Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
USA
1519
PALABRAS
>>MARIA
HINOJOSA,
HOST:
From
NPR
and
The
Futuro
Media
Group,
it's
Latino
USA.
I'm
Maria
Hinojosa.
>>ILAN
STAVANS:
There
are
words
that
sound
archaic
and
words
that
sound
new
and
words
that
constantly
change
meanings.
>>HINOJOSA:
And
those
words
or
palabras
affect
how
we
understand
each
other.
So
today,
we
talk
about
how
we
talk
and
how
some
very
popular
movie
characters
got
their
language.
>>PIERRE
COFFIN:
Well,
what's
super
cool
about
the
Spanish
language
is
that
it
ends
with
either
-AO
--
and
all
these
words,
for
some
reason
in
my
head,
that's
the
Minion
language.
>>HINOJOSA:
Plus
deaf
Latinos
facing
questions
of
identity.
All
this
and
more
coming
up
on
Latino
USA
as
we
talk
about
palabras.
I'm
Maria
Hinojosa.
Stay
with
us.
No
se
vayan.
(SOUNDBITE
OF
UNIDENTIFIED
SONG)
>>UNIDENTIFIED
ARTIST:
(Singing
in
Spanish).
>>HINOJOSA:
Welcome
to
Latino
USA.
I'm
Maria
Hinojosa.
And
today,
on
our
program,
we're
talking
about
palabras.
Palabras
means
words.
You
know,
those
things
that
we
string
together
to
make
sentences
and
hopefully
express
ideas.
Now,
here
in
our
Latino
USA
newsroom,
we
mostly
speak
English
with
each
other
during
our
workday,
but
most
of
our
staff
is
also
bilingual
so
we
end
up
mixing
in
a
bunch
of
Spanish,
too.
And
sometimes
the
words
that
we
use
actually
aren't
just
English
or
Spanish,
but
a
mix
between
the
two
--
you
know,
Spanglish.
>>JULIO
VARELA:
Oh
that's
--
that's
great...
>>HINOJOSA:
So
we
start
today's
show
in
our
conference
room,
where
we
gathered
the
entire
Latino
USA
staff
to
talk
a
little
bit
more
about
how
we
talk.
>>ANTONIA
CEREIJIDO:
Maria,
you've
been
obsessed
with
doing
this
palabras
show.
Like,
what's
up?
Why
are
you
so
obsessed
with
it?
>>HINOJOSA:
Well,
first
of
all,
as
a
writer
and
as
a
journalist,
I
love
words.
But
when
you
grow
up
bilingually,
there's
something
that
happens
where
words
can
be
really
funny.
So
I
knew
I
wanted
to
do
an
entire
show
about
palabras.
But
the
thing
that
kind
of
cemented
it
for
me
was
actually
a
story
because
I
love
the
stories
that
come
with
the
words.
So
one
day
I
was
coming
here
to
the
office
and
the
gentleman
who
does
some
of
the
cleaning
--
in
Spanish,
he
said
when
I
have
to
clean
something,
he's
like
(speaking
Spanish)
--
when
I
have
the
clean
something,
I
just
use
the
purpo.
And
I
was,
like,
the
purpo,
what's
that?
And
he
pulled
out
a
spray
can,
and
it
said
all
purpose
cleaner.
And
I
was
like
yeah,
it's
all
purpose
that
has
now
become
purpo.
And
that's
just
one
of
many,
many,
many
very
funny
stories.
>>CEREIJIDO:
So
in
even
talking
about
this
show,
we've
made
up
a
word
to
talk
about,
like,
fusing
of
words
in
different
languages,
right
Camilo?
>>CAMILO
VARGAS:
Yeah,
transwording.
It's
basically...
(LAUGHTER)
>>HINOJOSA:
Which
--
we
love
that
word.
>>VARGAS:
It's
basically
when
you're
talking
in
one
language
and
you
take
the
word
from
the
other
language
and
you
use
it
in
the
language
that
you're
actually
talking
in.
So
in
Bogota,
for
example,
we'll
usually
take
a
word
from
English
like
oh,
manes,
something
for
example.
>>VARELA:
Manes.
>>HINOJOSA:
Manes?
>>VARGAS:
So,
like,
the
word
for
dude
in
Bogota
is
mane.
>>HINOJOSA:
Une
mane.
Une
mane
is
une
dude.
>>VARGAS:
Une
mane
so
one
man
is
for
several
manes.
>>MARLON
BISHOP:
And
that
kind
of
brings
us
to
what
we
were
talking
about
a
little
bit
earlier
where
it's
not
just
about
bringing
Spanish
words
into
an
English
context.
But,
for
example,
back
in
Argentina,
there's
all
these
English
words
that
people
use,
right
Antonia?
>>CEREIJIDO:
Yeah,
words
that
they
would
never
use
in
that
way
here,
like
(speaking
Spanish)
like,
you
were
doing
something
to
the
most
of
your
ability.
Like
--
you'd
never
be
like
I
was
too
full
yesterday
or
like
(speaking
Spanish),
which
is
like
that's
super
top,
but
as
something,
like,
cool
or
awesome,
you
know?
>>HINOJOSA:
So
the
other
one
that
I
remember,
like,
my
mom,
you
know,
we
would
really
laugh
at
her
when
she
said
something
like
nios,
be
quience.
You
know,
shut
upence
and
we
just
thought
that
was
hilarious.
And,
I
mean,
to
me,
that
actually
is
like
a
transwordeo.
And,
Nancy,
what
about
you?
In
your
family,
are
there
transwordeos?
>>NANCY
TRUJILLO:
You
know,
actually
no.
We
grew
up
very
purist.
It
was
English
in
school,
Spanish
at
home.
And
if
we
ever
mixed
both
of
those
up,
she'd
say
are
you
speaking
English
or
Spanish?
>>CEREIJIDO:
How
do
you
feel
about
Spanglish?
>>TRUJILLO:
I
honestly
hate
it.
(LAUGHTER)
>>AC
VALDEZ:
What?
>>BISHOP:
How
can
you
work
in
this
office
and
believe
that?
>>TRUJILLO:
Hear
me
out.
So...
(LAUGHTER)
>>TRUJILLO:
My
godson
is
going
to
be
8
years
old,
right?
But
when
you
communicate
with
him,
he
can't
communicate
with
you
in
a
solid
language.
So
he
can't
dominate
the
Spanish;
he
can't
dominate
the
English.
So
it's
like...
>>HINOJOSA:
But
(speaking
Spanish)
because,
like,
right
there,
you
and
I
(speaking
Spanish).
>>STAVANS:
(Speaking
Spanish).
>>HINOJOSA:
Now
we
can
switch
and
we're
speaking
English,
but
that
is
not
the
definition
of
Spanglish,
right?
>>STAVANS:
I
would
say,
Maria,
that
in
order
to
be
in
the
Spanglish
state
of
mind,
three
things
need
to
happen.
One
is
you
probably
will
be
engaging
in
code
switching.
Exactly
what
you
described
as
this
(speaking
Spanish)
to
switch
in
English
and
be
comfortable
in
this
other
language
(speaking
Spanish)
and
back
constantemente.
The
second
thing
you
need
is
also
to
think
in
one
language
and
to
communicate
in
the
other.
I
can
tell
you
things
only
in
Spanish
(speaking
Spanish).
It
actually
means
I'll
call
you
back,
but
you're
translating
from
the
English.
You
were
thinking
in
the
one
langue
and
the
words
come
out
in
the
other.
And
the
third
thing,
Maria,
would
be
to
really
come
up
with
new
terms.
For
instance,
likiar
instead
of
esta
goteando
or...
>>HINOJOSA:
OK,
so
people
who
may
not
speak
Spanish
likiar,
which
mean
that
there
is
a
leak,
but
there
is
no
word
likiar
in
Spanish.
>>STAVANS:
No.
>>HINOJOSA:
It
is
gotear.
>>STAVANS:
Gotear.
>>HINOJOSA:
Right.
>>STAVANS:
There
are
words
that
by
sheer
usage
eventually
make
it
into
a
standardized,
recognized
form
and
displace
other
words.
And
that
is
the
normal
pattern
of
all
languages.
There
are
words
that
sound
archaic
and
words
that
sound
new
and
words
that
constantly
change
meanings.
>>HINOJOSA:
So
if
somebody's
last
name
is
Jimenez,
when
somebody
says
my
last
name
name
is
Gimenez,
what
goes
on
for
you
then?
Is
that
Spanglish
or
is
that
destroying
a
Spanish
language
word
forever?
>>STAVANS:
I
don't
believe
that
words
are
destroyed.
I
believe
that
words
mutate,
get
transformed.
In
the
United
States...
>>HINOJOSA:
But
how
do
you
feel
about
that?
I'm
asking
you
how
you
feel.
>>STAVANS:
I'll
tell
you
how
I
feel.
My
reaction
is
not
of
displeasure
and
of
allergy.
My
reaction
is
this
is
what
assimilation
is,
and
that
is
what
this
type
of
linguistic
territory
is
all
about.
We
have
--
at
the
end
of
the
19th
century,
in
--
the
biggest
poet
in
Latin
America,
Ruben
Dario
from
Nicaragua,
wrote
a
beautiful
poem
called
"Los
Cisnes"
--
"The
Swans"
--
in
which
he
asks
if
in
the
future
the
vast
majority
of
Latin
Americans
would
switch
to
English.
This
can
tell
you,
Maria,
already
the
kind
of
anxiety
that
was
existing
at
that
time.
Today,
we
have
the
largest
concentration
of
Latinos
in
the
--
Hispanics
in
the
United
States.
I
would
say
we
have
another
republic
of
the
many
republics
that
exist
in
Latin
America.
And
we
have
our
own
language,
which
is
this
mestizo
tongue
that
is
Spanglish
that
defines
us
and
it
gives
us
an
identity.
>>HINOJOSA:
Ilan
Stavans,
thank
you
so
much
for
joining
us.
Muchisimas
gracias,
Ilan.
>>GROSS:
Carla
says
there's
a
natural
overlap
between
Latino
and
deaf
cultures.
>>GARCIA-FERNANDEZ:
(Through
interpreter)
The
deaf
community
often
has
a
strong
emphasis
on
storytelling,
and
the
Latino
community
has
their
cuentos
as
well,
folk
tales
that
are
passed
down
through
the
generations.
And
I
think
that's
a
beautiful
opportunity
for
those
things
to
merge.
>>GROSS:
Still,
having
a
dual
identity
doesn't
resonate
with
everyone.
>>TONY
GALOFRE:
(Through
interpreter)
I
would
say
the
deaf
community
is
more
important.
>>GROSS:
That's
Tony
Galofre
speaking
through
his
interpreter.
Tony
is
in
his
early
40s.
His
dad
is
Colombian,
and
his
mother
is
from
the
Netherlands.
He
had
never
felt
at
home
within
his
family,
and
eventually
he
was
adopted
by
his
interpreter.
For
now,
he
isn't
concerned
with
feeling
Latino.
Instead,
he
longs
to
find
more
deaf
friends.
>>GALOFRE:
(Through
interpreter)
I
grew
up
as
a
deaf
person.
I
did
not
grow
up
as
a
Latino.
>>GROSS:
That's
a
perspective
that
Angela
understands.
Still,
her
deaf
personality
has
a
Cuban
tinge.
>>LAGUARDIA:
What
is
the
same?
The
facial
expression,
the
emotion,
the
lively
chatter.
Even
though
we're
not
making
a
lot
of
noise,
we're
not
quiet.
>>GROSS:
Angela's
son
Javier
isn't
quite
either.
In
sign
language,
English
and
Spanish,
he
makes
himself
heard.
>>JAVIER:
Eagle.
>>LAGUARDIA:
How
do
you
say
eagle
in
Spanish?
>>JAVIER:
El
ago
>>LAGUARDIA:
El
aguila.
>>JAVIER:
El
aguila.
>>GROSS:
For
Latino
USA,
I'm
Renee
Gross
in
Ann
Arbor,
Mich.
>>HINOJOSA:
Thanks
to
Audrey
Ulloa
and
Joe
Rice
for
providing
interpretation
for
Carla
Garcia-
Fernandez
and
Tony
Galofre.
>>MARIA
HINOJOSA,
HOST:
Heather
Hutcheson
spends
a
lot
of
her
time
thinking
about
words.
That's
because
she's
an
English
professor
at
Cosumnes
River
College
in
Sacramento,
Calif.
On
Tuesdays
and
Thursdays,
she
teaches
advanced
composition
and
creative
writing.
But
on
Wednesdays,
she
actually
leaves
the
classroom
and
heads
five
miles
down
the
road
and
a
world
away.
Tina
Rubio
has
our
story.
>>HEATHER
HUTCHESON:
We
are
in
the
Home
Depot
parking
lot
out
on
Florin
Road
in
Sacramento.
>>TINA
RUBIO,
BYLINE:
Heather
Hutcheson
comes
here
for
an
hour
every
Wednesday
afternoon
for
something
called
intercambios.
>>HUTCHESON:
Where
English
and
Spanish
exchanges
between
the
guys
waiting
for
work
out
here
on
a
regular
basis
and
my
community
college
students.
>>RUBIO:
Out
here,
she
is
called
la
maestra,
the
teacher.
Her
estudaentes
are
the
day
laborers
who
stand
side-by-side
in
a
loose
half
circle
listening.
One
of
the
workers
is
77
years
old.
He's
writing
down
the
English
words
and
phrases
he's
learning
on
a
notepad
Heather
brings.
You
said
to
us
that
we
need
to
ask
how
are
you
to
a
new
person.
>>UNIDENTIFIED
MAN
#1:
Para
el
ingles.
How
are
you
doing?
>>HUTCHESON:
Good.
>>RUBIO:
So
just
how
did
Heather
start
doing
this?
>>HUTCHESON:
I
had
the
fantastic,
amazing
opportunity
to
be
on
sabbatical
for
my
teaching
position,
go
to
Oaxaca,
Mexico.
It
was
fantastic.
And
every
Saturday,
I
would
have
this
intercambio
at
a
local
library
where
I
would
speak
with
strangers
one
hour
in
English
and
one
hour
in
Spanish.
>>RUBIO:
When
she
came
home,
she
didn't
want
the
exchanges
to
end.
And
that
drove
her
straight
to
this
parking
lot.
>>HUTCHESON:
I
pulled
up
here
and
said
I
am
recently
returning
from
Mexico,
and
I
want
to
continue
to
learn
Spanish.
And
I'm
an
English
teacher,
and
I
can
help
you
learn
English.
What
do
you
guys
think?
And
they
really
thought
I
was
insane
and
said
where's
the
classroom?
And
I
said,
this
is
the
classroom.
And
they
were
like,
but
no,
where
are
we
going
to
have
classes?
And
I
was
like,
no,
we'll
stand
out
here.
>>RUBIO:
And
why
not?
Most
every
day,
the
parking
lot
is
filled
with
dozens
of
Spanish-speaking
day
laborers
--
young
and
old,
standing
in
groups,
drinking
coffee,
chatting,
smoking
and
waiting
for
the
opportunity
to
work.
>>UNIDENTIFIED
MAN
#2:
(Speaking
Spanish).
>>HUTCHESON:
Yeah,
we're
going
to
learn
a
little
bit
of
English
and
get
some
information
about
each
other.
>>RUBIO:
What
better
topic
to
start
with
than
love?
>>HUTCHESON:
(Speaking
Spanish).
>>UNIDENTIFIED
MAN
#2:
(Speaking
Spanish).
>>HUTCHESON:
He's
not
married.
>>RUBIO:
How
about
in
love?
>>HUTCHESON:
(Speaking
Spanish).
>>UNIDENTIFIED
MAN
#2:
No
(Laughter).
>>RUBIO:
The
conversation
is
not
always
easy
for
anyone.
>>HUTCHESON:
I
think
a
lot
of
what
happens
in
the
language
exchange
is
that
we
feel
stupid
or
uncomfortable
or
even
ugly
in
a
language
that
isn't
our
native
language.
And
it's
an
uncomfortable
feeling,
but
we
all
experience
it.
And
we
have
to
really
get
over
that.
(Speaking
Spanish).
How
many
years
have
you
been
here?
>>UNIDENTIFIED
MAN
#2:
Seis
anos.
>>HUTCHESON:
Six
years.
>>RUBIO:
The
students
stumble
over
pronunciations
and
trip
on
conjugations,
but
no
one
seems
to
mind.
They're
having
fun
trying.
>>NOEL
BAKER:
I
think
it's
pretty
cool
'cause
it's
like,
you
know,
you
can
learn
something,
you
can
only
learn
it
firsthand.
>>JOEL
BAKER:
I
also
like
the
idea
'cause
I
like
the
cultural
bridge.
You
kind
of
get
to
step
over
that
bridge.
>>RUBIO:
That's
Joel
Baker,
one
of
Heather's
college
students
and
her
sister
Noel
(ph).
>>N.
BAKER:
It's
like,
as
much
as
I
sit
in
a
classroom,
until
you
immerse
yourself
in,
like,
a
different
type
of
environment
or
language,
you're
not
really
going
to
learn.
>>J.
BAKER:
You
break
down
those
boundaries
that
separates
everybody
from
one
another
because
there's
already
so
much
separation
based
on
cultural
differences,
countries,
languages
and
so
on.
>>RUBIO:
One
of
the
workers,
Pedro
Florez,
is
breaking
down
boundaries,
too.
He
says
it's
thanks
to
Heather.
>>PEDRO
FLOREZ:
It's
like,
she's
friendly,
and
she
helped
a
lot
of
people
to
speak
in
better
English
because
sometimes
when
we
speak
any
new
word,
like
in
English
or
in
Spanish,
it's
nice
to
write
and
remember
maybe
another
day
to
put
them
in
your
mind,
use
it
for
your
life.
She
gave
that
to
me.
It's
nice.
>>RUBIO:
And
now,
language
is
no
longer
a
barrier
but
a
link.
>>HUTCHESON:
There
are
no
strangers,
just
people
we
haven't
met
yet.
And
we
need
to
meet
those
people
because
they
have
a
have
a
whole
lot
to
offer,
whether
it's
a
little
bit
of
Spanish
or
polite
exchanges
or
news
about
the
world.
>>RUBIO:
For
Latino
USA,
I'm
Tina
Rubio
in
Sacramento.
>>HUTCHESON:
What
do
you
have
in
mind?
What
would
you
like
to
eat?
>>FLOREZ:
You
know
what
I
like?
>>HUTCHESON:
What
do
you
like?
>>FLOREZ:
(Speaking
Spanish)
The
company
people.
Yeah.
>>HUTCHESON:
That's
very
nice.
We
can't
eat
that.
(LAUGHTER)
>>MARIA
HINOJOSA,
HOST:
Now,
mis
queridos
listeners,
sometimes
you
know
that
it's
tricky
to
find
just
the
right
word.
And
in
those
moments,
well,
you
might
choose
to
replace
words
with
flowers.
In
the
Mediterranean
region
called
Catalonia,
they
have
actually
formalized
this
act
of
expressing
love
in
the
Feast
of
Sant
Jordi,
which
includes
roses
and
words
in
the
form
of
books.
Our
intern,
Laura
Calcada,
is
from
Catalonia,
and
she
wanted
to
explain
this
special
tradition
to
us.
>>LAURA
CALCADA,
BYLINE:
What's
your
name?
>>JESUS
SAMANIEGO:
My
name
is
Jesus
Samaniego.
>>CALCADA:
What
is
Sant
Jordi?
>>SAMANIEGO:
It's
Catalonia's
national
fest.
People
usually
gather
in
the
street,
and
men
give
roses
to
women.
And
women
give
books
to
men.
This
has
changed
through
the
years.
Now,
anyone
can
give
a
book,
and
anyone
can
receive
a
rose.
>>CALCADA:
That's
right.
Sant
Jordi
is
Catalan's
lover's
day.
I
remember
the
excitement
at
school
every
April
23
waiting
to
find
out
if
I
was
going
to
receive
a
rose
from
the
boy
I
had
a
crush
on.
And
afterwards,
in
a
sort
of
competition,
my
girlfriends
and
I
would
count
the
number
of
roses
we'd
gotten.
But
regardless
of
the
number,
at
night,
I
could
always
count
on
getting
a
rose
from
Dad.
He
brought
me
one
along
with
one
for
my
mom
and
sister.
The
story
of
Sant
Jordi
comes
from
a
legend,
and
that
story
is
very
linked
to
my
childhood.
So
I
went
to
a
celebration
of
the
Feast
of
Sant
Jordi
in
New
York
City
and
found
some
kids
to
help
me
explain
it.
>>UNIDENTIFIED
CHILD
#1:
Sant
Jordi
saved
the
princess.
>>UNIDENTIFIED
CHILD
#2:
He
killed
the
dragon.
>>CALCADA:
And
then
what
happened?
>>UNIDENTIFIED
CHILD
#2:
A
giant
rosebush
came
out,
and
he
gave
one
to
the
princess.
>>UNIDENTIFIED
CHILD
#3:
The
prince
saved
the
princess.
>>UNIDENTIFIED
CHILD
#4:
So
the
knight
gives
a
rose
to
the
princess
and
then
says
by
and
goes,
like,
bring
peace
to
other
places.
>>CALCADA:
I
also
spoke
to
Gulley
Velasco
from
Barcelona.
>>GULLEY
VELASCO:
It
was
St.
George,
actually,
who
went
to
free
a
princess
from
the
dragon.
So
he
had
to
kill
the
dragon.
And
from
the
blood
of
the
dragon,
the
legend
says,
that
it
grew
a
rosebush.
So
he
picked
a
rose,
and
gave
it
to
the
princess.
So
that's
the
origin,
I
think.
>>CALCADA:
The
legend
gave
way
to
tradition.
It
became
so
popular
that
Irish
writer
Colm
Toibin
learned
about
it
years
ago.
>>TOIBIN:
I
remember
someone
telling
me
about
it
in
the
early
'70s
that
in
Catalonia,
on
the
day,
instead
of
waving
flags
or
going
on
demonstrations,
everyone
gets
either
a
book
or
a
rose.
I
thought
it
was
the
most
beautiful
thing.
And
when
I
saw
it
first
and
watching
old
couples
in
Barcelona
-
him
with
a
big
art
book,
new,
and
her
with
be
a
bunch
of
roses,
beautiful.
And
I
thought
this
is
a
society
that
understands
something
fundamental
about
beauty
and
culture.
>>CALCADA:
Writer
Jordi
Punti
will
probably
agree.
I
ask
him
when
the
lovely
tradition
of
giving
a
rose
got
linked
to
trading
a
book.
He
said
that
as
he
understands
it,
we
have
to
go
back
to
the
1920s
to
the
streets
of
Barcelona.
>>PUNTI:
There
was
this
moment
where
Catalon
publishers
wanted
to
promote
their
books,
and
they
thought
that
because
of
the
Cervantes
and
Shakespeare
death
anniversary,
it
was
a
good
occasion
to
do
it.
And
they
started,
and
I
think
at
the
beginning,
it
was
just
one
small
publisher.
But
then
little
by
little,
everyone
was
joining
it.
>>CALCADA:
Translator,
Mary
Ann
Newman,
said
that
it
might
have
started
commercial,
but
it
has
grown
to
something
bigger.
>>NEWMAN:
The
fact
that
this
was
a
mythical
holiday
for
lovers
that
then
was
sort
of
commercialized
in
a
beautiful
way
by
booksellers
who
decided,
OK,
people
should
give
each
other
a
rose
in
a
book.
It's
a
wonderful
thing
because
I'm
sure
that
their
intentions
are
not
were
not,
you
know,
were
commercial.
But
in
fact,
the
effect
has
been
to
create
this
extraordinary
festival.
>>TOIBIN:
And
so
the
23
of
April
has
now
become
World
Book
Day.
But
what
happens
is
in
the
Catalon
towns
and
villages
on
that
day
is
a
special
thing.
It's
something
that
you
have
to
go
to
Catalonia
to
see.
>>CALCADA:
New
York
City
born
poet
Rowan
Ricardo
Phillips
said
this
year
was
a
special
Sant
Jordi
for
him
and
his
wife.
>>PHILLIPS:
Nouria
and
I
have
two
small
daughters
now.
And
what
I
do
is
I
bring
a
rose
in
a
book
for
each
of
them.
I
not
only
bought
a
rose
for
Nouria
and
the
two
girls,
but
a
book.
Book
shopping
for
a
3 -
year-old
and
a
5-month-old
is
a
lot
of
fun.
So
this,
I
think,
was
my
most
memorable
Sant
Jordi.
>>CALCADA:
For
philosopher
Jordi
Graupera,
flowers
of
the
most
basic
form
of
beauty.
And,
he
says,
giving
them
says
something
about
where
he
and
I
are
from.
>>GRAUPERA:
The
fact
that
in
Catalonia
we
have
this
tradition
of
giving
both
books
and
roses
to
our
loved
ones
gives
us
the
perfect
excuse
to
think
of
the
other
as
the
destiny
of
our
will
to
beauty.
>>CALCADA:
He
also
says
that
books
and
roses
have
more
in
common
than
we
think.
>>GRAUPERA:
I
think
books
die
too.
Sometimes
you
read
a
book,
and
at
that
moment
it
seems
to
be
very
important
to
you.
And
it
makes
an
impact
in
your
life.
Sometimes
that
impact
lasts,
but
sometimes
it
doesn't.
You
outgrow
the
book,
and
you
look
back
at
the
moment
in
which
you
felt
thrilled
by
the
book,
and
you
don't
understand
why
you
were
so
enthralled
by
it.
Whereas
sometimes
a
flower
-
a
flower
that
disappears
by
nature
-
it
dies.
It
leaves
a
lasting
impression
in
your
mind
to
the
extent
that
sometimes
we
need
to
preserve
that
flower,
maybe
within
the
pages
of
a
book.
>>CALCADA:
For
Latino
USA,
I'm
Laura
Calcada.
>>HINOJOSA:
Coming
up
on
Latino
USA...
(SOUNDBITE
OF
MINIONS)
>>HINOJOSA:
...The
surprising
story
about
how
those
little
yellow
minions
got
their
language.
Stay
with
us,
no
se
vayan.
>>SPONSORSHIP:
Support
for
NPR
comes
from
NPR
member
stations
and
from
Jane
and
Michael
Horvitz,
supporting
NPR
and
90.3
WCPN
ideastream
in
Cleveland
-
dedicated
to
building
a
more
informed
community
together
by
producing
in-depth
journalism
that
informs,
engages
and
inspires
-
and
the
William
and
Flora
Hewlett
Foundation,
helping
people
build
measurably
better
lives,
supporting
efforts
to
improve
women's
economic
opportunities
around
the
world.
More
information
is
available
at
hewlett.org.
>>MARIA
HINOJOSA,
HOST:
Welcome
back
to
your
Latino
USA,
everyone.
I'm
Maria
Hinojosa.
And
earlier
in
our
show,
we
talked
about
people
who
speak
more
than
one
language,
like
most
of
us
at
the
Latino
USA
newsroom.
But
what
about
someone
--
or
maybe
something
--
that
speak
a
made-up
language?
Producer
Antonia
Cereijido
has
our
story.
>>ANTONIA
CEREIJIDO,
BYLINE:
If
you
are
a
dedicated
Latino
USA
listener
and
you
make
it
through
all
the
credits,
you
know
that
Nancy
Trujillo
makes
it
all
happen.
>>HINOJOSA:
Nancy
Trujillo
makes
it
all
happen.
>>CEREIJIDO:
Nancy
is
our
office
manager,
and
Maria
is
100
percent
right.
Nothing
would
work
in
this
office
without
her.
But
Nancy
is
known
for
more
things
in
the
office
than
just
her
amazing
organizational
skills.
Hey,
Michael,
what's
Nancy's
favorite
thing
in
the
world?
>>MICHAEL
SIMON
JOHNSON:
Considering
that
there's
a
giant
Minion
piata
staring
me
in
the
face
right
now,
I'm
going
to
go
with
Minions.
>>CEREIJIDO:
Hey,
Marlon,
you
know
Nancy
Trujillo,
she
makes
everything
happen
in
this
office?
Can
you
tell
me
what
--
like
something
she
really
loves?
>>MARLON
BISHOP:
All
I
know
is
that
there's
more
Minions
per
capita
in
this
office
than
any
place
I've
ever
been
in
my
entire
life.
(LAUGHTER)
>>BISHOP:
So...
>>MINION:
hello.
>>CEREIJIDO:
Nancy
is
obsessed
with
the
Minions.
And
if
you
can't
recognize
their
crazy
maniacal
laughter,
they
are
these
little,
yellow,
pill-shaped
animated
characters
from
the
"Despicable
Me"
movies.
(SOUNDBITE
OF
FILM,
"DESPICABLE
ME")
>>STEVE
CARELL:
(As
Gru)
We
are
going
to
steal...
(SOUNDBITE
OF
GUNS)
>>CARELL:
(As
Gru)
Wait,
wait.
I
haven't
told
you
what
it
is
yet.
>>CEREIJIDO:
They're
the
helpers
of
Gru,
a
super
villain
voiced
by
Steve
Carell.
(SOUNDBITE
OF
FILM,
"DESPICABLE
ME")
>>CARELL:
(As
Gru)
Hey,
Dave.
Listen
up
please.
>>CEREIJIDO:
But
this
summer,
they
will
become
the
stars
in
their
own
movie
appropriately
titled
"Minions."
(SOUNDBITE
OF
FILM,
"MINIONS")
>>SANDRA
BULLOCK:
(As
Scarlett
Overkill)
Respect,
power...
>>COFFIN:
(As
Bob
the
Minion)
Banana.
>>BULLOCK:
(As
Scarlett
Overkill)
Banana.
>>CEREIJIDO:
Explain
to
us
what
we
see
on
your
desk
that's
Minion-related.
>>NANCY
TRUJILLO:
About
a
bajillion
things.
So
right
now,
just
looking
at
my
computer,
I
see
1,
2,
3,
4,
5
Minions.
>>CEREIJIDO:
On
Nancy's
desk,
there
are
Minion
drawings,
a
Minion
bucket,
a
Minion
stuffed
animal,
a
Minion
sleep
mask,
and
that
minion
pinata
Michael
was
talking
about,
it
comes
with
a
stick
that
has
a
small
Minion
on
the
end
so
you
have
to
hit
the
big
Minion
with
the
little
Minion
in
like
some
sad,
murder
Minion
situation.
(SOUNDBITE
OF
MINIONS)
>>TRUJILLO:
When
I
see
them,
I
get
extremely
happy.
I
feel
like
a
child.
I
become
a
child.
I
let
the
child
come
out.
>>CEREIJIDO:
So
was
it
when
you
first
saw
the
first
"Despicable
Me"
movie
that
you
started
getting
this
interest?
>>TRUJILLO:
So
I
thought
about
it,
and
where
this
love
and
passion
and
sort
of
excitement
for
these
came.
And
they
actually
came,
not
from
watching
the
movies,
but
watching
how
my
godson
reacted
to
them.
And
he
was
watching
the
movie
once,
and
he
was
so
excited.
So
whenever
I
saw
him,
he
was
like,
oh,
my
God,
oh,
my
God,
the
Minions,
the
Minions.
And
he
would
always
say
these
words
--
para
tu,
para
tu,
para
tu.
(SOUNDBITE
OF
FILM,
"DESPICABLE
ME")
>>COFFIN:
(As
Minion)
Yes,
para
tu
ba
boi.
>>CEREIJIDO:
Obviously
this
is
in
Spanish.
Does
your
godson
speak
Spanish
at
home?
>>TRUJILLO:
Yes,
he
does.
>>CEREIJIDO:
When
I
first
met
Nancy
a
year
ago,
I
thought
the
Minions
craze
was
a
phenomenon
specific
to
children
and
Nancy.
But
then
I
started
to
notice
that
more
and
more
Minions
GIFs
were
crowding
my
Facebook
feed.
Friends
were
sending
me
tons
of
minion
images
on
Facebook
chat.
And
guess
which
friends
were
posting
minions
--
my
Latino
friends.
You
recently
went
on
a
trip
to
Guatemala.
>>DAISY
ROSARIO:
I
did.
>>CEREIJIDO:
This
is
Daisy
Rosario,
a
fellow
producer.
She
went
to
Guatemala
and
came
back
with
a
small
knitted
Minion
for
Nancy.
Daisy
was
surprised
to
even
find
it.
>>ROSARIO:
They're
selling
scarves,
they're
selling
coin
purses,
they're
selling
little
bits
of
jewelry.
There's
no
real
semblance
of
popular
culture,
except
for
Minions.
What
is
it
about
these
Minions
that,
like,
even
in
this,
you
know,
kind
of
very
rural,
like,
very
remote
part
of
Central
America,
like,
people
are,
like,
yeah,
Minions?
>>CEREIJIDO:
In
the
trailer
for
the
new
movie,
the
Minions
say
things
like...
(SOUNDBITE
OF
FILM,
"MINIONS")
>>COFFIN:
(As
Minion)
Ai
yai
yai.
>>CEREIJIDO:
And...
(SOUNDBITE
OF
FILM,
"MINIONS")
>>COFFIN:
(As
Minion)
Tres
bella
con
la
papaya.
>>CEREIJIDO:
So
I
went
directly
to
the
man
who
would
know
better
than
anyone
to
ask
a
question
that
was
killing
me.
Are
the
Minions
Latino?
>>PIERRE
COFFIN:
Well,
I
don't
want
to
be
rude
or
anything,
but
not
not
at
all
(laughter).
>>CEREIJIDO:
This
is
Pierre
Coffin.
He
was
a
co-director
on
the
"Despicable
Me"
movies
and
is
currently
co-directing
the
upcoming
"Minions"
one.
And
on
top
of
that,
he
is
the
voice
of
all
the
minions.
>>COFFIN:
Every
time
there
was
a
crowd
scene,
I
would
like
--
oh,
God,
I
got
to
do,
like,
all
these
different
tracks
of,
like,
all
the
Minions
yelling
and
stuff.
(SOUNDBITE
OF
FILM,
"MINIONS")
>>COFFIN:
(As
Minions,
yelling).
There
was
no
information
in
the
script
as
to
whether
they
should
speak
or
not.
>>CEREIJIDO:
In
the
first
"Despicable
Me"
movie,
the
Minions
really
only
say
a
couple
words
here
and
there.
But
Pierre
was
already
starting
to
experiment.
(SOUNDBITE
OF
FILM,
"DESPICABLE
ME")
>>COFFIN:
(As
Minion,
making
sounds).
I
could
actually
express,
like,
anger
or
happiness,
laughter
or
sadness,
whatever
with
ridiculous
words
put
together.
>>CEREIJIDO:
But
for
"Despicable
Me
2,"
the
Minions
had
to
speak
more.
And
so
their
language
had
to
get
a
bit
more
sophisticated.
>>COFFIN:
Do
you
know
that
movie
with
Sean
Connery
called
"The
Name
Of
The
Rose"?
>>CEREIJIDO:
No,
I
haven't
seen
it.
>>COFFIN:
It's
a
movie
with
monks.
And
one
of
the
monks
is
actually
play
by
Ron
Perlman,
I
think.
And
he
speaks
all
the
languages
of
the
world.
(SOUNDBITE
OF
FILM,
"THE
NAME
OF
THE
ROSE")
>>RON
PERLMAN:
(As
Salvatore)
Watch
out
for
the...
(speaking
foreign
languages).
>>COFFIN:
When
I
saw
it,
at
first,
I
thought
it
was
like
really
magic
just
because
I
could
understand
everything
because
of
the
nature
of
all
the
words.
>>CEREIJIDO:
Pierre
didn't
set
out
to
create
a
whole
new
language
like
"Star
Trek"
did
with
Klingon
or
"Lord
Of
The
Rings"
did
with
Elvish.
He
wanted
recognizable
words.
>>COFFIN:
To
actually
stick
those
words,
you
know,
coming
from
all
over
the
world
or
made
up
words
just
with
that
melody
that
makes
it
sound
like
it's
someone
speaking
with
a
natural
flow
and
stick
that
into
the
visual
of,
like,
a
yellow
guy
with
one
eye
speaking
to
another
one.
Then
you've
got
something
that's
really
weird.
(LAUGHTER)
>>CEREIJIDO:
When
Pierre
first
started
voicing
the
Minions,
he
just
improvised.
>>COFFIN:
Then
I
realized,
like,
hearing
it
back
that
I
was
--
I
could
hear
myself
thinking
about
the
next
word
I
was
going
to
say.
I
have
this
book
in
front
of
me
right
now
where
I
sort
of
wrote
every
sentence
that
I
wrote
for
the
movie.
>>CEREIJIDO:
He
read
me
some
of
the
dialogue
that
didn't
make
it
into
the
movie.
>>COFFIN:
(Speaking
Minion
language).
Let
me
read
you
another
one,
like,
(speaking
Minion
language).
>>CEREIJIDO:
What's
up
with
all
of
the
food
references?
>>COFFIN:
Well,
all
the
Minion
stuff
is
just
all
about
food
actually.
Like,
they
crave
for
bananas.
They
express
themselves
like
in
food
terms.
I
have
this
whole
collection
of
food
menus
here
from
restaurants
around
here.
(LAUGHTER)
>>COFFIN:
It's
just
like
--
and
Indian
food
being
obviously
the
most
nice-sounding
things,
like,
chicken
biryani
or
chicken
tikka
masala.
The
choice
of
the
words
are
mostly
about
their
melodic
values
and
how
natural
the
words
can
be
in
a
sentence.
>>CEREIJIDO:
And
Pierre
finds
that
Spanish
words
can
sound
natural.
>>COFFIN:
Well,
what's
super
cool
about
the
Spanish
language
is
that
it
ends
with
either
A,
O
--
and
all
these
words,
I
--
for
some
reason
in
my
head,
that's
the
Minion
language.
>>CEREIJIDO:
But
on
top
of
that,
there's
a
sort
of
functional
reason
for
the
Spanish
words.
I
don't
want
to
get
too
complicated,
but
part
of
the
Minions'
back
story
is
that
they
have
been
around
since
the
beginning
of
time.
And
because
of
that,
their
language
is
an
accumulation
of
all
the
languages
they've
heard
throughout
all
of
history.
>>COFFIN:
Since,
you
know,
Spanish
is
the
fourth
language
that
--
the
most
spoken
in
the
world...
>>CEREIJIDO:
He's
close.
It's
the
second
most
spoken
language.
>>COFFIN:
...It
makes
total
sense
that
it
pops
out,
like,
as
much
as
it
does.
>>CEREIJIDO:
At
this
point,
I
had
to
return
to
my
original
question.
I
haven't
seen
the
final
"Minions"
movie,
obviously
it's
not
out.
But
I
have
seen...
>>COFFIN:
Almost
done,
almost
done.
(LAUGHTER)
>>CEREIJIDO:
I
have
seen
all
of
the
trailers,
and,
you
know,
they
arrived
to
New
York
City
in
a
boat.
And
I
have
to
tell
you,
I
work
in
an
office
where
we
deal
with
Latino
issues
so
I
think
about
immigration
a
lot.
But
are
the
Minions
immigrants?
>>COFFIN:
(Laughter)
Well,
you
--
man,
I've
never
thought
of
that.
>>CEREIJIDO:
(Laughter)
I
don't
know
--
I
was
--
it's
so
funny
because
I
was
watching
the
trailers
under
this
hole
--
this
thinking
of
like,
why
is
it
such
a,
like,
Latino
phenomenon?
And
I
was,
like,
I
don't
know,
they're
coming
to
the
U.S.
They
don't
speak
English.
They're
looking
to,
like,
service
someone
in
their
home.
>>COFFIN:
Oh,
man.
>>CEREIJIDO:
It's
like...
>>COFFIN:
Now,
that
you're
saying
it,
yeah.
(LAUGHTER)
>>COFFIN:
But
I
never
--
yeah,
it's
all
about
Latinos,
yeah
(laughter).
(SOUNDBITE
OF
MUSIC)
>>CEREIJIDO:
Maybe
I
was
looking
at
this
Minions
thing
all
wrong.
Maybe
it's
not
so
much
that
the
Minions
are
popular
with
Latinos,
but
rather
that
Latinos
have
helped
make
the
Minions
hugely
popular.
One
in
four
movie
tickets
sold
in
the
U.S.
is
bought
by
a
Latino.
And
if
we
go
even
deeper,
Latina
women
above
25
are
the
most
frequent
moviegoers.
So
there's
a
good
chance
that
these
are
moms
looking
for
a
good
movie
to
take
their
kids
to.
>>COFFIN:
I
have
the
feeling
that
everyone
is
expecting
this
movie
to
be
for
small
children.
And
it
totally
isn't,
actually.
Since
I
became
a
father,
I
bring
my
kids
often
to
see,
like,
movies
and
stuff.
And
I
just
can't
stand,
like,
movies
that
are
just
for
kids
because,
like,
the
poor
adults
that
are
there
to
--
just
to
accompany
their
kids,
man,
I
feel
for
them.
And
I
just
hate
it
when
it's
just
for
one
audience,
when
if
it's
cleverly
written,
it's
for
everyone.
>>CEREIJIDO:
Ticket
sales
even
tripled
in
Latin
America
between
the
first
"Despicable
Me"
movie
and
the
second.
But
beyond
that,
the
movie
has
made
hundreds
of
millions
of
dollars
internationally.
I
figured
part
of
the
popularity
was
that
the
Minions
don't
speak
one
language
so
they
don't
have
to
be
dubbed
for
foreign
markets.
>>COFFIN:
Yeah,
that's
what
I
thought
naively.
But
then
I
spent,
like,
maybe
two
weeks
and
a
half,
maybe
soon
three,
just
replacing
words
here
and
there.
But
I
sometimes
make
up
words
that
means,
like,
offensive
stuff
or
describe,
like,
male
anatomy
a
little
bit
too
much.
(LAUGHTER)
>>CEREIJIDO:
Why
do
you
think
that
the
minions
have
struck
this
cord
with
so
many
people?
>>COFFIN:
It
almost
feels
like
you
can
feel
the
character
behind
the
character.
You
can
feel
like
a
real
life
behind
the
characters.
It's
not
just
characters
that
are
wacky
and
funny.
They
also
have
a
soul.
And
I
think
people
feel
that.
>>CEREIJIDO:
Well,
I
know
at
least
one
person
who
certainly
feels
that
way
--
Nancy.
So
when
Pierre
offered
to
show
me
how
he
records
the
dialogue
for
the
Minions,
I
had
one
final
request.
Just
'cause
I
have
to
ask,
do
you
think
there's
any
chance
that
you
could
include
Nancy's
name
in
anything
you
say?
>>TRUJILLO:
Oh,
Nancy?
Oh,
yeah,
sure.
OK.
>>CEREIJIDO:
He
records
slow.
>>COFFIN:
(As
Minion
#1)
Hello,
hello.
Hey,
Stuart.
Por
y
no
Nancy
Trujillo.
(As
Stuart
the
Minion)
Nancy?
Nancy
que?
(As
Minion
#1)
Trujillo.
>>CEREIJIDO:
Then
speeds
it
up
to
normal.
>>COFFIN:
(As
Minion
#1)
Trujillo.
Trujillo
stupido.
(As
Stuart
the
Minion)
No
comprendo.
Ciao.
(LAUGHTER)
>>TRUJILLO:
That
is
the
best.
Oh,
my
God.
I
love
Antonia.
(SOUNDBITE
OF
SONG,
"HAPPY")
>>PHARRELL:
(Singing)
Because
I'm
happy.
Clap
along
if
you
feel
like
a
room
without
a
room.
Because
I'm
happy.
Clap
along
if
you
feel
like
happiness
is...
>>CEREIJIDO:
Making
Latino
USA
dreams
come
true,
I'm
Antonia
Cereijido.
and
certain
voices
are
marginalized
even
within
English.
And
language
justice
can
provide
us
the
conceptual
tools
to
think
about
those
questions
and
those
issues
and
how
to
create
spaces
where
everyone
can
participate
fully
even
within
one
language.
>>HINOJOSA:
(Speaking
Spanish).
Oh,
OK,
sorry
about
that.
To
learn
more
about
Antena
Los
Angeles,
check
out
our
website
latinousa.org.
And
mis
queridos,
that's
it
for
this
week.
Latino
USA
is
produced
by
A.C.
Valdez,
Leda
Hartman,
Daisy
Rosario,
Marlon
Bishop,
Michael
Simon
Johnson,
Camilo
Vargas
and
Antonia
Cereijido.
Our
engineer
is
Cornelius
McMoyler.
Nadia
Reiman
is
our
musical
consultant.
Nancy
Trujillo
makes
it
all
happen.
Our
intern
Laura
Calcada.
And
Laura,
thank
you
so
much
for
your
energy,
for
your
passion,
for
your
ideas
and
enthusiasm
and
muchas
gracias.
Special
thanks
this
week
to
Sarah
Elzas.
Our
show
was
founded
at
the
University
of
Texas
at
Austin.
I'm
your
host
and
executive
producer,
Maria
Hinojosa.
Join
us
again
next
week.
And
in
the
meantime,
you
can
find
us
on
Facebook,
Twitter
and
Tumblr.
And
I'll
see
you
on
Instagram.
Hasta
la
proxima
everyone.
>>SPONSORSHIP:
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part
by
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John
D.
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more
just
and
equitable
society
for
all.
The
Ford
Foundation;
dedicated
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working
with
visionaries
on
the
frontlines
of
social
change
worldwide.
And
the
Carnegie
Corporation
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New
York;
supporting
innovations
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education,
democratic
engagement
and
the
strengthening
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international
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at
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