ActNo.

22oftheYear2006

relatingtotheProtectionofCopyrightandNeighbouringRights

We,HamadbinIsaAlKhalifa,KingoftheKingdomofBahrain,havingexamined:

TheConstitution

TheCivilandCommercialProceduresActissuedbyDecreeLawNo.12of1971,and
amendments

ThePenalCodeissuedbyDecreeLawNo.15of1976,andamendments

DecreeLawNo.10of1993regardingtheProtectionofCopyrights

DecreeLawNo.7of1994regardingRatificationoftheDocumentEstablishingtheWorld
TradeOrganisation

DecreeLawNo.30of1996approvingAccessiontotheBerneConventionforthe
ProtectionofLiteraryandArtisticWorks

TheCivilCodeissuedbyDecreeLawNo.19of2001

TheCodeofCriminalProcedureissuedbyDecreeLawNo.46of2002

DecreeLawNo.47of2002regulatingthePress,PrintingandPublishing

ActNo.14of2004approvingtheAccessionoftheKingdomofBahraintotheWIPO
CopyrightTreaty

ActNo.15of2004approvingtheAccessionoftheKingdomofBahraintotheWIPO
PerformancesandPhonogramsTreaty

ActNo.1of2005approvingtheAccessionoftheKingdomofBahraintotheInternational
ConventionfortheProtectionofPerformers,ProducersofPhonogramsandBroadcasting
Organisations

DecreeNo.1of1995regardingtheAccessionoftheKingdomofBahraintothe
ConventionEstablishingtheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganisation(WIPO),

do,withtheapprovaloftheConsultativeCouncilandtheCouncilofRepresentatives,ratifyand
issuethefollowingAct:

SectionI

Definitions

Article1

ForthepurposesofapplyingtheprovisionsofthisAct,thefollowingwordsand

expressionsshallhavethemeaningsgivenbelow,unlessthecontextrequiresadifferent
meaning:
Kingdom
TheKingdomofBahrain.
CompetentAuthority
TheAuthorityresponsibleforprotectingcopyrightsand
neighbouringrights.
TheMinister
TheMinisterinchargeofthecompetentAuthority.
Author
Thenaturalpersonwhocreatesthework
Awork
Anycreatedcompositioninthefieldsofliterature,theartsor
science.
Audiovisualwork
Anyworkmadeupofasequenceofinterconnectedimages
whichgivestheimpressionofmovement,whetherornot
accompaniedbysound.
Collectivework
Aworkcreatedwiththeparticipationofmorethanone
author,attheinitiativeandundertheguidanceofanaturalor
juridicalpersonwhopledgestopublishitinhisname,andin
whichthecontributionofeachauthorisassimilatedinto
achievingtheoverallgoalsoughtbythatperson.
Jointwork
Aworkcreatedwiththeparticipationofmorethanone
author,whetherornoteachindividualcontributioncanbe
distinguishedfromtheothers,andwhichcannotbeclassified
asacollectivework.
Derivedwork
Aworkwhichderivesitsoriginfromapreviouslyexisting
work,orfromfolklore.
Bahrain_Law_22


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Folklore
Anycompositiontakenfrominheritedtraditionbeitoral,
musicalorofmovementasexpressedindistinctelements
reflectingapopulartraditionalheritagewhicharose,
developedandisconservedinaspecificgeographicalarea,
andwhichcannotbeattributedtoaknownauthor,
particularlyincludingthefollowing:
(a)
Popularstories,sayings,riddlesandslogans.
(b)
Popularsongsaccompaniedbymusic.
(c)
Populardancesandshows.
(d)
Theproductsofpopularart,suchassketchesorcoloured
drawings,sculptures,potteryandceramics,woodandmetal
carvings,ornamentation,needlework,textiles,rugsand
tapestries,clothing,musicalinstrumentsandbuildingstyles.
Phonogram
Thefixationofanysounds,whetherornotemittedbya
performer,orthefixationofanyrepresentationofthose
sounds.Thisdoesnotincludethefixationofsounds
accompanyinganaudiovisualwork.
Neighbouringrights
Therightsofperformers,ofproducersofphonograms,and
ofbroadcastingorganisations.
Performers
Actors,singers,musicians,dancersandotherpartieswho
act,sing,recite,chant,orinanywayperformanyofthe
following:
(a)
Works,whetherprotectedorunprotectedbytheprovisionsof
thisAct,orwhichhavepassedintothepublicdomaindueto
theexpiryoftheperiodofprotection.
(b)
Folklore.
Producersofphonograms
Thenaturalorjuridicalpersonswho,ontheirowninitiative
andresponsibility,firstfixsoundsorfirstfixany
representationofthosesounds.
Producerofaudiovisualworks Thenaturalorjuridicalpersonswhotakeinitiativeand
responsibilityforpreparinganaudiooraudiovisualwork.
BroadcastingOrganisation
Theauthoritywhichtransmitssounds,orimagesand
sounds,bywirelessmeans.
Broadcasting
Thetransmissionbywirelessmeansforpublicreceptionof
sounds,orofimagesandsounds,orofanyrepresentation
thereof.Thisalsoincludestransmissionviasatellite.
Broadcastingisconsideredtoincludethetransmissionof

encryptedsignals,incaseswherethepublicisgrantedthe
meanstodecodethosesignalsbyandwiththeconsentof
broadcastingorganisations.
Broadcastingisnotconsideredtoincludetransmissionover

acomputernetwork,oranyothertransmissionwhereby
individualmembersofthepubliccanchoosewhenand
wheretoreceivethesignal.
Publicperformance
Thisincludesplaying,acting,singing,dancing,recitingor
narratinganywork,eitherdirectly,viasomedeviceorbyany
othermeans,ifthistakesplaceinalocationinwhichparties
otherthanfamilymembersandfriendscanbepresent.
PublicCommunication
Thetransmission,eitherbycableorbywirelessmeans,ofa
work,performanceorphonogram.Thisincludesmaking
themavailableinsuchawaythatindividualmembersofthe
publiccanaccessthatwork,performanceorphonogramin
theplaceandatthetimetheychoose.
Fixation
Anyphysicalembodimentofimagesand/orsounds,andany
physicalembodimentofarepresentationofimagesand/or


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sounds,bywhichtheycanbeperceived,reproducedor
conveyedusingsuitablemeans.
Publication
Makingphysicalcopiesofawork,recordedperformanceor
phonogramlegallyaccessibletothepublic,inawaythat
meetsreasonablepublicrequirementsandtakesaccountof
thenatureofthework,recordedperformanceorphonogram.
Copiesaremadelegallyaccessibletothepublicwhenthisis

donewiththeagreementoftherightfulparty.
Reproduction
Themakingofoneormorecopiesofawork,performanceor
phonogram,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,andinanyformor
usinganymeans,includingprinting,photography,recording,
orpermanentortemporaryelectronicstorage.
RightsManagementinformationTheinformationwhichtherightfulpartyofhisownvolition
attachestoacopyofthework,recordedperformanceor
phonogram,orwhichemergeswhenthework,recorded
performanceorphonogramisconveyedormadeavailableto
thepublic:Thisincludesthefollowing:
(a)
Identificationtothework,itsauthorandtheholderofany
rightstothework.
(b)
Identificationoftheperformance,theperformer,the
phonogram,theprogramproducerandtheownerofany
rightsovertheperformanceorphonogram.
(c)
Conditionsandrulesforutilisingthework,performanceor
phonogram.
(d)
Anynumbersorcodessymbolisingtheaboveinformation.
Effectivetechnicalmeasures Anytechnique,meansorcomponentwhich,inthecourseof
normaluse,controlaccesstoawork,recordedperformance
orphonogram,orwhichprotectanyofthecopyrightsor
neighbouringrightsstipulatedunderthisAct.

SectionII

TheScopeofCopyrightProtection

Article2

ProtectionunderthisActisaccordedtoliterary,artisticandscientificworks,merelyby

virtueoftheirhavingbeencreatedandwithnoneedforanyformalmeasures,irrespectiveofthe
value,typeorpurposeofthoseworks,ortheirformormannerofexpression.Inparticular,
protectionincludesthefollowingworks:
(a) Books,pamphlets,articlesandotherwritings.
(b) Computerprograms,whetherinsourcelanguageormachinelanguage.
(c) Worksthataredeliveredorally,suchaslectures,speeches,sermonsandothersimilar
works.
(d) Dramaticworks,dramaticmusicalworks,worksofdance,worksofmimeandotherworks
createdtobeperformed.
(e) Musicalworks,eitherwithorwithoutwords.
(f) Audiovisualworkssuchasworksforcinemaandtelevision.
(g) Sketchesorcoloureddrawings,sculpture,carvingandprintingonstone,cloth,woodor
metal,andanyothersimilarworks.
(h) Worksoftheappliedarts.
(i) Worksofphotographyandsimilarworks.
(j) Illustrations,geographicalmaps,plansanddesigns(sketches),threedimensionalworks
relativetogeography,topography,buildingorscience.
Thetitleoftheworkenjoysthesameprotectionastheworkitself,ifthattitlehasbeen

created.


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Article3

ProtectionunderthisActisaccordedtoderivedworks.Inparticularthisincludes:

(a) Translations,musicalarrangementsoradaptations.
(b) Collectionsofworksoroffolkloresuchasencyclopaediasoranthologies,anddatabases,
readableeitherbycomputerorothermeans,aslongascreativityexistsintheselectionor
arrangementofthecontentsofthosecollectionsanddatabases.
Noneofthisshallinfringetheprotectionaccordedtotheoriginalworksfromwhichthese

workswerederived.

Article4

Protectionisnotaccordedtothefollowing:

(a) Mereideas,procedures,workingmethods,mathematicalconcepts,principles,discoveries
ordata.
(b) Legislation,judgementsandjudicialdecrees,thejudgementofarbitrators,decisions
issuedbyadministrativecommitteespossessingjudicialprerogatives,internationaltreatiesand
allotherofficialdocumentsandofficialtranslationsthereof.
(c) Newsofcurrentaffairswhenofapurelyinformativenature.
Nevertheless,collectionsoftheaboveelementsdoenjoyprotectionifcreativityexistsin

theselectionorarrangementofthecontents.

SectionIII

TheAuthor'sLiteraryandEconomicRights

Article5

1. Theauthorenjoysperpetualliteraryrightswhicharenonprescribableandinalienable.
Theseare:
(a) Therighttodecideonthefirstpublicationofhiswork,andtodesignatethemeansand
timingofsuchpublication.
(b) Therighttohavetheworkattributedtohim;specifically,therighttohavehisnameplaced
onallcopiesoftheworkwhenthatispossibleinthecustomarymanner.
(c) Therightforhisnametoremainunknown,ortouseapseudonym.
(d) Therighttoprohibitanydistortion,defacement,modificationorinfringementofhiswork
whichcoulddamagehishonourorreputation.
(e) Therighttoprohibithisworkbeingputintocirculation,ortowithdrawitfromcirculation,
evenifhehasalreadysurrenderedhiseconomicrights,ifseriousreasonsarisewhichjustify
suchanaction.Inthiscase,theauthormustrequestthecompetentcourttoissueajudgement
topreventhisworkbeingputintocirculation,ortowithdrawittherefrom.Ifthecourtacceptsthe
author'sapplicationitshallrequirehimtopayadequateadvancecompensationtothepartyto
whomtherightshavedevolved,withinadeadlineestablishedbythecourt.Ifhefailstodoso,
thecourt'sjudgementshallbenull.
Alienation,eitherwithorwithoutcompensation,ofanyoftheauthor'sliteraryrightsis

invalid.
2. Theaforementionedrightsshallalsobeexercisedbytheauthor'sdescendents,orbythe
competentAuthorityiftheauthorhasnodescendents.

Article6

Theauthorandhisdescendantsenjoythefollowingexclusiveeconomicrights:

(a) Toreproducethework.
(b) Totranslatetheworkintoanotherlanguage,toarrangeitmusicallyortoadaptitinto
anotherform.
(c) Todistributetheoriginalorcopiesoftheworktothepublic,viasaleoranyotherformof
transferofownership.


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(d) Torent,forcommercialpurposes,theoriginalorcopiesofaworkintheformofa
phonogram,acinematicworkoracomputerprogram.
(e) Toperformtheworkinpublic.
(f) Todisplaytheoriginalorcopiesoftheworktothepublic,byanymeans.
(g) Tobroadcastthework.
(h) Toconveytheworktothepublic.

Article7

Exclusiverentalrightisnotapplicabletoacomputerprogramunlesstheprogramitselfis
theessentialobjectoftherental.

Article8

Takingdueaccountofarticle36ofthisAct,therightfulpartyorhisdescendantsmay
transferanyoftheireconomicrightseitheralltogetherorsinglytoathirdparty,orauthorise
thatpartytoutilisethemonthebasisofawrittencontract.

Article9

Takingdueaccountofarticle36ofthisAct,theauthororhisdescendantsmayagreeto
acceptremunerationincashorinkind,inexchangefortransferringanyoftheeconomicrights
oftheworktoathirdparty,orforallowingthatpartytoutilisethem.Thismaybeonthebasisof
arelativeshareintherevenueresultingfromtheutilisationofthoserights,ortheauthororhis
descendantsmayagreeonadesignatedsum,oracombinationofthesetwosolutions.

Article10

Themerefactthatanauthordisposesoftheoriginalorofacopyofhiswork,whatever
formsuchdispositionmaytake,doesnotmeanhecedesanyofhiseconomicrightstothat
work.Nevertheless,thepartytowhomsuchdispositionismademaynotbecompelledtoallow
theauthortoreproducethework,toexhibittheoriginalortoconveyittothepublic,unless
writtenagreementexiststothecontrary.

Article11

Anauthor'seconomicrightstohispublishedworksmaybeseized.However,economic
rightstoaworktheauthorofwhichdiesbeforeitspublicationmaynotbeseized,unlessitis
decisivelyprovedthatheintendedtopublishitbeforehisdeath.

Article12

Takingdueaccountofarticle36ofthisAct,anydispositionanauthormakesofhisfuture
intellectualopusisinvalid.

Article13*

ThecompetentAuthorityshallestablisharegisterintowhichshallbeentered,followinga
requestmadebytherightfulpartyofhisownvolition,anydispositionsmadevisvisthe
author'seconomicrightsstipulatedinthisAct.

Theeffectivenessofanyofthesedispositionsshallnotbedependantupontheirbeing
enteredintotheregister.

ThisarticlewasamendedbyActNo.12of2008,annexedattheendofthisvolume.


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EntryintotheregistershallberegulatedbyadecisionissuedbytheMinister.Suchentry

shallnecessitatepaymentofafee,thecategoriesofwhicharedefinedbydecisionofthe
Minister,afterhavingobtainedtheagreementoftheCouncilofMinisters.

SectionIV
NeighbouringRights
Article14

1. Performersenjoyperpetualliteraryrightswhicharenonprescribableandinalienable.
Theseare:
(a) Therighttohavetheperformance,whetherliveorrecorded,attributedtothem,exceptin
casesdictatedbythemannerinwhichtheperformanceisused.
(b) Therighttoprohibitanydistortion,defacement,modificationorinfringementoftheir
performancewhichcoulddamagetheirhonourorreputation.
Alienation,eitherwithorwithoutcompensation,ofanyoftheserightsisinvalid.

2. Theaforementionedrightsshallalsobeexercisedbytheperformer'sdescendents,orby
thecompetentAuthorityiftheperformerhasnodescendents.

Article15

Performersenjoythefollowingexclusiveeconomicrights:

(a) Tobroadcasttheirunrecordedperformanceandconveyittothepublic,unlessthe
performancehasalreadybeenbroadcastwiththeirconsent.
(b) Torecordtheirunrecordedperformance.
(c) Toreproducetheirrecordedperformance.
(d) Todistributetheoriginalorcopiesoftheirrecordedperformancetothepublic,viasaleor
anyotherformoftransferofownership.
(e) Torenttothepublic,forcommercialpurposes,theoriginalorcopiesoftheirrecorded
performance.
(f) Toconveytheirperformancetothepublic.
Theprovisionsofthisarticledonotapplyiftheperformersagreetotheinclusionoftheir

performanceinanaudiovisualwork.

Article16

Producersofphonogramsenjoythefollowingexclusiveeconomicrights:

(a) Toreproducetheirphonograms.
(b) Todistributetheoriginalorcopiesoftheirphonogramstothepublic,viasaleoranyother
formoftransferofownership.
(c) Torenttothepublic,forcommercialpurposes,theoriginalorcopiesoftheirphonograms.
(d) Toconveytheirphonogramstothepublic.
(e) Tobroadcasttheirphonograms.

Article17

Broadcastingorganisationsenjoythefollowingexclusiveeconomicrights:

(a) Torecordtheirprogrammes.
(b) Toreproducetheirrecordedprogrammes.
(c) Toretransmittheirprogrammes.
(d) Toconveytheirtelevisionprogrammestothepublic.

Article18


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1. Theprovisionsofarticles8to13ofthisActapplytoanydispositionsmaderelatingtothe
economicrightsofholdersofneighbouringrights,totheregisteringofthoserightsandthe
seizureofthereof.
2. WithoutdetrimenttotherightslaiddowninthisAct,producersofphonogramsand
broadcastingorganisationshavetherighttoadequatecompensation,ononeoccasion,forthe
liveornonliveutilisationofphonogramsorradioortelevisionprogrammes,madepublicfor
commercialpurposesbybroadcastingorconveyancetothepublicinanyway,unlesswritten
agreementexiststothecontrary.

SectionV
FreeUsage
Article19

Itislawfultomakeasinglecopyofalegallypublishedoriginalwork,orofalegalcopy

thereof,forpurelypersonalusewithouttheconsentoftheauthorandwithoutpaying
compensation.Thisdoesnotapplytothefollowing:
(a) Reproducingworksofarchitectureintheformofbuildingsoranyotherconstruction.
(b) Makingaphotocopiedreproductionofa(written)work,eitherinitsentiretyora
fundamentalpartthereof.
(c) Makingaphotocopiedreproductionofaworkofsheetmusic,eitherinitsentiretyora
largepartthereof.
(d) Makingatotalorpartialreproductionofdatabasesindigitalformat.
(e) Reproducingcomputerprograms,unlesspursuanttotheprovisionsofarticle26ofthis
Act.

Article20

Itislawfultomakeatemporaryreproductionofanyworkwithouttheconsentoftheauthor

andwithoutpayingcompensation,underthefollowingconditions:
(a) Thatthereproductionisanincidentalandintegralpartoftheprocessoftransmittinga
workbetweendifferentpartiesoveranetwork,orispartofaprocessthatinvolvesenabling
accesstoalegalcopyofadigitallystoredwork.
(b) Thatthereproductionismadebyapersonauthorised,bytherightfulpartyorbylaw,
eithertotransmitortoundertaketheprocessindicatedintheprecedingclause.
(c) Thatthereproductiontakesplaceinthecontextofstepswhich,fromatechnical
standpoint,areincidentalandinevitableinordertoaccomplishalawfulaction,andinaway
whichguaranteestheautomaticcancellationofthecopy,withnopossibilityofretrievingitfor
anypurposeotherthanthosementionedinthetwoprecedingclauses.

Article21

Itislawfultoundertakethefollowingactionswithouttheconsentoftheauthorandwithout

payingcompensation,onconditionthatmentionismadeofthesource,andofthenameofthe
authorifitappearsinthesource:
(a) Reproducingashortsegmentofalegallypublishedworkinordertociteitinanotherwork,
aslongasthecitationisusedforalegalpurposeandinthedegreenecessarytoachievethat
purpose.
(b) Usingalegallypublishedliteraryorartisticworkinpublications,radioortelevision
programmesoraudiovisualrecordings,asameansofclarificationforpurposesofeducation,if
undertakenbynonprofiteducationalinstitutions.
(c) Makingaphotographicreproductionofanarticle,briefextractsofawork,orashortwork,
allofwhichhavebeenlegallypublished,foreducationalpurposeswithinnonprofiteducational
institutions,onconditionthatthisinvolvesonlyasinglecopy,orseparateoccasions,andinthe
degreenecessarytoachievethosepurposes.


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Article22

Inthefollowingtwocircumstances,itislawfulfornonprofitarchivesorlibrariestomake

onephotocopyofaworkwithouttheconsentoftheauthorandwithoutpayingcompensation:
(a) Ifthereproductionismadeforthebenefitofanyofthoseinstitutions,andthenewcopy
replacesanoriginalwhichhasbeenlost,destroyed,orisunfitforuse,andifitisdifficultto
obtainareplacementoriginalunderreasonableconditions.
(b) Ifthereproductionisofapublishedarticle,briefextractsofawork,orashortwork,when
thearchiveorlibraryissatisfiedthatthepurposeofthereproductionistorespondtoarequest
byanaturalpersonwhowishestouseitfornoncommercialstudyorresearch,thatthe
reproductionismadejustonceoronseparateandunrelatedoccasions,andthatnocollective
licenceisavailabletoauthorisesuchcopying.

Article23

Itislawful,withouttheconsentoftheauthorandwithoutpayingcompensation,tomakea

reproductionfromaworktobeusedinjudicialoradministrativeprocedures,withinthelimits
necessaryforsuchproceduresandonconditionthatmentionismadeofthesource,andofthe
nameoftheauthorifitappearsinthesource.

Article24

Itislawful,withouttheconsentoftheauthorandwithoutpayingcompensation,andon

conditionthatmentionismadeofthesource,andofthenameoftheauthorifitappearsinthe
source:
(a) Toreproduceinthepress,tobroadcastortoconveytothepublicbymeansofcableany
ofthefollowing:
1. Extractsfromarticlespublishedinnewspapersorperiodicalsaboutcurrenteconomic,
socialorreligiousaffairs.
2. Extractsfrombroadcastworkshavingthesamecharacteristicsasthosementionedinthe
precedingclause.
Thisappliestocaseswheretherighttoauthorisesuchreproduction,broadcastingor

conveyancetothepublicbymeansofcableisnotexplicitlyreservedtotherightfulparty.
(b) Toreproduceormakepubliclyavailableinordertoprovidecoverageofcurrentevents
bystillormovingimages,oranaloguebroadcastingbriefextractsofaworkwhichhasbeen
seenorheardinthecontextofthoseevents,withinlimitsthatcanbejustifiedbythestated
informativepurpose.
(c) Toreproduceinanewspaperorperiodical,ortoconveytothepublic,speeches,lectures,
seminarsanddiscussionsthattakeplaceduringpublicsittingsofparliamentarycouncils,
legislativeoradministrativebodies,orpublicmeetingsonscientific,literary,artistic,political,
socialorreligioustopics.Thisincludespubliccourtproceedingsandmustremainwithinlimits
thatcanbejustifiedbythestatedinformativepurpose.

Article25

Itislawful,withouttheconsentoftheauthorandwithoutpayingcompensation,to

broadcasttothepublicfornoncommercialpurposes,worksofthefine,applied,visualor
architecturalarts,ifthoseworksarepermanentlylocatedinapublicplace.

Article26

Thelegalownerofacomputerprogrammay,withouttheconsentofitsauthorandwithout

payingcompensation:
(a) Makeasinglecopyoftheprogramforuseinthecasethatthelegallypossessedoriginal
copyislost,destroyedorbecomesnonoperational.


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(b) Makeanadaptedormodifiedcopyoftheprogram,oronetranslatedintoadifferent
computerlanguage,ifthisisnecessarytomakeitcompatiblewithanothercomputeriseddevice
andifitisrestrictedtothepersonaluseofthelegalowneroftheoriginalcopy.
Theoriginalcopyandtheothercopymustbedestroyedassoonaslegalpossessionof

theoriginalexpires.

Article27

Itislawfulinanyofthefollowingcircumstancestoundertakeapublicperformance,

withouttheconsentoftheauthorandwithoutpayingcompensation,ofadramatic,musicalor
dramaticmusicalwork,aworkofdanceoraworkofmime,oranyotherworkcreatedtobeso
performed:
(a) Inreligiousfestivals,toadegreethatcanbejustifiedbythenatureofthosefestivals.
(b) Infacetofaceeducationalactivitieswithinrecognisednonprofiteducationalinstitutions.
Thismusttakeplaceinclassroomsorothersimilarplacesallocatedforteaching,andinall
casestheremustbenodirectorindirectfinancialrecompense.

Article28

Broadcastingorganisationsmay,withouttheconsentoftheauthorandwithoutpaying

compensation,temporarilyrecordaworkusingtheirownequipment,forthepurposesofusingit
intheirprogrammes,onthefollowingconditions.
(a) Thatthebroadcastingorganisationconcernedhastherighttobroadcastthatwork.
(b) Thatthebroadcastingorganisationconcerneddestroystherecordingsixmonthsafter
usingit,unlesstherightfulpartyagreestoanextensionofthatperiod.Thisdoesnotapplytoa
singlecopyoftherecording,whichmaybekeptforarchivingpurposes.

Article29

Theprovisionsofarticles19to24ofthisActapplytothefreeusageofperformances,

phonograms,andradioandtelevisionprogrammes.

Article30

Thefreeusageofanyworkorperformanceshallnotinfringetheliteraryrightsofauthors

andperformers.

SectionVI
HoldersofRightstoWorksandofNeighbouringRights
Article31

1. Takingdueaccountofarticles33and36ofthisAct,theauthor,performer,produceror
publisherownstherightstothework,performanceorphonogram.
2. Forthepurposesofanyadministrative,civilorcriminalmeasures:
(a) Thenaturalorjuridicalpersonwhosenameappearsinthecustomarywayonthework,
recordedperformanceorphonogramasitsauthor,performer,producerorpublisher,is
consideredtoholdtherightstothatwork,performanceorphonogram,unlessprovenotherwise.
(b) Iftheworkbearsnoname,orbearsapseudonym,thepublisherwhosenameappearson
theworkinthecustomarywayisconsideredtobetheauthor'srepresentative.Assuch,he
practisestheauthor'sliteraryandeconomicrights,untiltheauthorrevealshimselforhisidentity
isproven.
Thisprovisiondoesnotapplyifthepseudonymanauthorhaschosenleavesnoroomfor

anydoubtastohisrealidentity.

Article32


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1. Ifmorethanonepartyhascontributedtothecompilationofajointwork,allofthemare
consideredtohaveanequalrightoverthework,andnooneofthemcanexercisetheauthor's
rightstothatworkalone,unlesswrittenagreementexiststothecontrary.
2. Ifthecontributionofeachoftheauthorsofajointworkrepresentsadifferentanddistinct
formofart,suchthatthecontributionscanbedistinguishedfromoneanother,eachauthorhas
therighttoutiliseindividuallytheparthecontributed,providedthatthisdoesnotdamagethe
utilisationofthejointworkandunlesswrittenagreementexiststothecontrary.
Eachofthepartnersinajointworkhastherighttofileacasebeforethecompetentcourt

foranypreventivemeasurestobetakenortoprohibittheviolationofanycopyrightassociated
withthatwork.
3. Iftherightstoaworkembodiedinaphonogramapplytoboththeauthorandthe
performer(orproducer)then,accordingtolaw,useofthatworkrequiresauthorisationfrom
themboth,andsuchuseisnotlegitimateifauthorisedbyonlyoneofthem.Thisauthorisation
hasnoeffectontheotherparty'suseofhisrights.

Article33

Thenaturalorjuridicalpersonatwhoseinitiativeandunderwhoseguidanceacollective

workiscreated,andwhoundertakestopublishitinhisname,ownstheliteraryandeconomic
rightstothatcollectivework,unlesswrittenagreementexiststothecontrary.

Article34

Theauthorwhocreatesaderivedworkisconsideredtoowntheliteraryandeconomic

rightstothatwork,withoutinfringementtotherightsoftheauthoroftheoriginalwork.

Article35

1. Anyonewhoparticipatesinthecreationofanaudiovisualworkisconsideredtobeajoint
authorofthatwork,inparticularthefollowing:
(a) Thescriptwriterortheoriginatorofthewrittenideaforthework.
(b) Thepartywhomodifiesanexistingliteraryworktomakeitcompatiblewithanaudiovisual
format.
(c) Thedialogist.
(d) Thecomposerofthemusicalscore,ifhiscompositionisspecificallyfortheworkin
question.
(e) Thedirector,ifheexercisedeffectivesupervisionandplayedanactiveintellectualrolein
thecompletionofthework.
2. Ifoneofthepartiescontributingtothecompilationofanaudiovisualworkfailstocomplete
hispart,theremainingcontributorsarenotprohibitedfromutilisingtheparthehascompleted,
withoutprejudicetotherightsaccruingtothefirstpartyfromhisparticipationinthecompilation
ofthework.
3. Theproducerofanaudiovisualworkistherepresentativeoftheauthorsofthatworkwith
theexceptionofauthorsofmusicalworksintheutilisationoftherightstothatwork,unless
writtenagreementexiststothecontrary.

Article36

TheeconomicrightslaiddowninthisActbelongtotheemployer,ortothepartywho

appointedbytheemployerandinhisinterestsundertakestocreatethework,performanceor
phonogram,ifthisistheresultofimplementingacontractorapledgetocreatethework,
performanceorphonogram,unlesswrittenagreementexiststothecontrary.
TheprovisionsofthisarticleapplytocivilandmilitaryStatefunctionaries,andtopartiesof

equivalentstatus


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SectionVII

ThePeriodofProtectionofEconomicRights

SubsectionOne

ThePeriodofProtectionoftheAuthor'sEconomicRights

Article37

Anauthor'seconomicrightsareprotectedthroughouthislifetimeandforseventyyears

beginningonthefirstdayofthecalendaryearfollowingtheyearofhisdeath,exceptwhere
otherprovisionismadeinthissubsection.

Article38

Theeconomicrightsofauthorsofjointworksareprotectedthroughouttheirlifetimeand

forseventyyearsbeginningonthefirstdayofthecalendaryearfollowingtheyearinwhichthe
lastsurvivingauthordies.

Article39

Theeconomicrightstocollectiveworksandaudiovisualworksareprotectedforaperiod

ofseventyyearsbeginningonthefirstdayofthecalendaryearfollowingtheyearinwhichthose
workswerefirstlegallypublished.Ifsuchpublicationdoesnottakeplacewithinfiftyyearsofthe
datetheworkswerecreated,theeconomicrightstothoseworksareprotectedforseventy
yearsbeginningonthefirstdayofthecalendaryearfollowingtheyearinwhichtheywere
created.

Article40

Theeconomicrightsofworkspublishedanonymouslyorunderapseudonymare

protectedforseventyyearsbeginningonthefirstdayofthecalendaryearfollowingtheyearin
whichthoseworkswerefirstlegallypublished.Ifsuchpublicationdoesnottakeplacewithinfifty
yearsofthedatetheworkswerecreated,theeconomicrightstothoseworksareprotectedfor
seventyyearsbeginningonthefirstdayofthecalendaryearfollowingtheyearinwhichthey
werecreated.Iftheauthorisknownandidentified,orifherevealshisidentity,duringthe
aforesaidperiod,theperiodofprotectioniscalculatedaccordingtotherulescontainedin
articles37or38ofthisAct,dependingonthecircumstances.

Article41

Theeconomicrightstoworksoftheappliedartsareprotectedforseventyyearsbeginning

onthefirstdayofthecalendaryearfollowingtheyearinwhichthoseworkswerefirstlegally
published.Ifsuchpublicationdoesnottakeplacewithinfiftyyearsofthedatetheworkswere
created,theeconomicrightstothoseworksareprotectedforseventyyearsbeginningonthe
firstdayofthecalendaryearfollowingtheyearinwhichtheywerecreated.

SubsectionTwo

ThePeriodofProtectionofNeighbouringRights

Article42

Theeconomicrightsofperformersareprotectedforaperiodofseventyyearsbeginning

onthefirstdayofthecalendaryearfollowingtheyearinwhichtherecordedperformancewas
firstlegallypublished.Ifsuchpublicationdoesnottakeplacewithinfiftyyearsofthedatethe
performancetookplace,theeconomicrightstheretoareprotectedforseventyyearsbeginning
onthefirstdayofthecalendaryearfollowingtheyearinwhichtheperformancetookplace.


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Article43

Theeconomicrightsofproducersofphonogramsareprotectedforseventyyears

beginningonthefirstdayofthecalendaryearfollowingtheyearinwhichthephonogramwas
firstlegallypublished.Ifsuchpublicationdoesnottakeplacewithinfiftyyearsofthedatethe
phonogramwasmade,theeconomicrightstheretoareprotectedforseventyyearsbeginning
onthefirstdayofthecalendaryearfollowingtheyearinwhichthephonogramwasmade.

Article44

Theeconomicrightsofbroadcastingorganisationsovertheirradioandtelevision

programmesareprotectedfortwentyyearsbeginningonthefirstdayofthecalendaryear
followingtheyearinwhichtheprogrammewasfirstbroadcast.

SectionVIII

"EffectiveTechnologicalMeasures,RightsManagementInformationandProgramme

CarryingSignals"

Article45

1. Withoutauthorisationfromtherightfulparty,itisforbiddenforanyonetodisableorimpair
anyeffectivetechnologicalmeasures.
2. Inallthefollowingcases,itisforbiddenforanyonetodisplayorpresenttothepublic,
manufacture,import,distributeorcirculateanymethods,productsorcomponents,ortodisplay
orpresentanyservicetothepublic:
(a) Iftheyaredistributed,advertisedormarketedforthepurposeofevadinganyeffective
technologicalmeasures.
(b) Iftheyhaveasecondarycommercialgoaloruseinadditiontothatofdisablingany
effectivetechnologicalmeasures.
(c) Iftheyareprincipallydesigned,producedorintendedtoenableorfacilitatedisablingor
impairinganyeffectivetechnologicalmeasures.
3. Itisforbiddenforanyonetoperformanyofthefollowingactionswithoutauthorisation:
(a) Knowinglytodeleteoralteranyrightsmanagementinformation.
(b) Todistributerightsmanagementinformation,orimportitfordistribution,knowingthatthe
rightsmanagementinformationhasbeendeletedoralteredwithoutauthorisation.
(c) Todistribute,orimportfordistribution,tobroadcast,toconveyormakeavailabletothe
publiccopiesofworks,performancesorphonograms,knowingthattherightsmanagement
informationhasbeendeletedoralteredwithoutauthorisation.
4. Itisforbiddenforanyonetomanufacture,assemble,modify,import,export,sell,rentor
distributeanytangibleorintangiblesystemormethod,ifthepartyconcernedknowsorhas
reasontobelievethatthesystemormethodisprincipallyusedtodecodeencrypted
programmecarryingsignalstransmittedbysatellite,withoutpermissionfromtherightfulparty.
5. Itisforbiddenforanyonedeliberatelytoreceiveordistributeanencryptedprogramme
carryingsatellitesignal,ifheknowthatthesignalwasdecodedwithouttheauthorisationofthe
partyholdingtherighttodistributethatsignal.
6. Theprovisionsofparagraphs1and3ofthisarticledonotapplytolegalactivitiescarried
outbyfunctionaries,representativesorcontractorsofthegovernmentforthepurposesof
enforcingthelaw,investigatingcrimes,basicsecurityorothersimilargovernmentalactivities.
7. Violationoftheprovisionscontainedinarticles1to5ofthisarticleinvolvescriminalorcivil
liability(accordingtocircumstance),separatefromandindependentofanyviolationtoanyof
therightsstipulatedinthisAct.

SectionIX
TheResponsibilityofOnlineServiceProviders
Article46


page13

Forthepurposesofthissection,thefollowingwordsandexpressionsshallhavethe

meaningsgivenbelow,unlessthecontextrequiresadifferentmeaning:
Material
Anywork,recordedperformanceorphonogramin
electronicformatprotectedbythisAct.
Serviceprovider
Thismeansanyofthefollowing:
(a)
Forcategoryoneoperations:Anyonewhoprovides
transmission,routingorconnectionsforonlinedigital
communications,betweenoramongpointsspecified
byauser,ofmaterialoftheuserschoosing,without
modificationtothecontentsofthematerialinits
transmissionorreception.
(b)
Forcategorytwo,threeandfouroperations:Any
provideroroperatorofonlineutilitiesandservices,or
ofservicesaccessibleonline.
Serviceprovider'snetworkorsystemAnynetworkorsystemwhichiscontrolledoractivated
bytheserviceprovider,orinhisinterests.
Categoryoneoperations
Thismeansanyofthefollowing:
(a)
Anytransmission,routingorprovisionofconnections
formaterialbytheserviceproviderviahisnetworkor
system.
(b)
Anyprovisionalorincidentalstorageofthematerialby
theserviceproviderinthecontextofthetransmission,
routingorprovisionofconnectionsindicatedinthe
precedingclause.
Categorytwooperations
Anyreproductionandsubsequenttemporarystorage,
undertakenbytheserviceprovideronhisnetworkor
system,ofmaterialmadeavailableonlinebyaparty
(otherthantheprovider)andtransmittedbythatparty
viatheprovider'snetworkorsystemtoanotherpartyat
thelatter'srequest.Suchstoragemustbepartofan
automatictechnicalprocessthathastheaimofmaking
thecopyofthematerialavailabletoothernetworkor
systemuserswhoaskthefirstpartytoaccessthe
material,afterhehastransmitteditasexplained
above.
Categorythreeoperations
Anystorageofthematerialbytheserviceprovideron
hisnetworkorsystem,duetoroutingbytheuserof
thatprovider'snetworkorsystem.
Categoryfouroperations
Anylinkorreferralofusersbytheserviceprovider
usinginformationlocationtoolssuchahyperlinkora
directory,orinformationlocationservicessuchasa
searchengine,toanonlinelocationcontaining
infringingmaterialorinfringingactivity.
Rightfulholder
Theholderofanyoftheexclusiverightsdescribedin
thisAct.
Economiccompensation
Thisincludesalleconomiccompensation,includingthe
expensesandfeesofanyexpertsorlawyers,court
fees,andanyothermonetarysumswhichhavetobe
paid.

Article47

1. Takingdueaccountoftheprovisionsofthissection,andwithoutdetrimenttotherulesof
responsibilityestablishedbytheCivilCode,serviceproviderswhoconsortinviolatingtherights
stipulatedinthisActaresubjecttocivilliabilityifitisproventhat,viatheirnetworkorsystem,


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theydeliberatelyinstigatedsuchviolation,participatedinittoasignificantdegree,orwere
responsibleforit,iftheywereawareoftheinfringingactivity.
2. Serviceprovidersshallnotbeobligedtopayeconomiccompensationforviolatinganyof
therightsstipulatedinthisAct,ifsuchviolationtakesplaceinthecontextofcarryingout
operationsone,two,threeorfour,onthefollowingconditions:
(a) Thattheserviceproviderfulfilsthegeneralconditionsdescribedinarticle48ofthisAct.
(b) Thattheserviceproviderfulfilsthespecificconditionsforthecategoryintowhichthe
operationfalls,describedinarticle49ofthisAct.
Theprovisionsofthisparagraphdonotinfringetherighttorequestacourtorderagainsta

serviceprovider,pursuanttoarticle50ofthisAct.
3. Inordertoapplytheprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraph,itisnotnecessaryforservice
providerstomonitortheservicestheyprovide,orforthemtostriveaffirmativelytodiscover
anythingindicatingthepresenceofinfringingactivities,beyondthelimitslaiddownforstandard
technologicalmeasuresinarticle49(d)ofthisAct.

Article48

Takingdueaccountofarticle49ofthisAct,thefollowingconditionsmustexistinorderfor

serviceprovidersnottobeliabletopayeconomiccompensationforviolatinganyrightsunder
thisActinthecontextofcategoryone,two,threeorfouroperations:
(a) Thatthetransmissionofthematerialwasnotattheinitiativeorundertheguidanceofthe
serviceprovider.
(b) Thattheserviceproviderdidnotchoosethematerialoritsrecipients,beyondthedegree
involvedinchoosinginformationincategoryfouroperations.
(c) Thattheserviceproviderhasadoptedandreasonablyappliedmeasures,includingthe
termination(inappropriatecases)ofaccountsofsubscriberswhorepeatedlycommitviolations.
(d) Thattheserviceproviderabidesbyanddoesnotviolatestandardtechnologicalmeasures
whichidentifyandprotectthematerial,whichenjoymultiindustryacceptance,whichareapplied
widelyvoluntarily,openlyandbymutualconsentamongexclusiverightsholdersandservice
providers,whichareavailableonreasonableandnondiscriminatoryterms,andwhichdonot
imposesubstantialcostsonserviceprovidersorsubstantialburdensontheirsystemsor
networks.

Article49

Takingdueaccountofarticle48ofthisAct,thefollowingconditionsmustexistinorderfor

serviceprovidersnottobeliabletopayeconomiccompensationforviolatinganyrightsunder
thisActinthecontextofcategoryone,two,threeorfouroperations:
1. Specificconditionsforcategoryoneoperations:
(a) Thatintheprocessoftransmittingthematerialviahisnetworkorsystem,theservice
providerdoesnotmakeanychangetothecontentsofthatmaterial.
(b) Thattheserviceproviderdoesnotchoosetherecipientofthematerial,exceptasan
automaticresponsetoarequestfromanotherparty.
2. Specificconditionsforcategorytwooperations:
(a) Thattheserviceproviderdoesnotmakeanychangetothecontentsofthematerialwhen
storedinatemporarymemorybeforeitssubsequenttransmissiontootherusers.
(b) Thattheserviceproviderspeedilyundertakestocancelfromhisnetworkthematerial
storedinthetemporarymemory,ortodisableaccessthereto,uponreceivingnotification
pursuanttoarticle55ofthisActthatthematerialwascancelledoraccesstoitdisabledbythe
originatingsite.
(c) Thattheserviceproviderguaranteesnottoallowaccesstoanysignificantpartofthe
materialstoredinthetemporarymemory,excepttouserswhofulfiltheconditions,incases
wherethatmaterialissubjecttospecificaccessconditionsintheoriginatingsite.
(d) Thattheserviceprovidercomplieswiththerulesforrefreshing,reloading,orupdatingthe
materialstoredinthetemporarymemory,ifthisisarequirementofthepartywhomadethe


page15

materialavailableonline,inaccordancewithagenerallyacceptedindustrystandarddata
transmissionprotocolforthesystemornetworkthroughwhichthematerialwasmadeavailable.
(e) Thattheserviceproviderdoesnotviolateanytechnologyconsistentwithmultiindustry
standardsusedbythesitewhichmadethematerialavailable,inordertoobtaininformation
abouttheuseofthatmaterial.
3. Specificconditionsforcategorythreeoperations:
(a) Thattheserviceproviderdoesnotderiveanyeconomicbenefitdirectlyascribabletoan
activitythatinfringestherightsofthematerialpursuanttothisAct,iftheserviceproviderhasthe
rightandthecapabilitytocontroltheoffendingoperation.
(b) Thattheserviceproviderspeedilyundertakestocancelthematerialpresentinhissystem
ornetwork,ortodisableaccessthereto,uponreceivingnotificationpursuanttoarticle55ofthis
Actallegingthatthematerialinvolvedisinfringing,orthatitistheobjectofinfringingactivity.
(c) Thattheserviceproviderspeedilyundertakestocancelthematerialpresentinhissystem
ornetwork,ortodisableaccessthereto,ifhediscoversthatthematerialinquestionis
infringing,thatinfringingactivityusingthatmaterialistakingplace,orifhediscoversanyfacts
orcircumstanceswhichsuggesttheexistenceofinfringingactivity.
(d) Thattheserviceproviderappointsarepresentativetoreceivethenotificationssenttohim
asperclause(b)ofthisparagraph,pursuanttoarticle52ofthisAct.
4. Specificconditionsforcategoryfouroperations:
(a) Thattheserviceproviderdoesnotderiveanyeconomicbenefitdirectlyascribabletoa
violationoftherightsoftherightfulholderofthematerialaslaiddownbythisAct,thatcomes
aboutbyorthroughalinkorreferraltothematerial,iftheserviceproviderhastherightandthe
capabilitytocontroltheoffendingoperation.
(b) Thattheserviceproviderspeedilyundertakestocancelordisableaccesstoanylinksor
referralstothematerialpresentinhissystemornetwork,uponreceivingnotificationpursuantto
article55ofthisActallegingthatthematerialinvolvedisinfringing,orthatitistheobjectof
infringingactivity.
(c) Thattheserviceproviderspeedilyundertakestocancelanylinksorreferralstothe
materialpresentinhissystemornetwork,ifhediscoversthatthematerialinquestionis
infringing,thatinfringingactivityusingthatmaterialistakingplace,orifhediscoversanyfacts
orcircumstanceswhichsuggesttheexistenceofinfringingactivity.
(d) Thattheserviceproviderappointsarepresentativetoreceivethenotificationssenttohim
asperclause(b)ofthisparagraph,pursuanttoarticle52ofthisAct.

Article50

1. Iftheserviceproviderfulfilsthegeneralconditionsdescribedinarticle48,andthespecific
conditionsforthecategoryintowhichtheoperationfallsdescribedinarticle49,thecourtmay,
attherequestofinterestedparties,issueoneormoreofthefollowingorders:
(a) Asregardscategoryoneoperations:
(i) Ordertheserviceprovidertotakereasonablestepstodisableaccesstoanonlinesite
physicallylocatedoutsidetheKingdom.
(ii) Ordertheserviceprovidertoterminatetheaccountofaspecificsubscriber.
(b) Asregardscategorytwo,threeorfouroperations:
(i) Ordertheserviceprovidertocancelinfringingmaterialortodisableaccessthereto,as
concernscategorytwoorcategorythreeoperations.
Asconcernscategoryfouroperations,ordertheserviceprovidertocancelthelinkor

referraltothatmaterial.
(ii) Ordertheserviceprovidertoterminatetheaccountofaspecificsubscriber.
(iii) Anyothernoneconomic,lessburdensomeandcomparablyeffectiveorder.
Noneoftheordersmentionedinthisparagraphmaybeissuedagainstaserviceprovider

untilhehasbeeninformedofthejudicialmeasurestakentoissuetheorder,andhasbeen
grantedtheopportunitytopresenthisdefencebeforethecourt.Thisdoesnotincludeorders
issuedforthepreservationofevidence,orotherorderswhichhavenomaterialadverseeffect
ontheoperationoftheserviceprovider'scommunicationsnetwork.


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2. Inissuinganorderpursuanttoparagraph1ofthisarticle,thecourtshalltakeaccountof
thefollowing:
(a) Theharmthattheplaintiffwillormaysuffer.
(b) Theburdenthattheserviceproviderwillhavetobearasaresultoftheorder.
(c) Theextenttowhichimplementationoftheorderwouldbetechnicallyfeasible.
(d) Thedegreeofeffectivenessoftheorder.
(e) Anypossibleadverseeffecttotheactivitiesoroperationsoftheserviceprovider.
(f) Thepossibilityofissuinganyotherlessburdensomeandcomparablyeffectiveorder.
(g) Anyothermattersthecourtmayconsiderappropriate.
3. Theserviceprovidershallnotberesponsibleforpayinganyexpensesorcostsforlawyers
orexperts,oranycourtfeesforanyjudicialmeasuresrelatedtorequestingtheissueofan
orderunderthisarticle.Thepartymakingsucharequestisobligedtoplayallexpenses,
chargesandcosts.

Article51

1. Takingdueaccountofparagraph2ofthisarticle,iftheserviceproviderundertakesin
goodfaithtocancelordisableaccesstomaterialoractivitiesonhisnetworkorsystem,
followingclaimsthatthematerialoractivitiesinquestionareinvolvedininfringements,or
followingfactsorcircumstanceswhichsuggesttheexistenceofinfringingactivity,theservice
providershallnotbeliableforanyclaimsmadebyanypartyonthismatter,irrespectiveof
whetherthematerialoractivityisultimatelydeterminedtobeinfringing.
2. Iftheserviceproviderundertakestocancelordisableaccesstomaterialonhisnetworkor
system,followingnotificationpursuanttoarticle55ofthisActvisvisanycategorythreeor
fouroperations,heshallnotbeliableforanyclaimsmadebyanypartyonthismatter,on
conditiontheserviceproviderabidesbythefollowing:
(a) Immediatelyundertakestoinformthepartywhomadethematerialavailableonthe
serviceprovider'snetworkorsystem,thatthematerialhasbeencancelledoraccessthereto
disabled.
(b) Iftheserviceproviderreceivescounternotificationpursuanttoarticle56ofthisAct,itis
incumbentupontheproviderimmediatelytosupplythepartywhopresentedtheoriginal
notificationwithacopyofthecounternotificationandinformthatpartyoftheprovider'sintention
torestorethematerialthatwascancelledortoceasedisablingaccessthereto,unlessthatparty
informstheserviceproviderorhisrepresentativewithintenworkingdaysthatithastaken
judicialmeasurestorequestanorderpreventingthepartywhopresentedthecounter
notificationfromcarryingouttheinfringement.
(c) Undertakes,withinaperiodofnotlessthantenandnotmorethanfourteenworkingdays
fromreceiptofthecounternotification,torestorethecancelledmaterialortoceasedisabling
accessthereto,unlesstheserviceproviderorhisrepresentativeareinformedwithintenworking
daysthatthejudicialmeasuresindicatedinclause(b)ofthisparagraphhavebeentaken.

Article52

Serviceprovidersmustmakepublicannouncementoftherepresentativetheyhave

appointedtoreceivenotificationsontheirbehalf,publishingthatrepresentative'sname,
geographicaladdress,electronicmailaddressandtelephonenumberinapubliclyaccessible
partoftheirownwebsite,andinageneraldirectoryaccessibletothepublicthroughtheInternet
orthroughanyothermeansestablishedbydecisionoftheMinister.

Article53

If,pursuanttothissection,anypartymakesanynotificationorcounternotificationwhich

heknowstobefraudulentortoincludefalseinformation,heisliabletopaycompensationfor
anydamageaccruingtothirdpartiesasaresultthereof.


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Article54

InanyoftherightslaiddowninthisActareviolatedandtherightfulpartysends

notificationpursuanttoarticle55,thecompetentAuthorityshall,followingawrittenrequestfrom
therightfulparty,issueawrittenorderobligingtheserviceprovidertosupplytheAuthorityand
therightfulparty,withinatimelimitstipulatedbytheorder,withanyinformationinthe
possessionofthatserviceproviderwhichestablishestheidentityoftheallegedviolator.This
doesnotinfringetherighttoresorttothecompetentcourt.

Article55

Inordertobeeffective,notificationpresentedunderthissection,regardingcategories

threeandfour,mustbewrittenandsignedbytherightfulparty,andsenttotherepresentative
appointedbytheserviceproviderpursuanttoarticle52ofthisAct.Suchnotificationmaybe
sentbyelectronicmailifaccompaniedbyanelectronicsignature.
Inallcases,notificationmustsubstantiallyincludethefollowing:

(a) Theidentity,geographicaladdress,electronicmailaddressandtelephonenumberofthe
rightfulpartyorhisrepresentative.
(b) Informationreasonablysufficienttoenabletheserviceprovidertoidentifytheallegedly
infringingmaterial.
Ifnotificationincludesmultipleonlinematerialslocatedat,orlinkedvia,asinglesiteon

theserviceprovider'snetworkorsystem,arepresentativelistofthatmaterialmaybeprovided.
(c) Informationreasonablysufficienttoenabletheserviceprovidertoidentifythelocationon
hisnetworkorsystemofthematerialinvolvedininfringement,orthatistheobjectofinfringing
activity,thecancellationordisablementofwhichhasbeenrequested.Ifthenotification
concernsinformationlocationtoolsofcategoryfouroperations,theinformationsuppliedmust
bereasonablysufficienttoenabletheserviceprovidertoidentifythelocationofreferralor
linkageonhisnetworkorsystem.Ifthenotificationconcernsalargenumberofreferralsorlinks
locatedonasinglesiteontheprovider'snetworkorsystem,arepresentativelistofthereferrals
orlinksonthatsitemaybeprovided.
Ifasinglenotificationconcernsmultipleworkspresentandlinkedatasinglesiteonthe

serviceprovider'snetworkorsystem,arepresentativelistofthosereferralsorlinksmaybe
provided,ifaccompaniedbysufficientinformationtoenabletheserviceprovidertoidentifythe
referralsandlinks.
(d) Astatementtotheeffectthattheinformationcontainedinthenotificationiscorrectand
accurate.
(e) Astatementbytherightfulpartyorhisrepresentativetotheeffectthatneitherofthemhas
authorisedtheuseofmaterialinthemanneralleged.
(f) Astatementfromthepartypresentingthenotificationtotheeffectthatheistherightful
partytotheobjectoftheallegedinfringement,orthatheistherepresentativeoftherightful
party.

Article56

Inordertobeeffective,counternotificationpresentedunderthissection,regarding

categoriesthreeandfour,mustbewrittenandsignedbythepartyconcerned,andsenttothe
representativeappointedbytheserviceprovider.Suchnotificationmaybesentbyelectronic
mailifaccompaniedbyanelectronicsignature.
Inallcases,counternotificationmustsubstantiallyincludethefollowing:

(a) Theidentity,geographicaladdress,electronicmailaddressandtelephonenumberofthe
subscriber.
(b) Identificationofthematerialwhichhasbeencancelledortowhichaccesshasbeen
disabled.
(c) Locationatwhichthematerialappearedbeforeitwascancelledoraccesstoitwas
disabled.


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(d) Astatementtotheeffectthattheinformationcontainedinthecounternotificationis
correctandaccurate.
(e) Astatementtotheeffectthatthesubscriberacceptsthejurisdictionofthecompetent
courtsintheKingdom.
(f) Astatementtotheeffectthatthesubscriberagreestoreceivenotificationofanycase
broughtagainsthimatthegeographicaladdresshehassupplied.
(g) Astatementtotheeffectthatthesubscriberbelievesingoodfaiththatthematerialwas
cancelledordisabledasaresultofanerrorormistakeinitsidentification.

SectionX

TheCollectiveAdministrationoftheEconomicRightsofAuthorsandHoldersof

NeighbouringRights

Article57

Authorsandholdersofneighbouringrightsmaydelegateprofessionalcorporationsor

otherentitiestoadministerallorsomeoftheireconomicrights,onthebasisofexclusive
licencesandinexchangeforafeewhichthecorporationorentitydetractsfromtheauthors'or
holders'dues,inaccordancewithagreedconditions.

Article58

Thecorporationsandentitieswhichadministertheeconomicrightsofauthorsand

neighbouringrightsholdersshallwithinthelimitsimposedbytheiragreementhavethe
followingfunctions:
(a) Grantingthirdpartiesauthorisationtoutilisesomeoralloftheeconomicrightstoawork,
performance,orphonogram,andagreeingtheeconomicrecompensedueforsuchutilisation.
(b) Collectingtheeconomicrecompenseanddistributingittotherightfulparties,after
deductingwhatisduetothosecorporationsorentitiesforadministeringthoserights.
(c) Performinganyotherfunctionslaiddowninthecontractfortheadministrationofthose
rights.

Article59

Anyactivityinvolvingtheadministrationoftheeconomicrightsofauthorsand

neighbouringrightsholdersmayonlybepractisedwiththeauthorisationofthecompetent
Authority.
Suchauthorisationshallnecessitatepaymentofafee,thecategoriesofwhicharedefined

bydecisionoftheMinister,afterhavingobtainedtheagreementoftheCouncilofMinisters.

Article60

Activitiesinvolvingtheadministrationoftheeconomicrightsofauthorsandneighbouring

rightsholdersaresubjecttothesupervisionandmonitoringofthecompetentAuthority.
Thecorporationsandentitieswhichpractisesuchactivitiesmustkeeprecordscontaining

thenamesanddescriptionsoftheirmembers,therightstheyareauthorisedtoutilise,andthe
agreedfeeandduration.Theymustalsoallowtheauthorsandholdersofneighbouringrights,
ortheirrepresentatives,toexaminetheinformationinthoserecordswhichconcernsthem.
ThecompetentAuthoritymaywithdrawauthorisationifthecorporationsorbodiesviolate

theprovisionsofthisActorthedecisionsissuedtoimplementit.

Article61

Theministershallissueadecisionregulatingthepracticeofactivitiesinvolvingthe

collectiveadministrationoftheeconomicrightsofauthorsandneighbouringrightsholders,and
regulatingthesupervisionandmonitoringofthoseactivities.


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SectionXI
BorderControlsandPrecautionaryMeasures
Article62

1. Iftherightfulpartyhascompellingreasonstobelievethatgoodsarebeingimportedwhich
violateanyoftherightslaiddowninthisAct,hemaypresentawrittenpetitiontothecustoms
authoritiesrequestingthatclearancebedeniedtothosegoods,andthattheynotbereleased
intocirculation.
Therequestmustbeaccompaniedbysufficientevidencetoconvincethecustoms

authoritiesoftheexistenceofanevidentviolationtotheapplicant'srights.Therequestmust
likewiseincludesufficientinformation,whichtheapplicantcouldreasonablybeexpectedto
possess,toenabletheauthoritiesreasonablytoidentifythegoodsconcerned.
2. Thecustomsauthoritiesmustprovidetheapplicantwithwrittennotificationoftheir
decisiononhisrequestwithinsevendaysfromthedatetherequestwasmade.Iftherequestis
accepted,thedecisionremainsvalidforoneyearfromthedaytherequestwasmadeorforthe
remainingprotectionperiodofthegoodsconcerned,whicheveristheless,unlesstheapplicant
hasrequestedashorterperiod.
3. Thecustomsauthoritiesmayrequiretheapplicanttodepositsuitablesurety,oran
equivalentguarantee,sufficienttoprotectthedefendantandtheauthorities,andtoprevent
misuseoftherighttorequestdenialofcustomsclearance.
4. Withoutdetrimenttotheprovisionsofprecedingparagraphs,thecustomsauthoritiesmay,
oftheirownvolitionandwithoutthepresentationofacomplaintorrequestfromtherightfulparty
orothers,issueadecisiontodenycustomsclearancetoimportedgoods,goodsintransitor
goodsreadyforexport,assoonastheyreachthecustomsarea,iftheypossesssufficient
obviousevidencefortheexistenceofaviolationtoanyoftherightslaiddowninthisAct.
5. If,inapplyingtheprovisionsofthisarticle,thecustomsauthoritiesdeicidetodeny
customsclearancetoanygoodspresentinthecustomsarea,theymust:
(a) Immediatelyinformtheexporterofthosegoodsandtherightfulpartyofthedecision
taken.
(b) Informtherightfulparty,athiswrittenrequest,ofthenamesandaddressesofthesender,
importerandtheaddresseeofthegoods,andthequantitiesinvolved.
(c) Allowinterestedpartiestoinspectthegoods,inaccordancewithcustomsprocedures
followedinsuchcases.
Therightfulpartymustfilealegalcaseonthematterunderdisputebeforethecompetent

court,andinformthecustomsauthoritiesthereof,withinnomorethantenworkingdaysof
receivingnotificationofthedecisiontodenycustomsclearancetothegoodsinquestion.Ifhe
failstodosothedecisionisconsiderednullandvoid,unlesstheauthoritiesorthecompetent
courtdecide,insuchcircumstancesastheyseefit,toextendthisdeadlinebyafurtherperiodof
notmorethantendays.
Ifacaseonthematterunderdisputeisfiled,thecourtmayuphold,amendorcancelit.

6. Ifitisproventothecourtthatthegoodstowhichcustomsclearancehasbeendeniedare
involvedintheviolationofanyoftherightslaiddownbythisAct,thosegoodsmustbe
destroyedattheexpenseoftheimporter,ordisposedofoutsidecommercialchannelsiftheir
destructionwouldcauseunreasonabledamagetopublichealthortheenvironment.
7. TheMinisterofFinance,coordinatingwiththeMinister,shalldecidewhatinformation,
conditions,regulationsandproceduresareinvolvedinpresentinganddecidingonarequest
todenycustomsclearance,andwhatdocumentationwhichmustaccompanysucharequest.In
doingso,caremustbetakentoensurethattheresultisnotthatpeoplearedeterredfrom
recurringtosuchmeasures.
TheMinisterofFinance,withtheagreementoftheCouncilofMinisters,shalllikewise

issueadecisiononthefollowing:
(a) Therulesforassessingthesuretyorequivalentguaranteewhichtheapplicantisrequired
todepositpursuanttotheprovisionsofthisarticle.
(b) Storagefeesforthegoodswhichhavebeendeniedcustomsclearance.


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Thesuretyorequivalentguarantee,andtheamountofthestoragefees,mustnotbeso

highastounreasonablydeterpeoplefromrecurringtothesemeasures.
8. Theprovisionsofthisarticledonotapplytosmallquantities,ofanoncommercialnature,
ofworksandphonogramscontainedinthepersonaleffectsoftravellersorinsmallpostal
packages.

Article63

InthecaseoftheviolationofanyoftherightslaiddowninthisAct,ortoguardagainst

theirimminentviolation;orinthecaseoftheperpetrationofanyoftheactionsforbiddenunder
paragraphs1to5ofarticle45ofthisAct,ortoguardagainstanysuchimminentperpetration,
therightfulpartymay,bypetition,requestthepresidentofthecompetentcourttoissueanorder
foronemoreappropriateprecautionarymeasurestobetaken,includingthefollowing:
(a) Makingadetaileddescriptionoftheviolationoroftheallegedlyforbiddenaction,ofthe
goodsinvolvedintheviolationorintheallegedlyforbiddenaction,andofthematerials,
machinery,meansandequipmentthatwereorwillbeusedtherein,andconservingpertinent
evidence.
(b) Effectingprecautionaryseizureontheaforementioneditemsandonrevenuesensuing
fromtheallegedlyforbiddenaction.
(c) Preventingthegoodsinvolvedintheviolationorintheallegedlyforbiddenactionfrom
enteringcommercialchannelsandfrombeingexported,includingimportedgoodsimmediately
aftertheyareclearedbycustoms.
(d) Stoppingorpreventingtheviolationortheforbiddenaction.
2. Thepresidentofthecourtmayrequiretheapplicanttoprovidesuchevidenceashecould
reasonablybeexpectedtopossessindicatingaprobableviolation,ortheimminenceofsucha
violation;ortheperpetrationofaforbiddenact,ortheimminenceofsuchperpetration.Hemay
likewiserequiretheapplicanttoprovidesufficientinformationtoenablethecompetent
authoritiestoexecutetheprecautionarymeasurepertainingtothegoodsinquestion.
3. Thepresidentofthecourtshall,asamatterofurgency,decideonthepetitionwithina
periodnotexceedingtendaysfromthepresentationofthepetition,withtheexceptionofsuch
circumstancesasheseesfit.
4. Thepresidentofthecourtmay,ifnecessary,issuetheorderattherequestoftheplaintiff
andwithoutsummoningtheotherparty.Hemaydosoincaseswherethereisalikelihoodthat
adelayinissuingtheorderwouldharmtheplaintiffinamannerdifficulttocompensate,or
whereheisafraiditwouldleadtothelossordestructionofevidence.Theotherpartymustbe
notifiedwithoutdelayassoonastheorderisissued.Incaseofneed,notificationmaytake
placeimmediatelyaftertheorderhasbeenexecuted.
5. Ifthepresidentofthecourthasorderedaprecautionarymeasurewithoutsummoningthe
otherpartythen,havingreceivednotificationthereof,thedefendantmaylodgeacomplaint
againstthemeasurebeforethecompetentcourtwithintendaysofreceiptofthatnotification.In
thiscase,thecourtmayuphold,canceloramendtheorder.
6. Thepresidentofthecourtmayrequiretheapplicanttodepositsuitablesurety,oran
equivalentguarantee,sufficienttoprotectthedefendantandtopreventmisuseoftheright.The
amountofthesuretyorequivalentguaranteemustnotbesohighastounreasonablydeter
peoplefromrecurringtotheseprecautionarymeasures.
7. Therightfulpartymustfilealegalcaseonthematterunderdisputewithintwentydaysof
theissueoftheorderfortheprecautionarymeasurestobetaken,orofhisbeingnotifiedthat
thecomplaintstipulatedunderparagraph5ofthisarticlehasbeenrejected,dependingonthe
circumstances,otherwisetheorderiscancelledatthedefendant'srequest.

SectionXII

CivilProceedingsandCompensation

Article64


page21

1. Taking due account of paragraph 3 of thisarticle, the rightful party may, if he suffersany
direct harm asaresult of the violation ofany ofthe rightslaid down in thisAct, or asaresult of
the perpetration of any actionsforbidden under paragraphs1 to 5 of article 45 of the Act, file a
case before thecompetent civil court requestingcompensation sufficient to rectify the damages
hehassufferedasaresultoftheviolationortheperpetrationoftheforbiddenactions,including
theprofitsaccruedbytheviolatorortheperpetratoroftheforbiddenactions.
Thecourtshalldeterminethecompensationitconsidersfittorectifytheharm,pursuantto

articles161and162oftheCivilCode.Indoingso,thecourtshalltakeaccountofthevalueof
thegoodsorserviceinvolvedintheviolation,onthebasisoftheplaintiff'sdefinitionoftheir
retailpriceoranyotherlegitimatelyapplicableparameter,orbyexpertevaluation.
2. Ratherthanrequestingcompensationtorectifytheharm(includingtheprofitsaccruedby
theviolatoraspertheprecedingparagraph),therightfulpartymay,atanytimebeforethecase
isdecided,requestcompensationofbetween500and9,000dinarsforeachviolationor
forbiddenaction.
Thecourtmaydecreasetheamountofcompensationtonotlessthan150dinarsforeach

violationorforbiddenaction,ifitissatisfiedthatthedefendantwasnotawareordidnothave
reasontobelievethathisactivityinvolvedaviolationorconstitutedaforbiddenaction.
3. Withoutdetrimenttotheprovisionsofparagraphs1and2ofthisarticle,nonprofitlibraries
orarchives,educationalinstitutionsornoncommercialpublicbroadcastingorganisationsshall
notbeobligedtopaycompensationforcommittinganyoftheactionsdescribedunder
paragraphs1to3ofarticle45ofthisAct,iftheywerenotawareordidnothavereasonto
believethatsuchactivityinvolvedaviolationorconstitutedaforbiddenaction.
4. InexaminingcasesrelatedtotheviolationofanyoftherightslaiddowninthisAct,orto
theperpetrationofanyactionsforbiddenunderparagraphs1to5ofarticle45oftheAct,the
competentcivilcourtmay:
(a) Ordertheseizureofthegoodssuspectedofhavingbeeninvolvedintheviolation,andof
anyrelatedmaterialsortools;theseizureofanymeans,components,tools,etc.usedinthe
violationortheperpetrationortheforbiddenaction,andtheseizureofanycorroborating
evidence.
(b) Ordertheviolatortodesistintheviolationortheperpetrationoftheforbiddenaction.This
mayincludeprohibitingtheexportofgoodsinvolvedintheviolationofanyrightslaiddownin
thisAct,andpreventinganysuchimportedgoodsfromenteringcommercialchannelsfollowing
customsclearance.
(c) Ordertheviolator,ortheperpetratoroftheforbiddenaction,toprovidethecourtandthe
rightfulpartywithanyinformationintheirpossessionconcerninganyparty,partiesorentities
involvedinanyaspectoftheviolationortheperpetrationoftheforbiddenaction,aswellas
informationconcerningtheproductionmethodsordistributionchannelsforthosegoodsor
services.Thisshallincludeidentifyinganyotherpartyinvolvedintheproductionordistribution
ofthosegoodsorservices,andtheirdistributionchannels.
5. Uponrequestfromtherightfulpartythecompetentcourtshall,withoutcompensationof
anykindtothedefendant,orderthedestructionofgoodsproventohavebeeninvolvedinthe
violation.Itmayalsoordertheimmediatedestructionofthematerialsandtoolsusedinthe
manufacturingorproductionofthegoodsinvolvedintheviolation,withoutcompensationofany
kind.Moreoverthecourtmay,incircumstancesitconsiderstobeexceptional,orderthe
disposalofthosegoodsoutsidecommercialchannels,insuchawayastopreventthe
possibilityofanyfurtherviolationtakingplace.
Ratherthandestroyingthosegoods,materialsortools,itmaybedecidedtodisposeof

themoutsidecommercialchannels,iftheirdestructionwouldcauseunreasonabledamageto
publichealthortheenvironment.
6. Thecompetentcourtshalldeterminetheexpensesandfeesoftheexpertsandspecialists
itassignstoacase,inamannercorrespondingtothedegreeandnatureoftheassignment,
providingthatthisdoesnotunreasonablydeterrecoursetosuchprocedures.

SectionXIII

Penalties


page22

Article65

1. WithoutdetrimenttoanymoreseverepenaltylaiddownintheCriminalCodeorinany
otherlaw,imprisonmentofbetweenthreemonthsandoneyearand/orafineofbetween500
and4,000dinarsshallbeimposeduponanyonewho:
(a) Deliberatelyandonacommercialscaleviolatesanyofthecopyrightsorneighbouring
rightsdefinedundertheprovisionsofthisAct,includingthefollowing:
(i) Deliberateandmaterialviolationofanyofthecopyrightsorneighbouringrightsdefined
undertheprovisionsofthisAct,evenifthedirectorindirectpurposewasnottorealisea
materialgain.
(ii) Deliberateviolationforthepurposeofcommercialbenefitorprivatematerialgain.
(b) Perpetratesanyoftheactsforbiddenunderparagraphs1and2ofarticle45ofthisActfor
thepurposeofcommercialbenefitorprivatematerialgain.
(c) Perpetratesanyoftheactsforbiddenunderparagraph3ofarticle45ofthisActforthe
purposeofcommercialbenefitorprivatematerialgain,iftheperpetratorwasaware,orshould
havebeenawarethattheforbiddenactionledto,enabled,facilitatedorconcealedanyviolation
toanyofthecopyrightsorneighbouringrightsdefinedundertheprovisionsofthisAct.
(d) Perpetratesanyoftheactsforbiddenunderparagraphs4and5ofarticle45ofthisAct.
(e) Knowinglycirculatescounterfeitlabelsplaced,ordesignedtobeplaced,onaphonogram,
onacopyofacomputerprogram,onthedocumentsorpackagingofacomputerprogram,oron
acopyofafilmoranyotheraudiovisualwork.
(f) Knowinglycirculatescounterfeitdocumentsorpackagingforacomputerprogram.
(g) Usesfolkloreinviolationofarticle68ofthisAct.
Thepenaltyassessedbythecourtmustbesufficienttodeteranyfutureviolationor

perpetrationofforbiddenactions.Itmustlikewiseseektoeliminatetheviolatororperpetrator's
materialincentive.
Thelowerandupperlimitsofthepenaltiesshallberedoubledforrepeatoffenders.

Moreovertheircommercialpremisesorthefacilityinwhichtheoffencewasperpetratedshallbe
closed,ortheiractivityinterrupted(asapplicable)foraperiodofbetweenfifteendaysandsix
months.Theverdictshallbepublishedononeormoreoccasionsinalocaldailynewspaper,at
theexpenseoftheguiltyparty.
2. Thecourtmayissueanorderfortheseizureofgoodssuspectedofhavingbeeninvolved
intheviolationofanyoftherightslaiddowninthisAct,aswellasfortheseizureofother
relatedmaterials,anytoolsusedincommittingtheoffence,assetsascribabletotheoffending
activityortotheforbiddenactionliabletopunishmentundertheprovisionsofthisarticle,and
anycorroboratingevidenceconnectedwiththeoffence.Itisnotnecessarytoidentifyeachitem
individuallyintheseizureorder,aslongastheitemsfallintogeneralcategoriesspecifiedinthat
order.
3. Ifitisproventhataviolationtookplaceorthataforbiddenactionwasperpetrated,the
courtshallorderthefollowingprovisionswithoutcompensationofanykindtotheguiltyparty:
(a) Theconfiscationanddestruction,attheexpenseoftheguiltyparty,ofallgoodsprovento
havebeeninvolvedinaviolation,orthedisposalofthosegoodsoutsidecommercialchannels,
iftheirdestructionwouldcauseunreasonabledamagetopublichealthortheenvironment.
(b) Theconfiscationanddestruction,attheexpenseoftheguiltyparty,ofallmaterials,tools
andequipmentproventohavebeendeliberatelyusedintheviolationorintheperpetrationof
theforbiddenaction,orthedisposalofthoseitemsoutsidecommercialchannels,iftheir
destructionwouldcauseunreasonabledamagetopublichealthortheenvironment.
Ifthecourtissatisfiedthataviolationhastakenplace,oraforbiddenactionhasbeen

perpetrated,itmayordertheconfiscationofanyassetsascribabletotheoffendingactivityorto
theforbiddenaction.

Article66

Withoutdetrimenttoanymoreseverepenaltylaiddowninanyotherlaw:


page23

(a) Imprisonmentofuptoonemonthorafineofupto1,000dinarsshallbeimposedupon
anyonewhoviolatestheorderissuedbythecourtunderarticle64paragraph4(c)ofthisAct.
(b) Afineofupto2,000dinarsshallbeimposeduponanyofthepartiesinthecase,judges'
assistants,orotherswhoviolateanorderissuedbythecourtfortheprotectionofanysecret
informationwhichisdisclosedorexchangedinthecourseofanyjudicialproceedings.

SectionXIV

MiscellaneousProvisions

Article65

OfficialsappointedbytheMinistertoenforcetheprovisionsofthisActandthedecisions

issuedtoimplementitshallhavetheauthoritytoenterpertinentpremises.
OfficialsdelegatedbytheMinisterofJustice,inagreementwiththeMinister,shallhave

thestatusoflawenforcementofficersvisvistheoffenceswhichfallundertheirjurisdiction
andpertaintotheirfunctions.
WrittenrecordsconcerningthoseoffencesaretobetransferredtothePublicProsecutor

bydecisionoftheMinisterorhisdelegate.

Article68

1. Withoutdetrimenttotheprovisionsofarticle45ofthisAct,therightsofanauthoror
neighbouringrightsholderarenotdeemedtobeviolatedbytheimportation,use,possession,
saleordistributionofcopiesofhiswork,performanceorphonogram,whencirculatedonthe
marketsofanyStateby,orwiththeagreementof,therightfulpartytothatwork,performanceor
phonogram.
2. ForthepurposesofsectionsXItoXIII,inthecourseofanyjudicialproceedingsregarding
theprovisionsofthisAct,thecopyrightorneighbouringrighttothework,performanceor
phonogramshallbepresumedtostand,unlessproventothecontrary.

Article69

Folklorewhichreflectsthepopulartraditionalheritagethatarose,developedandis

conservedintheKingdomispublicStateproperty,andcanonlybeemployedappropriately
andputtogooduse.Thismustnotinvolvethedefacementofthatfolkloreandmustmake
mentionofitssource.ThecompetentAuthorityhastherighttoissueajudicialordertoprevent
anyuseoffolklorethatviolatestheseprovisions.

Article70

Anyonetakingaphotographofathirdpartyhasnorighttopublish,exhibitordistributethe

original,orreproductionsthereof,withoutthepermissionofthepartyportrayedinthe
photograph,unlesswrittenagreementexiststothecontrary.Nonetheless,photographsmaybe
publishediftheyrelatetoeventsthattakeplaceinpublic,officialorpublicfiguresoflocalor
internationalrenown,orifthepublicauthoritieshaveauthorisedsuchpublicationtoservethe
publicgood,onconditionthatthedisplayorcirculationofthephotographsdoesnotinfringethe
honour,reputationorstandingofthepersonconcerned.
Thepartyportrayedinthephotographmayauthoriseitspublicationinnewspapersor

othermedia,evenwithoutthephotographer'spermission,unlesswrittenagreementexiststothe
contrary.

Article71

Buildingsandanysculptures,paintings,decorationsorotherworkstheymayincorporate

cannotbeseized,destroyed,changedinformorconfiscatedinordertopreservetherightsof


page24

anauthorwhosedesigns,drawingsorotherprotectedcreativeactivities,havebeenused
illegally,solongasthisdoesnotprejudicehisrighttofaircompensation.

Article72

ThecompetentAuthorityshallexercisethefollowingfunctions:

(a) Raisingawarenessamongauthorsandneighbouringrightsholderstotheirliteraryand
economicrights.
(b) SettlingdisputesthatmayariseconcerninganyoftherightslaiddowninthisAct,by
friendlymeansifthepartiesaccept.
(c) Coordinatingwiththeauthoritiesconcernedtoprotectcopyrightsandneighbouringrights.
(d) OtherfunctionsaslaiddowninthisAct,asnecessaryinordertoimplementtheAct,oras
allocatedtotheAuthoritybytheMinister.

SectionXV

ScopeofApplicabilityoftheAct

Article73

TheprovisionsinthisActconcerningtheprotectionofworksapplyto:

(a) WorksbyauthorswhoarecitizensoftheKingdomorwhoordinarilyresidethere.
(b) WorksfirstpublishedintheKingdom,orfirstpublishedinanotherStatethenpublishedin
theKingdomwithinthirtydaysoftheirpublicationabroad,irrespectiveoftheauthor'snationality
orplaceofresidence.
(c) Audiovisualworks,theproducersofwhichhavetheirprincipalheadquartersorplaceof
residenceintheKingdom.
(d) ArchitecturalworksconstructedintheKingdom,orotherartisticworksincorporatedintoa
buildingorintoanyotherinstallationlocatedintheKingdom.

Article74

TheprovisionsinthisActconcerningtheprotectionofperformersapplyto:

(a) PerformerswhoarecitizensoftheKingdom.
(b) PerformerswhoarenotcitizensoftheKingdom,inthefollowingcases:
(i) IftheperformancewaspresentedontheterritoryoftheKingdom.
(ii) Iftheperformancewasincludedinaphonogramprotectedundertheprovisionsofthis
Act.
(iii) IftheperformancewasincludedinabroadcasttransmissionprotectedunderthisAct,and
wasnotrecordedinaphonogram.

Article75

TheprovisionsinthisActconcerningtheprotectionofproducersofphonogramsapplyto:

(a) PhonogramstheproducersofwhicharecitizensoftheKingdom.
(b) PhonogramsthefirstfixationofwhichtookplaceintheKingdom.
(c) PhonogramsfirstpublishedintheKingdom.

Article76

TheprovisionsinthisActconcerningtheprotectionofbroadcastingorganisationsapply

to:
(a) Theprogrammesofbroadcastingorganisationswhichhavetheirmainofficeinthe
Kingdom.
(b) ProgrammestransmittedfromtransmittingstationssituatedintheKingdom.

Article77


page25

Withoutdetrimenttoarticles73to76ofthisAct,theprovisionsoftheActapplytoauthors,

performers,producersofphonogramsandbroadcastingorganisationswhoenjoyprotection
pursuanttoanybilateralorinternationaltreatyinforceintheKingdom.

Article78

The provisions of this Act apply to works, performances, phonograms and radio and

televisionprogrammescompletedortransmittedbeforethedatetheActcameintoforce,unless
the work has devolved to the public domain due to the expiry of the protection period
establishedinearlierlaworinthelegislationinforceinthecountryoforigin.

SectionXVI

ConcludingProvisions

Article79

TheMinistershallissuethedecisionsnecessarytoimplementtheprovisionsofthisAct.

Article80

DecreeLawNo.10of1993regardingtheProtectionofCopyrightsisabrogated.

Article81

ItisincumbentuponMinisters,eachaccordingtohisownfunctions,toimplementthisAct,

whichshallcomeintoforceonthedayfollowingitspublicationintheOfficialGazette.

HamadbinIsaAlKhalifa
KingoftheKingdomofBahrain

IssuedatRiffaPalace
on29JumadaIA.H.1427
(25JuneA.D.2006)


page26

ActNo.12oftheYear2008

amendingarticle13of

ActNo.22oftheYear2006

relatingtotheProtectionofCopyrightandNeighbouringRights

We,HamadbinIsaAlKhalifa,KingoftheKingdomofBahrain,havingexamined:

TheConstitution

ActNo.22of2006relatingtotheProtectionofCopyrightandNeighbouringRights,

do,withtheapprovaloftheConsultativeCouncilandtheCouncilofRepresentatives,ratifyand

issuethefollowingAct:

Article1

Thetextofthelastparagraphofarticle13ofActNo.22of2006relatingtotheProtection

ofCopyrightandNeighbouringRightsshallbereplacedwiththefollowingtext:
"TherightfulpartymaydepositworksprotectedundertheprovisionsofthisActwiththe

competentAuthority,andenterthoseworksintotheregisterestablishedforthatpurpose.
Thedepositofdepositionsorofworks,andtheirentryintotheregister,shallberegulated

byadecisionissuedbytheMinister.Suchentryshallnecessitatepaymentofafee,the
categoriesofwhicharedefinedbydecisionoftheMinister,afterhavingobtainedtheagreement
oftheCouncilofMinisters".

Article2

ItisincumbentuponMinisters,eachaccordingtohisownfunctions,toimplementthisAct,

whichshallcomeintoforceonthedayfollowingitspublicationintheOfficialGazette.

HamadbinIsaAlKhalifa
KingoftheKingdomofBahrain

IssuedatRiffaPalace
on21RabiIIA.H.1429