MAXIMUM CURRENT INDICATOR ON

PHASE

By

ARVY TRYUDHA

MKS0412/JF/S1/ED/028

RIZKA UNAIRIROSI

2009-71-067

ARIF BUDIMAN

2009-71-125

PT. PLN (Persero) RAYON AIRMADIDI

CABANG MANADO, WILAYAH SULUTTENGGO
2013

PT PLN (PERSERO)
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OLIMPIAD_33rd OJT

ABSTRACT
PHB-TR is one of the distribution material which support sustainability
electronic distribution. Actually, the attention of PLNs operator is weak toward
PHB-TR. It cause outage. Majority causes of outage is disconnect NH Fuse. NH
Fuse disconnected because the current which through phase higher than their
nominal current. NH Fuse disconnected can be avoided with an indicator. It use to
give initial warning when the current almost reach nominal currents NH Fuse.
This indicator is Maximum Current Indicator on Phase.

PT PLN (PERSERO)
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OLIMPIAD_33rd OJT

CHAPTER I BACKGROUND
The title of our innovation in Olimpiade, Science, and Technology is
MAXIMUM CURRENT INDICATOR ON PHASE the function to be avoid
blackout which caused disconnected by NH Fuse on PHB-TR. NH Fuse
disconnected because the current which through phase higher than their nominal
current. Hopely, this innovation can give initial warning by indicator which will
be active when the current almost reach nominal currents NH Fuse.

CHAPTER II STRATEGIC ISSUE

During this time, the attention of PLN Airmadidis operator is weak
toward PHB-TR load metering. It cause transformator overload, outage, and
current each phase isnt balanced. This problem is caused by:

1. Many member of new installation customer without measuring the load on each
phase.
2. Wearing jumpers instead of the damaged NH fuse on PHB-TR.
3. Lack of direct action of the operators prevent overcurrent on phase.
4. MCB on customer misuse.

CHAPTER III OFI FORMULATION (OPPORTUNITY FOR

IMPROVEMENT)
We chose SWOT methode to analysis our problem. SWOT is methode to
explain the condition and evaluation of problem which based from internal factor
and external factor. There are Strenghts, Weakness, Opportunities dan Threats
(SWOT). This methode evaluation is to find the problem and strategic. SWOT
methode is just for explain the condition and not for solution problem.

PT PLN (PERSERO)
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Picture 3.1 SWOT Diagram

1.

2.

Strengths
-

The people around should be give participate to protect PLNs asset.

PLNs operator is more perceptive to prevent overcurrent on phase.

Weakness.
-

3.

4.

There are losses.

Opportunities
-

Indicator will still on until operator do the action.

It can prevent outage which caused overcurrent phase on PHB-TR.

Threats
-

This innovation tools can be stolen.

CHAPTER IV AFI (ACTION FOR IMPROVEMENT)

Based on strategic issues encountered in PLN Rayon Airmadidi, so we
took the initiative to make a device which can detect overcurrent at each phase
PHB-TR. It can to prevent the outages caused by unbalanced load in the PHB-TR.
This innovation have a sensor that can detect overcurrent used on each phase
PHB-TR.

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Example for PHB-TR

Picture 4.1 MAL 01 PHB-TR

Picture 4.2 MAL 01 Transformator

MAL 01 PHB-TR Likupang-Batu

Transformation power

: 50 KVA

NH fuse Line

: 63 A

Total line

: 1 line

PHB-TR Metering Data on 2 Februari 2013, Time 19.45

IR

: 49,2 A

IS

: 0,4 A

IT

: 57,4 A

IN

: 62 A

PHB-TR Metering Data on 18 Februari 2013, Time 10.16

IR

: 49,5 A

IS

:0A

IT

: 72,3 A

IN

: 64,8 A

Current nominal phase :

= 75,75 A
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PT PLN (PERSERO)
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Standard load phase :

80 % x 75,75 = 60,6 A
If metering data compared with counting data. We can see that current each phase
on PHB-TR arent balanced. Is (current on S phase) doesnt have load and It
(current on T phase) have reached more than 80% from standard current that is
72,3 A. It (current on T phase) have reached 95,45% from maximum current each
phase. So hopely, with this innovation that condition can be avoided.
4.1 MCB
We use MCB with current rating one level lower than NH Fuse. MAL 01
PHB-TR use NH fuse with nominal current 63A, so the MCB we choosed is MCB
with nominal currents 50A. MCB is an automatically operated electrical switch
designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short
circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition an by interrupting
continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow. Unlike a fuse, which
operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset to resume
normal operation.

Picture 4.3 MCB 50 Ampere

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4.2 CONTACTOR
A contactor is an electrically controlled switch used for switching a power
circuit, similar to a relay except with higher current rating. Contactors come in
many forms with varying capacities and features. Unlike a circuit breaker, a
contactor isnt intended to interrupt a short circuit current.
A contactor composed from coil, NO (Normally Open) contact, and NC
(Normally Close) contact. When current passes through the electromagnet (coil), a
magnetic field is produced, which attracts the moving core of contactor. The
electromagnet coil draws more current initially, until it is inductance increases
when the metal core enters the coil. The moving contact is propelled by the
moving core. The force developed by electromagnet holds the moving and fixed
contacts together. When the contactor coil is de-energized, gravity or spring
retuns the electromagnet core to its initial position. It make contacts retuns to
initial position too.
Contactors which used on MAL 01 PHB-TR have suitable capacity with
maximum current which through each phase 75,75 A. So, we choose contactor 3
phase which have capacity 80 A.

Picture 4.4 Contactor 3 phasa 80 Ampere

4.3 INDICATOR
There are two indicator which used in this inovation. There are lamp and
alarm. Those indicator will be assembled paralel way. If current which through
phasa higher than MCB's nominal current, the lamp will be on and the alarm will
be out the sound

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Picture 4.5 Lamp and Alarm Indicator

4.4 EQUIPMENT
Normal Condition :
When the MCB close, coil energized. All of NC (Normally Close)
contacts will be Open. And NO (Normally Open) contacts will be Close.
So the customers still underserved.
Overcurrent Condition:
When the current which through MCB higher than its capacity, MCB
will be trip (turned off). Coil will energized and the contacts will return to
initial (normal) condition. When MCB trip (turned off), indicators will active
(turned on) and the customers still underserved.
4.5 INSTALATION

Picture 4.6 Line Diagram Circuit

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Picture 4.7 Instalation

4.6 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE

1. Indicators on

2. People sees it

PT PLN (PERSERO)
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4.Operator receives information

3. People calls PLN

5. operator asks employee to check PHB-TR

6. Employee checks load phase

4.7 DETAIL COST

Detail cost for this innovation:
No

Component

Amount

Price

Total

MCB 100 A/ MCB 1 A

Rp 97. 405

Rp

Contactor

Rp 827.600

Rp 2.482.800

phasa

292.215

PT PLN (PERSERO)
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OLIMPIAD_33rd OJT

80A/Relay 5 A
3

Alarm

Rp 22.500

Rp

Lamp sirine/Lamp (2rb)

Rp 60.000

Rp 180.000

Total

67.500

Rp 3.022.515

Detail cost for this innovation prototype:

No

Component

Amount

Price

Total

MCB 1A

Rp 20.000

Rp 20.000

Relay 5A

Rp 75.000

Rp 75.000

Bell

Rp 22.500

Rp 22.500

Lamp

Rp 1.600

Rp

1.600

Fitting Lamp

Rp 3.000

Rp

3.000

Steker

Rp 6.000

Rp

6.000

Fuse 2A

Rp

400

Rp

400

Fitting Fuse

Rp 1.500

Rp

1.500

Total

Rp130.000

4.8 SAVING, BENEFIT, GAIN

Saving which get from this inovation :
1. Transformator
Transformator price 50 KVA is Rp 30.000.000
2. NH Fuse
Assumption PHB-TR has 3 NH Fuse:
3 x 200.000 =Rp 600.000
3. Outage
Outage asssumption when transformator reach 80%, that is 40 KVA.
If outage through 1 hour, 40 KVA 40 KW
40 KWH x 495 (assumption power is 900 VA) = Rp 19.800
Total saving is Rp 30.619.800

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PT PLN (PERSERO)
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The benefit which get from these innovation is

1. There are accompany between the people and PLN to protect electronic
tools of substation distribution.

CHAPTER V CLOSING
5.1 CONCLUSION
1. This innovation can assist operators in performing maintenance of PHB-TR.
2. By involving the people, the problem can be quickly distribution substations.
3. This innovation can help prevent outages and damage distribution substation
equipment.

5.2 SUGGESTION
1. Should any PHB-TR fitted locks to protect electrical equipment in the PHB-TR.

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