In a cardiac muscle cell, the membrane potential increases rapidly...

.when the sodium gates open and sodium diffuses into the cardiac muscle fiber

In a cardiac muscle cell, the membrane potential begins to decrease.

when calcium gates open and calcium diffuses into the cardiac muscle fiber

In a cardiac muscle cell, the membrane potential decreases rapidly..

when potassium gates open and potassium diffuses out of the cardiac muscle fiber

An action potential in a cardiac muscle fiber is identical to an action potential in a skeletal muscle
fiber. False
During an action potential, the cardiac muscle cell membrane is most permeable to sodium. True
The sinoatrial node membrane potential peaks when
calcium flows into the intracellular fluid and potassium trickles out of the intracellular
fluid.

During the initiation of repolarization...

potassium flows out of the intracellular fluid.
The sinoatrial node muscle fibers maintain a continual permeability to..
potassium ions.
The duration of a SA node action potential averages 0.30 seconds. True
The sinoatrial node has a 0.15 second recovery period between action potentials. False
Baroreceptors are located...
in the aorta and carotid arteries.
Action potentials are conducted from the baroreceptors to the brain via...
the vagus and phrenic nerves.
Heart rate and stroke volume decrease under decreased parasympathetic stimulation. False
Increased sympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation, bringing elevated blood pressure back to
normal. False
In the heart, an action potential originates in the.. atrioventricular node.
The sequence of travel by an action potential through the heart is...
sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje
fibers.
action potentials pass slowly through the atrioventricular node.
In the ventricles, the action potential travels along the interventricular septum to the apex of the
heart, where it then spreads superiorly along the ventricle walls. True

Action potentials are carried by the Purkinje fibers from the bundle branches to the ventricular
walls. True
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does aortic pressure reach its maximum? ventricular
ejection.
During which complete phase of the cardiac cycle do the atria both relax and contract?ventricular
filling
During which complete phase of the cardiac cycle do both the atria and ventricles relax?
isovolumetric ventricles relax
The audible heart sounds are caused by the contraction of the atria and ventricles. False
The P wave of the ECG coincides with ventricular filling. True
Ventricular systole causes... the atrioventricular valves to close, and then the semilunar
valves to open.

When the pressure in the ventricles becomes lower than the pressure in the atria...
the atrioventricular valves open.
The steps of the cardiac cycle in sequence are... isovolumic contraction, ejection, isovolumic
relaxation, active ventricular filling, passive ventricular filling
The beginning of ventricular systole is when blood flowing back toward the relaxed ventricles
causes the semilunar valves to close. False
The atria never need to contract due to passive ventricular filling. False
Each larger square (consisting of five smaller boxes) of the ECG graph paper running vertically
represents: 5mm
The term _morphology_____ means the shape of the various waves on the ECG.
The isoelectric line can be used as a baseline or reference point to identify changing electrical
amplitude. It is a flat line any time no electrical activity is occurring.
Their amplitude is 0.5 to 2.5 mm and duration is 0.06 to 0.10 seconds.
The impulse traveling through the His-Purkinje system is seen as a flat line called the: PR
segment (not J point)
The QRS complex is generally narrow and sharply pointed, follows the P wave and PR segment, is
larger in appearance than the P wave, and consists of three parts: the Q wave, the R wave, and
the S wave.
Wide, notched P waves indicate left atrial enlargement.
The limb leads provide information about electrical activity of the heart on the frontal plane.
A current traveling away from a positive electrode or toward a negative electrode produces a
waveform that points downward.
With lead II the positive electrode is positioned on the left leg. The waveforms should appear
upright or positive as depolarization of the heart flows toward the positive electrode.
The modified chest leads are particularly well suited for differentiating between supraventricular
and ventricular tachycardia.

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