Location of resultant from toe of abutment =

Eccentricity wrt centre of 1st footing=

Distance of centroid of load from toe of 2nd

Location of resultant from toe of abutment =

Distance of centroid of load from toe of 3rd

Location of resultant from toe of abutment =

Ground Contact Area

Hence,the width of area to be loaded with 5KN/m2 on left side is (f) =