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A. Korytov
q2
R
r q1 q2
q1 q 2
1
F =
k
=
R 2 4 0
R2
A. Korytov
F=
m1 m2
G
2
R
me me
G
R2
qe qe
e2
FE =
k= 2k
R2
R
m2
FG / FE = 2 G / k 2 10 43
e
-43
10 : Incomprehensibly small number!!!!
FG =
A. Korytov
anti-proton
-meson
A. Korytov
R1
F2
R2
Q2
F3
F1
R3
Q3
Here are a few tips how to draw the vector forces (accurate drawing
is the key to handling vector forces):
remember that forces act on charges
to figure out the force acting on charge q in presence of other
charges, one needs to jump on charge q and count all charges
around (three in the example above: Q1, Q2, Q3)
Each of these external charges will exert a force on charge q
according to the Coulomb 's Law and you draw all three vectors of
the forces Fi, experienced by the charge q
a) starting from the point corresponding to charge q;
b) along the line connecting q and Qi;
c) in direction of attraction/repulsion according to signs of
charges q and QI;
d) and with magnitude calculated according to Coulomb's Law:
Fi =
qQ i
k
2
Ri
The net force acting on charge q is the vector sum of all these
three forces:
F = F1 + F2 +F3
A. Korytov
C=A+B
y-axis
C
B
A
x-axis
Ay =A sin
Ax =A cos
x-axis
r
A = Axi + Ay j + Az k
r
B = Bxi + By j + Bz k
r r r
C = A + B = ( Ax + Bx )i + ( Ay + By ) j + ( Az + Bz )k
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Useful Approximations
(1 + )
1 + p
e 1 +
sin
tan
2
cos 1
2
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Electric Dipole
-Q
+Q
d
-Q
(Qd ) q
k
3
x
-Q
F 2
(Qd ) q
k
3
x
-Q
+Q
-Q
(Qd ) 2
F 6
k
4
x
Note that despite the fact that both dipoles are neutral, there remains a residual week force
between them (~1/x4). Does it contradict to Coulomb's Law? No, the law is formulated for
point-like charges, while dipoles are clearly not point-like and have internal structure. This
problem is intended to help understand how neutral atoms can attract each other to make
molecules and form solid objects.
A. Korytov