1.

Adverbs of sequences and adverbs of frequency

* Que es un Adverb? Los adverbios en ingls se pueden clasificar en las siguientes
categoras: Adverbios de modo, adverbios de lugar, adverbios de tiempo, adverbios de
duracin, adverbios de frecuencia, adverbios de orden, adverbios de grado, adverbios
de certeza

1. De Modo - How?
well, better, fast, slowly, carefully, easily,
2. De Lugar - Where?
here, there, above, everywhere, away,
3. De Tiempo - When?
now, early, late, soon, already, tomorrow,
4. De Duracin - How long?
all week, for a while, since yesterday,
5. De Frecuencia - How often?
always, never, often, once a day,
6. De Orden - In what order?
firstly, secondly, lastly, finally,
7. De Grado - To what degree?
To very, completely, greatly, extremely,
8. De Certeza - How sure?
certainly, indeed, of course, perhaps,

Adverbs of Frequency :
Estos adverbios nos indican la periodicidad con la que se realiza
saberlo, preguntamos "how often?"( que tan seguido)
always (lweis) annually (niuali) - every day (vri
siempre
anualmente
di) - todos los das
usually (ishuali) - yearly (erli) ever (ver) habitualmente
anualmente
alguna vez
frequently
monthly (mnzli) - yearly (arli) (frkuentli) mensualmente
anualmente
frecuentemente
weekly (ukli) every month (vri
often (fen) - a
semanalmente
mnz) - todos los
menudo
daily (dili)
meses
sometimes
diariamente
every year (vri
(smtims) algunas hourly (uerli) - a
er) - todos los aos
veces
cada hora
normally (nrmali)
occasionally
- normalmente
(okishonali) regularly
ocasionalmente
(rgiularli)
rarely (rrli) - casi
regularmente
nunca
seldom (sldom) casi nunca
hardly ever (jrdli
ver) - casi nunca
never (nver) nunca

una accin. Para

once (uns) - una
vez
twice (tchuis) dos veces
three times (zri
tims) - tres veces
once a day (uns
e di) - una vez al
da
twice a month
(tchuis a mnz) dos veces al mes
every other day
(vri oder di) cada dos das
every day (vri
di) - todos los das
from time to
time (from tim
tchu tim) - de vez
en cuando
once in a while
(uns i a uil) - de
vez en cuando
every now and

then (evri nu an
den) - de vez en
cuando

I always have corn flakes for breakfast.

Siempre como copos de maz para el desayuno.
They usually spend the summer in the mountains.
Ellos por lo general pasan el verano en las montaas.
We frequently water our garden when it's hot.
Con frecuencia regamos nuestro jardn cuando est caluroso.
You often dine at Peter's, don't you?
Usted a menudo cena en lo de Peter, verdad?
Ben sometimes goes to the theater.
Ben a veces va al teatro.
Janet occasionally visits her parents.
Janet de vez en cuando visita a sus padres.
Mrs. Hills rarely leaves home after 10:00 p.m.
La Sra. Hills raramente se marcha de su casa despus de las 22hs.
Mr. Robins seldom drives at night.
El Sr. Robins rara vez conduce por la noche.
Oliver hardly ever buys new clothes.
Oliver casi nunca compra la nueva ropa.
They never go hiking.
Ellos nunca van de excursin.

This report must be written annually.

Este informe debe ser escrito anualmente.
Please submit a new project yearly.
Por favor presente un nuevo proyecto cada ao.
The bank sends us our statement of account monthly.
El banco nos enva nuestro extracto de cuenta mensualmente.
This magazine is published weekly.
Esta revista es publicada semanalmente.
A nurse visits aunt Sarah daily.
Una enfermera visita a la ta Sarah diariamente.
The news is broadcast hourly.
El noticiero es transmitido cada hora.
Our children walk to school every day.
Nuestros nios caminan a la escuela todos los das.
Have you ever been to the United Kingdom?
Ha estado alguna vez usted al Reino Unido?
Yearly she visits the east coast.
Cada ao ella visita la costa del este.
Jack gives a party every month.
Jack da una fiesta todos los meses.
Mr. Benson writes a new novel every year.
El Sr. Benson escribe una nueva novela todos los aos.

We normally go out to dinner on Fridays.

Normalmente salimos a cenar afuera los viernes.
Mrs. Brown goes to church regularly.
La Sra. Brown va a la iglesia con regularidad.
I've seen a white tiger once.
He visto a un tigre blanco una vez.
Tom's been to Miami twice.
Tom ha estado en Miami dos veces.
She buys flowers three times a week.
Ella compra flores tres veces por semana.
Mary washes the dishes once a day.
Mary lava los platos una vez al da.
They play golf twice a month.
Ellos juegan al golf dos veces al mes.
Betsy does the household chores every other day.
Betsy hace las tareas de casa cada dos das.
Mrs. Clark goes shopping every day.
La Sra. Clark va de compras todos los das.
We sail our boat from time to time.
Navegamos en nuestro barco de vez en cuando.
Once in a while, I bake home-made bread.
De vez en cuando, horneo pan casero.
Karen cooks dinner herself every now and then.
Karen cocina la cena ella misma de vez en cuando.

Adverbs of Sequence:
Se utilizan para expresar el orden en que se suceden los hechos, nos ayudan a
enumerar:
first (frst) - primero
lastly (lstli) - por ltimo, finalmente
at first (at frst) - al principio
at last (at lst) - por fin, finalmente
initially (inshali) - inicialmente
finally (finali) - finalmente
first of all (frst ov l) - antes que nada
eventually (evnchualy) - finalmente
in the first place (in de frst plis) - en
in the end (in di end) - al final
primer lugar
secondly (scondli) - en segundo lugar
thirdly (zrdli) - en tercer lugar
fourthly (forzli) - en cuarto lugar

First, she screamed, then she ran away.

Primero ella grit y luego huy.
At first I liked the book but then it got very boring.
Al principio me gust el libro pero luego se volvi muy aburrido.
Initially he checked the microphone.
Al principio l prob el micrfono.

First of all, I'll introduce myself.

En primer lugar, me presentar.
In the first place, let me give you an overview of the course.
En primer lugar, djeme darle una vista general del curso.
Secondly, we'll discuss what you expect from my lectures.
En segundo lugar, hablaremos de lo que usted espera de mis conferencias.
Thirdly, I'll test your language skills.
En tercer lugar, probar sus conocimientos de la lengua.
Fourthly, you'll have a chance to ask me questions.
En cuarto lugar, usted tendr una posibilidad para hacerme preguntas.
Lastly, let me summarize the main points of my presentation.
Finalmente, djeme resumir los principales puntos de mi presentacin.
At last, I'd like to express my ideas about the facts.
Por fin, me gustara expresar mis ideas sobre los hechos.
Finally, I'd like to repeat the three major issues.
Finalmente, me gustara repetir las tres cuestiones principales.
The plane eventually departed two hours late.
El avin finalmente se march dos horas tarde.
Harry had applied to university many times, and in the end, he was
admitted.
ingreso a la universidad muchas veces y, al final, fue admitido.

Adverbs of Indefinite Frequency

Look at these examples of adverbs of indefinite frequency:
100%

50%

0%

always, constantly
usually, normally
frequently, regularly
often
sometimes
occasionally
rarely, infrequently
seldom
hardly ever
never

Adverbs of indefinite frequency mainly go in MID position in the sentence. They go before
the main verb (except the main verb "to be"):

We usually go shopping on Saturday.

I have often done that.

She is always late.

Occasionally, sometimes, often, frequently and usually can also go at the beginning or end
of a sentence:

Sometimes they come and stay with us.

I play tennis occasionally.

Rarely and seldom can also go at the end of a sentence (often with "very"):

We see them rarely.

John eats meat very seldom.

2.Different verb forms

Imperative: El modo imperativo es un modo gramatical, empleado para expresar
mandatos, rdenes o solicitudes taxativas.( admite discusin, obligatorio, etc)
Ejemplo :

"Por favor, no se estacione frente al hospital o se llamar a una gra", es una

solicitud, pero es un imperativo que se debe obedecer si no quiere que remolquen su
auto.

Uno mejor es: "Por favor, no fume dentro del restaurante", otra solicitud imperativa
y adems se debe obedecer a la fuerza porque la ley dice que no se puede fumar en
espacios cerrados, entonces no es de si quiere o no, es obligatorio.

En ingls no se usa el imperativo tanto como en el espaol. En general, se usa para dar
rdenes, instrucciones o advertencias. Las frases imperativas se construyen de manera

diferente a las afirmativas: no se utiliza un sujeto porque se supone que el sujeto es siempre
"you" y el verbo principal va en la forma infinitiva.
1. El imperativo afirmativo
Estructura Verbo + nombre, adjetivo...
o

Ejemplos:

Do your homework!
Play
Do your homework! (Haz los deberes!)

Wash your hands!

Play
Wash your hands! (Lavaros las manos!)

Tell me the truth!

Play
Tell me the truth! (Dime la verdad!)

2. El imperativo negativo
Estructura Verbo auxiliar ("to do") + auxiliar negativo ("not") + verbo + nombre,
adjetivo...
o
o

Do not lie to me!

Play
Do not lie to me! (No me mientas!)

Do not wash in the washing machine.

Play
Do not wash in the washing machine. (No lo lave en la lavadora.)

Don't hit your sister!

Play
Don't hit your sister! (No le pegues a tu hermana!)

Si queremos incluirnos a nosotros mismos, usamos "let's".

Ejemplos:

Let's go!
Play
Let's go! (Nos vamos!)

Let's not fight.

Play
Let's not fight. (No nos peleemos.)

Give me that book!

Clean your room!
Do your homework.
Take the dog for a walk, please.
Dont touch that!
Do come to visit us whenever youre in town.
Push!
You can use the imperative form to give an order, to give a warning or advice, and (if you use
"please") to make a request.

Infinitive:

El infinitivo es llamado en ingls: Infinitive y es una de las 3

formas no personales de un verbo junto con el gerundio y el
participio.

Formacin del Infinitivo

Construir el infinitivo en ingls es muy simple, slo hay que
aadir "to" a la raz verbal:
to eat
comer
to do
hacer
Como excepcin los verbos modales no llevan "to" en el
infinitivo, pero suerte slo son unos pocos:
Infinitivo

Significado

can

poder

may

poder

must

deber

Infinitivo sin to
En ingls se le llama al infinitivo sin "to": bare infinitive, por
contra al infinitivo con "to" se le denomina full infinitive o toinfinitive.

Uso del Infinitivo sin "to"

El infinitivo sin 'to' se usa en los siguientes tiempos
verbales:
Tiempo Verbal
Presente Simple
(Present Simple)

Ejemplo
I play
yo juego
*Para la tercera persona
al infinitivo se le aade una "-s"

El Condicional Simple
(Conditional simple)

I would play
yo jugara

Pasado Simple
(Past Simple)

*Se usa el infinitivo

en oraciones negativas
o interrogativas:
I didn't play
yo no jugu

Futuro Simple
(Future Simple)

I will play
yo jugar

Imperativo
(Imperative)

play
juega

Uso del Infinitivo con "to"

El infinitivo con 'to' se usa en el siguiente tiempo verbal:
Futuro going to
(Future going to)

I am going to play
yo voy a ir a jugar

Verbos seguidos de Infinitivo

Numerosos verbos pueden completar su significado con otro
en infinitivo:
I am trying to start my car
Estoy intentando arrancar mi coche
I prefer to travel by plane
prefiero viajar en avin
A continuacin os mostramos los principales verbos que les
sigue un infinitivo:
Verbo

Significado

agree

estar de acuerdo

aim

aspirar

appear

aparecer

arrange

organizar

ask*

preguntar

attempt

intentar

be able

ser capaz de

beg*

mendigar

care

cuidar

claim

reclamar

consent

consentir

decide

decidir

demand

exigir

deserve

merecer

expect*

esperar

fail

fallar

hesitate

titubear

hope

tener esperanza

learn

aprender

manage

dirigir

mean

significar

need*

necesitar

offer

ofrecer

plan

planear

prefer

preferir

prepare

preparar

pretend

fingir

promise

prometer

refuse

rechazar

seem

parecer

struggle

luchar

swear

jurar

try

intentar

use

usar

wait

esperar

want*

querer

wish

desear

Los verbos con *, se pueden construir tanto con objeto o no,

mejor se ve con un ejemplo:
I want her to love me
yo quiero que ella me ame
I want to love me
yo quiero que me ame

Verbos seguidos de un objeto ms

Infinitivo
Hay verbos que adicionalmente al infinitivo, siempre necesitan
un objeto:
we don't allow our boys to play with guns
nosotros no permitimos a nuestros chicos jugar con pistolas
Verbo

Significado

allow

permitir

cause

causar

challenge

desafiar

forbid

prohibir

force

forzar

hire

contratar

instruct

instruir

invite

invitar

order

ordenar

permit

permitir

require

requerir

teach

ensear

tell

decir

Basically, an infinitive verb is a verb with the word to in front of it.

to be

to have

to hold

to sleep

to dream

When you use an infinitive verb, the to is a part of the verb. It is not acting as a
preposition in this case. And the verb is always just the verb. Its not conjugated in anyway
no -ed, no -ing, no -s on the end. Sometimes youll see sentences like this:

She went from kissing him to slapping him in no time.

You see to slapping, and its easy to think thats an infinitive verb, but it isnt. Its a
preposition (to) and a gerund (slapping). You can tell its not an infinitive because of the
-ing on the end of the verb. Infinitives never have an -ing ending.
1. as the subject of a sentence To err is human; to forgive, divine.
2. like an adjective or adverb phrase that expresses purpose or intent My instructions
are to press this button every hour.
3. following a direct object He told me to give this to you.
4. following certain other verbs:

afford We cant afford to eat out every night.

agree Lets agree to disagree.

aim I aim to please.

appear She appears to have the chicken pox.

arrange Ill arrange to meet you at 3:00.

attempt We attempted to contact him several times.

determined They are determined to finish the race.

beg She begged to stay up past her bed time.

care Would you care to dance?

choose Hell always choose to eat pizza if given the choice.

claim They claim to have been home all night.

dare Do you dare to approach me?

decide We decided to get married in a hot air balloon.

demand I demand to know who said that!

deserve You deserve to have all you want in life.

expect Do you expect to see her any time soon?

fail She failed to achieve any of her goals.

happen I happen to have all the things you need.

help It would help to be able to swim.

hesitate He hesitated to ask for the day off.

Gerund :(Gerundio)

El gerundio y el infinitivo son formas de los verbos que actuan como nombres. El
gerundio se forma con "-ing" (walking, eating, etc.). Como hemos visto en la leccin sobre
los verbos, el infinitivo se forma con la preposicin "to" (to walk, to eat, etc.).
1. Cuando un verbo sigue a otro verbo, siempre necesitamos usar el infinitivo o el
gerundio. Normalmente usamos el infinitivo despus de algunos verbos y el
gerundio despus de otros. Tambin hay verbos con los que podemos usar el
gerundio o el infinitivo.
Verbo

Gerundio

Infinitivo

Afford
Play

Afford
Agree
Play

Agree
Attempt
Play

Attempt
Begin
Play

Begin
Choose
Play

Choose
Continue
Play

Continue
Decide

Play
Decide
Detest
Play

Detest
Enjoy
Play

Enjoy
Expect
Play

Expect
Fail
Play

Fail
Finish
Play

Finish
Hate
Play

Hate
Hope
Play

Hope
Imagine

Play
Imagine
Intend
Play

Intend
Keep
Play

Keep
Learn
Play

Learn
Like
Play

Like
Love
Play
Love
Manage
Play

Manage
Need
Play

Need
Offer

Play
Offer
Plan
Play

Plan
Prefer
Play

Prefer
Promise
Play

Promise
Quit
Play

Quit
Recommend
Play

Recommend
Refuse
Play

Refuse
Regret
Play

Regret
Seem

Play
Seem
Start
Play

Start
Suggest
Play

Suggest
Tend
Play

Tend
Threaten
Play

Threaten
Tolerate
Play

Tolerate
Try
Play

Try
Understand
Play

Understand
Want

Play
Want
Wish
Play

Wish

When a verb ends in -ing, it may be a present participle or it may be a gerund. It is

important to understand that they are not the same.
When we use a verb in -ing form more like a verb or an adjective, it is usually a present
participle:

Anthony is fishing.

I have a boring teacher.

When we use a verb in -ing form more like a noun, it is usually a gerund:

Fishing is fun.

Ejemplos:

I can't afford to buy a new car.

Play
I can't afford to buy a new car. (No puedo permitirme comprar un coche
nuevo.)

He began to doubt himself. He began doubting himself.

Play
He began to doubt himself./He began doubting himself. (Comenz a dudar
de s mismo.)

They decided to move to Australia in May.

Play
They decided to move to Australia in May. (Decidieron mudarse a Australia
en Mayo.)
o

I enjoy listening to music.

Play
I enjoy listening to music. (Disfruto escuchar msica.)

She hates studying. She hates to study.

Play
She hates studying./She hates to study. (Odia estudiar.)

You love dancing. You love to dance.

Play
You love dancing./You love to dance. (Te encanta bailar.)

He needed to leave class early because he had an appointment.

Play
He needed to leave class early because he had an appointment. (Tena que
salir de la clase pronto porque tena una cita.)

She can't tolerate complaining.

Play
She can't tolerate complaining. (No puede tolerar quejas.)

I tried learning English. I tried to learn English.

Play
I tried learning English./I tried to learn English. (He intentado aprender
ingls.)

My mother could retire, but she keeps working.

Play

My mother could retire, but she keeps working. (Mi madre podra jubilarse,
pero sigue trabajando.)

Podemos usar el gerundio o el infinitivo como objeto, sujeto o complemento de

una frase, pero en general, es mucho ms comn usar el gerundio como sujeto.
o

Ejemplos:

Objeto:

I like cooking. I like to cook.

Play
I like cooking./I like to cook. (Me gusta cocinar.)

She continued working. She continued to work.

Play
She continued working./She continued to work. (Continu trabajando.)

Sujeto:

Swimming is good exercise.

Play
Swimming is good exercise. (Nadar es un buen ejercicio.)

Drinking and driving is dangerous.

Play
Drinking and driving is dangerous. (Beber y conducir es peligroso.)

Complemento:

The best thing to do when you are sick is to drink a lot of water.
Play
The best thing to do when you are sick is to drink a lot of water. (Lo mejor
que puedes hacer cuando ests enfermo es beber mucha agua.)

My favorite exercise is swimming.

Play
My favorite exercise is swimming. (Mi ejercicio favorito es la natacin.)

Con algunos verbos, cuando usamos el gerundio o el infinitivo, el significado

cambia.
forget, mean, remember, stop...
o

Ejemplos:

Gerundio:

I forgot writing that email.

Play
I forgot writing that email. (Me olvid escribiendo ese correo electrnico.)

Infinitivo:

I forgot to write that email.

Play
I forgot to write that email. (Me olvid de escribir el correo electrnico.)

Gerundio:

Stop watching the news.

Play
Stop watching the television. (Dejar de ver las noticias.)

Infinitivo:

Stop to watch the news.

Play
Stop to watch the news. (Parar para ver las noticias.)

Se usa el infinitivo despus de adjetivos.

disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised...

Ejemplos:

I'm glad to see you.

Play
I'm glad to see you. (Me alegro de verte.)

She was surprised to find the door unlocked.

Play
She was surprised to find the door unlocked. (Se sorprendi al encontrar la
puerta abierta.)

Despus de preposiciones solo podemos usar el gerundio.

about, against, at, after, before, by, on, without...
o

Ejemplos:

He's good at listening.

Play
He's good at listening. (Escucha bien.)

I always read before going to bed.

Play
I always read before going to bed. (Siempre leo antes de acostarme.)

You can't leave without saying goodbye.

Play
You can't leave without saying goodbye. (No puedes salir sin despedirte.)

Se usa el gerundio despus de unos nombres.

advantage/disadvantage of, danger of, experience in, interested in, opportunity of,
reason for, problem, use...
o

Ejemplos:

What is the advantage of waiting?

Play
What is the advantage of waiting? (Cul es la ventaja de esperar?)

I am interested in taking an English class.

Play
I am interested in taking an English class. (Estoy interesado en tomar una
clase de ingls.)

His problem finding a new jow was his lack of experience.

Play
His problem finding a new job was his lack of experience. (Su problema
para encontrar un nuevo empleo era su falta de experiencia.)

Se usa el gerundio despus de unas expresiones o verbos frasales.

to look forward to, to be worth, can't help, don't mind, feel like...
o

Ejemplos:

We're really looking fordward to seeing you.

Play
We're really looking forward to seeing you. (Tenemos muchas ganas de
verte.)

The movie was not worth seeing.

Play
That movie was not worth seeing. (No vale la pena ver esa pelcula.)

I can't help falling in love.

Play
I can't help falling in love. (No puedo evitar enamorarme.)

El pasado perfecto en ingls corresponde al pluscuamperfecto de espaol. En general, lo

usamos para acciones que han ocurrido antes de otra accin en el pasado.

Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales)

Form (Forma)
Igual que en el presente perfecto, se forma el pasado perfecto con el verbo auxiliar "to
have" y el participio pasado. El verbo auxiliar estar en pasado.
Subject
Auxiliary Short Form
Past Participle
I, You, He, She, It, We,
I'd, you'd, he'd, she'd,
had
studied, visited, worked...
They
it'd, we'd, they'd
Note: Ten cuidado: La contraccin "-'d" tambin se utiliza con el verbo modal "would"
para formar el condicional. Como tal, la forma corta "I'd" puede tener dos significados
diferentes. Podemos distinguir entre estos dos significados por la forma del verbo principal
que les sigue. Si queremos decir "I'd" en el sentido de pasado perfecto, el verbo principal
est en la forma de participio pasado, mientras que con el condicional, "I'd" va seguido por
el verbo en infinitivo. Para ms informacin, ver la leccin sobre las frases condicionales.
Ver la lista de los participios pasados irregulares.

Structure (Estructura)
1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Estructura Sujeto + "had" + participio pasado...
o

Ejemplos:

I'd visited the Louvre before so I knew where the Mona Lisa was.
Play
I'd visited the Louvre before so I knew where the Mona Lisa was. (Haba
visitado el Museo del Louvre antes, as que saba donde estaba la Mona
Lisa.)

They'd studied English before they went to London.

Play
They'd studied English before they went to London. (Haban estudiado
ingls antes de irse a Londres.)

Henry changed careers because he'd worked as an accountant for many years
and was bored.
Play
Henry changed careers because he'd worked as an accountant for many years
and was bored. (Henry cambi de profesin porque haba trabajado como
contable durante muchos aos y estaba aburrido.)

2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)

Estructura Sujeto + "had" + "not" + participio pasado...
o

Ejemplos:

I hadn't visited the Louvre before so I didn't know where the Mona Lisa was.
Play
I hadn't visited the Louvre before so I didn't know where the Mona Lisa was.
(No haba visitado el Museo del Louvre antes, as que no saba donde estaba
la Mona Lisa.)

They hadn't studied English before they went to London.

Play
They hadn't studied English before they went to London. (No haban
estudiado ingls antes de irse a Londres.)

Henry changed careers even though he hadn't worked as an accountant for

long.
Play
Henry changed careers even though he hadn't worked as an accountant for
long. (Henry cambi de profesin a pesar de que no haba trabajado como
contable durante mucho tiempo.)

3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)

Estructura"Had" + sujeto + participio pasado...?
o

Ejemplos:

How did you know where the Mona Lisa was? Had you visited the Louvre
before?
Play
How did you know where the Mona Lisa was? Had you visited the Louvre
before? (Cmo sabas dnde estaba la Mona Lisa? Haba visitado el
Museo del Louvre antes?)

Had they studied English before they went to London?

Play
Had they studied English before they went to London? (Haban estudiado
ingls antes de irse a Londres?)

Had Henry worked as an accountant for long before he changed careers?

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Had Henry worked as an accountant for long before he changed careers?
(Henry haba trabajado como contable durante mucho tiempo antes de
cambiar de profesin?)

Uses (Usos)
1. Usamos el pasado perfecto para referirnos a una accin o evento que
comenz en el pasado y que es anterior a otra accin tambin en el
pasado. La accin que ocurri primero es en pasado perfecto y la que sigue
en pasado simple.

Ejemplos:

I'd read the book before I saw the movie.

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I'd read the book before I saw the movie. (Haba ledo el libro antes
de ver la pelcula.)

Donna had just left when you called.

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Donna had just left when you called. (Donna haba salido justo
cuando llamaste.)

Had you ever flown before the trip to France?

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Had you ever flown before the trip to France? (Alguna vez habas
volado antes del viaje a Francia?)

2. Se usa para acciones que ocurrieron antes de un tiempo especfico en el

pasado.

Ejemplos:

I had already woken up when the alarm rang at 7am.

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I had already woken up when the alarm clock rang at 7am. (Ya me
haba despertado cuando son el despertador a las 7.)

He hadn't been to France before the trip in 2008.

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He hadn't been to France before the trip in 2008. (No haba estado en
Francia antes del viaje del 2008.)
3. Tambin, como en el presente perfecto, con algunos verbos usamos el
pasado perfecto para situaciones que han empezado en el pasado y que
siguieron hasta un punto especfico en el pasado.

Ejemplos:

She had only owned one car before she bought her new BMW.
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She had only owned one car before she bought her new BMW.
(Haba tenido un coche antes de que lcompr su nuevo BMW.)

I'd been depressed for a long time before I changed jobs.

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I'd been depressed for a long time before I changed jobs. (Haba
estado deprimido durante mucho tiempo antes de que cambiara de
trabajo.)

Past Perfect
Affirmative
I had eaten.
You had eaten.
He/She/It had eaten.
We had eaten.
You had eaten.
They had eaten.

Interrogative
Had I eaten?
Had you eaten?
Had he/she/it eaten?
Had we eaten?
Had you eaten?
Had they eaten?

Negative
I had not eaten.
You had not eaten.
He/She/It had not eaten.
We had not eaten.
You had not eaten.
They had not eaten.

Past Continuous
Affirmative
I was eating.
You were eating.
He/She/It was eating.
We were eating.
You were eating.
They were eating.

Interrogative
Was I eating?
Were you eating?
Was he/she/it eating?
Were we eating?
Were you eating?
Were they eating?

Negative
I was not eating.
You were not eating.
He/She/It was not eating.
We were not eating.
You were not eating.
They were not eating.

3.Simple past ,Past Perfect , Past Continuos

[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs

Examples:
You called Debbie.
Did you call Debbie?
You did not call Debbie.

Simple Past Forms

Most Verbs
Most verbs conjugate by adding -ed like the verb "wait" below.
Positive
I waited.
You waited.
We waited.
They waited.

Negative
I did not wait.
You did not wait.
We did not wait.
They did not wait.

Question
Did I wait?
Did you wait?
Did we wait?
Did they wait?

He waited.
She waited.
It waited.

He did not wait.

She did not wait.
It did not wait.

Did he wait?
Did she wait?
Did it wait?

Irregular Verbs
Many verbs, such as "have," take irregular forms in the Simple Past. Notice that
you only use the irregular verbs in statements. In negative forms and questions,
"did" indicates Simple Past. To learn more about irregular verbs, visit
Englishpage.com's Irregular Verb Dictionary. You can also use Englishpage.com's
Online Irregular Verb Flashcards to memorize irregular verb forms.
Positive

I had.
You had.
We had.
They had.
He had.
She had.
It had.

Negative

Question

I did not have.

You did not have.
We did not have.
They did not have.
He did not have.
She did not have.
It did not have.

Did I have?
Did you have?
Did we have?
Did they have?
Did he have?
Did she have?
Did it have?

To Be
The verb "be" is also irregular in the Simple Past. Unlike other irregular verbs,
there are two Simple Past forms: "was" and "were." It also has different question
forms and negative forms. Always remember that you DO NOT use "did" with the
verb "be" in the Simple Past.
Positive

I was.
You were.
We were.
They were.
He was.
She was.
It was.

Negative

I was not.
You were not.
We were not.
They were not.
He was not.
She was not.
It was not.

Question

Was I?
Were you?
Were we?
Were they?
Was he?
Was she?
Was it?

El pasado continuo se utiliza para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento especfico en el

pasado. Como el presente continuo, se forma con el verbo "to be" y el gerundio.

Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales)

Form (Forma)
Para formar el pasado continuo se utiliza el verbo auxiliar "to be" y el gerundio (infinitivo
+ "-ing") del verbo. El verbo auxiliar "to be" est en el pasado simple, pero ten en cuenta
que "to be" es un verbo irregular.
Sujeto

Auxiliar (to be)

I, He, She, It

was

You, We, They

were

Structure (Estructura)
1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Estructura Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + gerundio.

Gerundio
talking, eating,
learning, doing,
going...
talking, eating,
learning, doing,
going...

Ejemplos:

I was talking.
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I was talking. (Estaba hablando.)

He was eating.
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He was eating. (Estaba comiendo.)

They were learning.

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They were learning. (Estaban aprendiendo.)

2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)

Estructura Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + "not" + gerundio.

Ejemplos:

I wasn't talking.
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I was not [wasn't] talking. (No estaba hablando.)

He wasn't eating.
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He was not [wasn't] eating. (No estaba comiendo.)

They weren't learning.

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They were not [weren't] learning. (No estaban aprendiendo.)

3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)

EstructuraVerbo auxiliar ("to be") + sujeto + gerundio?

Ejemplos:

Were you talking?

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Were you talking? (Estabas hablando?)

Was he eating?
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Was he eating? (Estaba comiendo?)

Were they learning?

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Were they learning? (Estaban aprendiendo?)

Uses (Usos)
1. El pasado continuo lo utilizamos para una accin larga que ya en el pasado fue
interrumpida. La accin que se interrumpe est en pasado continuo y la accin que
provoca la interrupcin est en pasado simple. "When" y "while" sealan el uso del
pasado simple y continuo. En general, usamos el pasado simple directamente
despus de "when" y el pasado continuo despus de "while."
o

Ejemplos:

Jose called while I was watching the news.

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Jose called while I was watching the news. (Jose llam mientras estaba
mirando las noticias.)

He was walking to work when he fell.

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He was walking to work when he fell. (Estaba caminando hacia su trabajo
cuando se cay.)

Was it raining when you left?

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Was it raining when you left? (Estaba lloviendo cuando te fuiste?)

2. Se usa el pasado continuo para hablar sobre acciones en un tiempo especfico

en el pasado.
o

Ejemplos:

Paula wasn't living in Spain in 2005.

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Paula wasn't living in Spain in 2005. (Paula no estaba viviendo en Espaa en
el 2005.)

We were still working at 10 o'clock last night.

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We were still working at 10 o'clock last night. (Todava estabamos
trabajando a las 10 de la noche. )

3. Se usa el pasado continuo para dos acciones que estaban ocurriendo al mismo
tiempo en el pasado.
o

Ejemplos:

My son was reading while I was cooking.

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My son was reading while I was cooking. (Mi hijo estaba leyendo mientras
que yo estaba cocinando.)

They were talking very loudly while we were trying to watch the movie.
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They were talking very loudly while we were trying to watch the movie.
(Estaban hablando muy alto mientras nosotros estbamos intentando mirar la
pelicula.)