Answers Chapter 17

Summary Questions 17.1 p209

1
2a
b
3

ethane; homologous; functional; atom; compound; chemical

formula of methane showing all atoms and bonds
C2H6O / C2H5OH
have same functional group/ have same general formula / have similar chemical properties/ regular
trend in physical properties

Summary Questions 17.2 p211

1 lighter; fractional; petroleum; excess; water
2a butane
b propene
3
H H H H

HCCCCH

H H H H
and
H H H

HCCCH

H H
H-C-H

Summary Questions 17.3 p213

1 lighter; fractional; petroleum; excess; water
2a methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
b carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide
c hydrogen + oxygen water
3 gives out more heat / energy per grams/ non-polluting or low amount of pollution / safe to
transport/ easy to use/ (readily available and cheap)

Summary Questions 17.4 p215

1
2

fractions; hydrocarbons; boiling; fractionating; higher; condense

petroleum / crude oil heated and vaporised

enters fractionation tower at bottom

temperature gradient in the tower

smaller/ lighter molecules move further up the tower

molecules condense at places where the temperature in the

column falls to just below their boiling point
3a fuel for power stations, ships and home heating
b fuel for jet aircraft and heating
c making chemicals

Chapter 17 Summary Questions p216

1

naphtha making chemicals

bitumen surfacing roads
light gas oil fuel for diesel engines

kerosene jet fuel

ethane; homologous; alkanes; functional; alcohols; alkenes
bitumen>fuel oil> kerosene> naphtha> refinery gas
methane natural gas
coal solid fuel
petroleum thick liquid mixture
fraction molecules with similar boiling points
hydrogen gaseous fuel

5a -OH b >C=C< c -C- H d - COOH

6a compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
bi
H H H H H

HCCCCCH

H H H H H
2
3
4

H H H H

HCCCCH

H H H
H-C-H

H
H

H-C-H
H H

HCCCH

H H
H-C-H

H
ii

H H H H

HCC=CCH

H
H
H
H H

C=CCCH

H H H H
H
H

HC=CCH

H
H-C-H

iii

H H H H

HCCCCO-H

H H H H
H H H H

HCCCCH

H OH H H
H OH H

HCCCH

H H
H-C-H

Chapter 17 Exam Questions p216-217

1 B
2 C
3ai group of molecules / hydrocarbons with similar boiling points
ii compound containing carbon and hydrogen only
b Any three of:
temperature gradient in column or hot at bottom and cooler at top/
hydrocarbons of different sizes or masses/
rise to different level in the column/
according to their boiling points/
they condense when the temperature is just below the boiling point
ci jet fuel / heating
ii any two fractions (1 mark each)
any two correct uses corresponding to these fractions (1 mark each)
[2]
see fig 17.4.2 p 215 for possible answers
d fractions; shorter; lower; mass; condense (1 mark each)
4a exothermic
bi any gaseous fuel e.g. hydrogen, methane/ natural gas,
any liquid fuel e.g. ethanol, kerosene, petrol
ii each of three disadvantages related to use of stated fuel (1 mark each)
e.g. hydrogen flammable: kerosene flammable; coal sulfur dioxide formed causes
breathing difficulties/ acid rain
ci (hydrocarbon) with general formula CnH2n+2
ii C2H6
iii structure of methane showing all atoms and bonds
d have same functional group/ have same general formula / have similar chemical properties/
regular trend in physical properties
5a A + C
b C
c B
d ethanoic acid
e CH4O/ CH3OH
f
structural formula for an alkane other than ethane showing all atoms and bonds
gi -OH
ii -COOH
6a mixture of hydrocarbons from the Earths crust/ under the ground;
formed from action of heat or pressure (either) on dead animals/ plants
b D

[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[3]

[1]
[2]

[5]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[3]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]

c A
[1]
d gasoline
[1]
e 1 mark for any two fraction; 3 marks for any three correct points relating to position and/or
use (from columns 2 and 3). These must be related to the fractions stated.
[4]
for the use NOT: fuel without qualification
fraction
where it condenses
use
refinery gas
above gasoline
heating/ cooking
naphtha
between gasoline and kerosene
making chemicals
diesel oil/ light gas oil
below kerosene above lubricating oil
fuel for lorries
fuel oil
below kerosene above lubricating oil
fuel for ships etc
bitumen
below lubricating oil
for road surfaces etc
7a group of compounds having have same functional group/ have same general formula / have
similar chemical properties/ regular trend in physical properties
[1]
b CnH2n+1OH
[1]
c
C5H12
[1]
C6H14
[1]
di
H H H H

H C C C C O - H or OH in 2 position
[1]

H H H H
ii isomer of the alcohol drawn in part di (allow branched chain isomers)
[1]
iii compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
[1]