Wireless technology has transformed our lives in many ways.

Until very recently, we

needed a computer wired to a port, to get online. Even wired telephones are becoming
a thing of past. Nowadays, we use our mobile phones for banking, to check ticket
availability at a Cinema Hall, and many more. Wireless communication is the transfer of
information over a distance without the use of enhanced electrical conductors or "wires.
And, Wireless networking refers to any kind of networking that does not involve cables.
It helps in saving the cost of cables for networking in addition to providing the mobility.

Mobile networks have evolved tremendously in last 3 decades. Cellular concept was
introduced with 1G (G stands for generation) networks. Today, 4G technology is
getting ready to storm the markets. Not only that, research on 5G technology has
already begun.

Why 4G?

3G may not be sufficient to meet needs of future high-performance applications like

multi-media, full-motion video, wireless teleconferencing.

Multiple standards for 3G make it difficult to roam and interoperate across networks

Requirement of a single broadband network with high data rates which integrates
wireless LANs, Bluetooth, cellular networks, etc

4G Technology
4G - Also known as "Beyond 3G", 4G refers to the fourth generation of wireless
communications. The deployment of 4G networks will enable another leap in wireless
data-rate and spectral efficiency. ITU has specified IMT-A (IMT-Advanced) for 4G
standards.
4G is all about convergence; convergence of wired and wireless networks, wireless
technologies including GSM, wireless LAN, and Bluetooth as well as computers,
consumer electronics, communication technology and several others. 4G is a Mobile

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Aggarwal
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multimedia, anytime anywhere, Global mobility support, integrated wireless solution,

and customized personal service network system .
4G wireless technology is also referred to by MAGIC which stands for

M - Mobile multimedia
A - Any-where
G - Global mobility solutions over
I - Integrated wireless
C - Customized services.

4G is an all IP-based integrated system will be capable to provide 100 Mbps for high mobility
and 1 Gbps for low mobility , with end-to-end QoS and high security, and will offering various
services at any time as per user requirements, anywhere with seamless interoperability, at
affordable cost. The user services include IP telephony, ultra-broadband Internet access,
gaming services and High Definition Television (HDTV) streamed multimedia.

4G Requirements - As per ITU's IMT-A

All-IP packet switched network.

Data rates up to 100 Mbps for high mobility and up to 1 Gbps for low mobility.

Seamless connectivity and global roaming

Interoperability with existing wireless standards

Smooth handovers.

High QoS.

Key Components & Technologies in 4G

MIMO OFDM
IPv6
Smart Antennas
Adhoc Networks
Adaptive Modulation And Coding (AMC)
Adaptive Hybrid ARQ
Improved Modulation
Software Defined Radio (SDR)
Kanav
Aggarwal
0601770201
2