TECHNICAL REPORT

Magnetic Testing in the welds of

the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 1 of 17

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of the Upper Wagon
Central Deck Q1000/C an Q1000/D

March 2015
WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.
Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 2 of 17

Panama, March 2015

Gentlemen:
Cimolai Technology, S. p. A.
Attention. Alessandro Boscaro.
REF:

Magnetic Testing Inspection and Reinspection of welds of

Upper Wagon Central Deck
Cot C1502-021S

Respected Engineer

Attached Technical Magnetic Testing Report, by WDS Ingeniera, S.A.,

Testing conducted in welds of Upper Wagon Central Deck in the Panama
Canal expansion.

This report contains observations and conclusions relating to the service.

Best regards

ENG. Daniel Rivero

ASNT-TC-1A Level II PT, VT, MT.
Level II UT, ECT
AWS Member No 675950
WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.
Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 3 of 17

CONTENT.

1. OBJECTIVE
2. INSPECTION DATE, PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENTS
3. DEFINITIONS
4. PROCEDURE
5. ACCEPTANCE AND REJECT CRITERIA
6. INSPECTION RESULTS
7. CONCLUSSIONS
8. ANNEXES

WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.

Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 4 of 17

1. OBJECTIVE.
Evaluate the condition of the welds of the Upper Wagon Central Deck,
trough magnetic testing (MT).

2. INSPECTION DATE, PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENTS.

The inspections were made on March 4th 2015.
The personnel involved in the testing was:
- Eng Cuicas Wisthon, ASNT-TC-1A Level II: VT, PT, MT, and UT.
The equipment used was:
Magnetic Test (MT)
- MAGNAFLUX red magnetic particles (Dry).
- MAGNAFLUX Magnetic Yoke, Serial # 1858.

WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.

Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 5 of 17

3. DEFINITIONS.
Principle: The magnetic particle method is based on establishing a
magnetic field with high flux density in a ferromagnetic material. The flux
lines must spread out when they pass through non-ferromagnetic material
such as air in a discontinuity or an inclusion. Because flux lines cannot
cross, this spreading action may force some of the flux lines out of the
material (flux leakage). Flux leakage is also caused by reduction in
ferromagnetic material (cross-sectional change), a Sharp dimensional
change, or the end of the part. If the flux leakage is strong enough, fine
magnetic particles will be held in place and an accumulation of particles
will be visible under the proper lighting conditions. While there are
variations in the magnetic particle method, they all are dependent on this
principle, that magnetic particles will be retained at the locations of
magnetic flux leakage. The amount of flux leakage at discontinuities
depends primarily on the following factors; flux density in the material,
and size, orientation, and proximity to the surface of a discontinuity. With
longitudinal fields, all of the flux lines must complete their loops though
air and an excessively strong magnetic field may interfere with
examination near the flux entry and exit points due to the high fluxdensity present at these points.
Method: there are three steps essential to the method:

The part must be magnetized.

Magnetic particles of the type designated in the contract/purchase
order/specification should be applied while the part is magnetized
or immediately thereafter.
Any accumulation of magnetic particles must be observed,
interpreted, and evaluated.

Ways to Magnetize: A ferromagnetic material can be magnetized either

by passing an electric current through the material or by placing the
material within a magnetic field originated by an external source. The
entire mass or a portion of the mass can be magnetized as dictated by
WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.
Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 6 of 17

size and equipment capacity or need. As previously noted, in order to be

detectable, the discontinuity must interrupt the normal path of the
magnetic field lines. If a discontinuity is open to the surface, the flux
leakage attracting the particles will be at the maximum value for that
particular discontinuity. When that same discontinuity is below the
surface, flux leakage evident on the surface will be a lesser value.
Field Direction: If a discontinuity is oriented parallel to the magnetic
field lines, it may be essentially undetectable. Therefore, since
discontinuities may occur in any orientation, it may be necessary to
magnetize the part or the area of interest twice or more sequentially in
different directions by the same method or a combination of different
methods to induce magnetic field lines in a suitable direction in which to
perform an adequate examination.
Field Strength: The magnetic field must be of sufficient strength to
indicate those discontinuities which are unacceptable, yet must not be so
strong that an excess of local particle accumulation masks relevant
indications
Types of Magnetic Particles and Their Use: There are various types
of magnetic particles available for use in magnetic particle testing. They
are available as dry powders (fluorescent and nonfluorescent) ready for
use as supplied, powder concentrates (fluorescent and nonfluorescent)
for dispersion in water or suspending in light petroleum distillates,
magnetic slurries/paints, and magnetic polymer dispersions.
Evaluation of Indications: When the material to be examined has been
properly magnetized, the magnetic particles have been properly applied,
and the excess particles properly removed, there will be accumulations of
magnetic particles remaining at the points of flux leakage. These
accumulations show the distortion of the magnetic field and are called
indications. Without disturbing the particles, the indications must be
WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.
Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 7 of 17

examined, classified, compared with the acceptance standards, and a

decision made concerning the disposition of the material that contains the
indication.
Typical Magnetic Particle Indications:
Surface Discontinuities: Surface discontinuities, with few
exceptions, produce sharp, distinct patterns.
Near-surface discontinuities: Near-surface discontinuities
produce less distinct indications than those open to the surface. The
patterns tend to be broad, rather than sharp, and the particles are
less tightly held.
Yokes: Yokes are usually C-shaped electromagnets which induce a
magnetic field between the poles (legs) and are used for local
magnetization. Many portable yokes have articulated legs (poles) that
allow the legs to be adjusted to contact irregular surfaces or two surfaces
that join at an angle.

USE A YOKE AS TOOL FOR INSPECTION

Yoke: Examination of large surface areas for
surface-type discontinuities.
Advantages
Limitations
1. No electrical contact.
2. Highly portable.
3. Can locate
discontinuities in any
direction with proper
orientation.

1. Time consuming.
2. Must be
systematically
repositioned in view of
random discontinuity
orientation.

Yoke, dry powders

WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.

Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 8 of 17

Dry Particles: Dry magnetic powders are designed to be used as supplied

and are applied by spraying or using directly onto the surface of the part
being examined. They are generally used on an expendable basis because
of the requirement to maintain particle size and control possible
contamination. Reuse is not a normal practice. Dry powders may also be
used under extreme environmental conditions. They are not affected by
cold; therefore examination can be carried out at temperatures that would
thicken or freeze wet baths. They are also heat resistant; some powders
may be usable at temperatures up to 600F (315C). Some colored,
organic coatings applied to dry particles to improve contrast lose their
color at temperatures this high, making the contrast less effective.
Fluorescent dry particles cannot be used at this high a temperature; the
manufacturer should be contacted for the temperature limitations.
USE A DRY PARTICLES FOR INSPECTION
Advantages
Disadvantages
The dry magnetic particle technique is The dry magnetic particle technique:
generally superior to the wet technique for (a) cannot be used in confined areas without
detection of near-surface discontinuities on proper safety breathing apparatus;
parts with a gross indication size:
(b) can be difficult to use in overhead
(a) for large objects when using portable magnetizing positions;
equipment for local magnetization;
(c) does not always leave evidence of complete
(b) superior particle mobility is obtained for coverage of part surface as with the wet
relatively deep-seated flaws using halfwave technique;
rectified current as the magnetizing source;
(d) is likely to have lower production rates
(c) easy for removal.
than the wet technique; and
(e) is difficult to adapt to any type of automatic
system.

Dry Continuous Magnetization Technique: Unlike a wet suspension,

dry particles lose most of their mobility when they contact the surface of
a part. Therefore, it is imperative that the part/area of interest be under
the influence of the applied magnetic field while the particles are still
airborne and free to be attracted to leakage fields. This dictates that the
flow of magnetizing current be initiated prior to the application of dry
magnetic particles and terminated after the application of powder has
WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.
Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 9 of 17

been completed and any excess has been blown off. Magnetizing with HW
current and AC current provide additional particle mobility on the surface
of the part. Examination with dry particles is usually carried out in
conjunction with prod-type or yoke localized magnetizations, and buildup
of indications is observed as the particles are being applied.
4. PROCEDURE.
The procedure is developed based on the standard ASTM E-709-08. What
is summarized in the following steps:
a. Cleaning the inspection area (Chapter 9).
b. Continues magnetization in one direction (using the electromagnetic
yoke).
c. Application of the visible particles (red) dry powder.
d. First evaluation (Chapters 10 and 16).
e. Continues magnetization perpendicular to the first direction of
assessment (using the electromagnetic yoke).
f. Final evaluation (Chapters 10 and 16).
g. Demagnetization (Chapter 18).
h. Cleaning post evaluation (Chapter 19).
i. Demarcation of indications.
j. Filling of the sheet technical report. In accordance with Chapters 17 and
21 of ASTM E-709-08.
5. ACCEPTANCE OR REJECT CRITERIA.
Acceptance or reject criteria was according to AWS D1.1 STRUCTURAL
WELDING CODE.
6. INSPECTION RESULTS.
During the Magnetic Testing Inspection of the 100% of the welds
belonging to Upper Wagon Central Deck Q1000/D and Q1000/C relevant
discontinuities were detected.
WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.
Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 10 of 17

Magnetic Testing Inspection in the welds of the

Upper Wagon Central Deck Q1000/C
Weld

Stamping

W1
W2
W3
W4

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

W5

N/A

W6
W7
W8

N/A
N/A
N/A

Result
Accept
Reject
X
X
X
X

Defects determination

Ubication
Superficial

Length
160mm

Superficial

160mm
and 80mm
160mm
and 30mm

X
X

Superficial
Superficial

110mm
100mm
and 30mm

X
X

COMMENTS:

COMPANY
SIGNATURE
NAME
DATE

MADE BY

REVIEWED BY

APPROVED BY

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

03-09-2015

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

03-09-2015

ENG. Daniel Rivero

03-09-2015

WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.

Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 11 of 17

Magnetic Testing Reinspection in the welds of

the Upper Wagon Central Deck Q1000/C
Weld

Stamping

Ubication
W1
W4
W5
W7
W8

Result
Accept
Reject
X
X
X
X
X

Defects determination

Length

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

COMMENTS:

COMPANY
SIGNATURE
NAME
DATE

MADE BY

REVIEWED BY

APPROVED BY

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

03-09-2015

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

03-09-2015

ENG. Daniel Rivero

03-09-2015

WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.

Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 12 of 17

Magnetic Testing Inspection in the welds of the

Upper Wagon Central Deck Q1000/D
Weld

Stamping

Result
Accept
Reject
X

Defects determination

Ubication
Superficial

Length
160mm
and 70mm

W1

N/A

W2
W3

N/A
N/A

Superficial

21mm and
30mm

W4
W5

N/A
N/A

Superficial

W6

N/A

Superficial

W7
W8

N/A
N/A

Superficial
Superficial

45mm,
20mm and
85mm
60mm and
65mm
65mm
90mm and
60mm

X
X
X

COMMENTS:

COMPANY
SIGNATURE
NAME
DATE

MADE BY

REVIEWED BY

APPROVED BY

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

03-09-2015

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

03-09-2015

ENG. Daniel Rivero

03-09-2015

WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.

Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 13 of 17

Magnetic Testing Reinspection in the welds of

the Upper Wagon Central Deck Q1000/D
Weld

Stamping

Ubication
W1
W3
W5
W6
W7
W8

Result
Accept
Reject
X
X
X
X
X
X

Defects determination

Length

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

COMMENTS:

COMPANY
SIGNATURE
NAME
DATE

MADE BY

REVIEWED BY

APPROVED BY

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

03-09-2015

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

03-09-2015

ENG. Daniel Rivero

03-09-2015

WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.

Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 14 of 17

7. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.

All indications found were repaired.

All welds were APPROVED after the repairment.

WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.

Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 15 of 17

8. ANNEXES

WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.

Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 16 of 17

PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD

WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.

Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com

TECHNICAL REPORT
Magnetic Testing in the welds of
the Upper Wagon Central Deck
Rev: 0

March 2015

Page 17 of 17

WDS INGENIERIA, S.A.

Inspected by:

Report written by:

Report reviewed by:

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Wisthon Cuicas

ENG. Daniel Rivero

Calle Ferrer Arias, Edif Dos Mares View, Apto 2D, Dos Mares, Ciudad de Panam
+507 391 0946 / +507 6668 1761
wdsingenieria@gmail.com