Baker Hughes INTEQ

JAR-KING 1
Tool Description
and Operations Manual
(43/4" - 91/2" Tools)
750-500-028 Rev. A

September 1994

Baker Hughes INTEQ

Technical Publications Group
2001 Rankin Road
Houston, TX 77032
USA
713-625-4415

This manual is provided without any warranty of any kind, either expressed
or implied. The information in this document is believed to be accurate;
however, Baker Hughes INTEQ will not be liable for any damages, whether
direct or indirect, which results from the use of any information contained
herein.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

JAR-KING I Overview
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Principles of Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
JAR-KING I Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Tool Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Torque Transmission System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Jarring System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Locking System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Calculation of Required Pull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
For Example: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Calculation of Required Minimum Pull. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Tool Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Lower Part of the Bottom Hole Assembly (Under Compression). . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Upper Part of the Bottom Hole Assembly (Under Tension) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Operation of the Locking System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Relocking the Jar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Changing the Adjusting Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Jarring Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Bumping Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Moderate Bumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Heavy Duty Bumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Tool Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
General Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Checking the Jarring System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Operations Manual
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Table of Contents

Publication Style Guide

ii

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750-500-028 Rev. A / September 1994

Chapter

JAR-KING I Overview
The JAR-KING I serves as a drilling jar and is installed in
the drillstring to free a stuck drillstring. The drilling jar is
used for both jarring up and bumping down.

Introduction
A drilling jar has become standard in the drillstring. Immediate jarring to
free the stuck drillstring without any delay can save high fishing costs.
Also, the danger of more intensive sticking is reduced through the rapidly
initiated jarring action.
Falling cuttings, collapsing or expanding formations, junk in the hole,
differential sticking or other reasons can cause the drillstring to become
stuck. In order to avoid longer breaks of drilling, which are usually caused
by fishing work, the placement of the drilling jar is highly economical in
drilling operations. Furthermore, additional safety is provided for the
drillstring.

Principles of Design
The JAR-KING I can be used either in a jarring-up or bumping-down
mode. To avoid unintentional jarring or bumping, it has a locking feature.
Only after a certain preadjusted overpull has been applied, the JAR-KING I
is in an active jarring/bumping mode.
The main element of the jar is the hydraulic jarring system, whereby
energy is stored in the drillstring as potential energy by overpull. After a
certain time, depending upon the amount of overpull, the jar is released and
abruptly sets free the stored energy, imparting a powerful jarring blow to
the stuck drillstring.
The jarring blow can be repeated, if necessary, to deliver a rapid series of
blows when desired. To run the JAR-KING I in the optimum position
above the stuck point, the JAR-KING I can be used in tension (above the
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JAR-KING I

Drilling Jar
neutral point of the BHA), or in compression (below the neutral point of
the BHA). The locking device avoids uncontrolled jarring while drilling,
tripping or making connections, for more safety in the hole, and reduced
wear at the jar.

JAR-KING I Features
The JAR-KING I has the following features:

Easy to operate

Double action design for jarring up and bumping down

Impact control over the whole working range, by overpull only very
light or maximum capacity blows may be created

Maximum temperature 392F (200C)

Quick resetting of the jarring system for delivering a rapid series of

blows

Mechanical locking system avoids uncontrolled jarring while drilling,

tripping, or making connections

Tool Description
The JAR-KING I is manufactured from high quality SAE 4140/4145 steel.
The threads are made to API specifications, inspected by Magna-Flux, and
phosphate coated. The thread roots of the tool joints are cold rolled upon
request. All movable parts are running in oil, refer to Note, and the sealing
surfaces are coated with a special hardfacing, which has a high corrosion
resistance against all types of mud.
Note: 4-3/4" JAR-KING I with open spline area.
The tool consists of three major elements (see foldout drawing). These
elements include:

Torque transmission system

Jarring system

Locking system

Torque Transmission System

Located in the upper part of the tool, the torque transmission system
features replaceable spline inserts working in oil. See Note and Figure 1.
An axial stroke, depending on tool size, is provided.
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Note: 4-3/4" JAR-KING I with open spline area. Splines are not
replaceable.
The torque transmission system is sealed at the lower end by
Compensating Piston 1, to equalize the internal pressure to the mud
pressure, and compensate for any change of oil volume.

Figure 1. Torque
Transmission
System. The
Torque
Transmission
System is located
in the upper part of
the tool.

Jarring System
The JAR-KING I is designed for both jarring-up and as well as bumpingdown. The jarring system is located below the spline assembly. It works
totally in an oil bath and is sealed below by the Compensating Piston II.
Intensity of impact is controlled from the rig floor by the amount of jarring
load (overpull) applied.
Figure 2 shows the principle of the hydraulic jarring system in which an
axial sliding Valve is sealed to Bowl I and pressed onto the Valve Seat
when it is pulled. While the Valve is being pulled, the oil from the Upper
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Chamber must flow into the Lower Chamber, passing through the very
narrow annulus between the Valve and Bowl I.

Figure 2.
Hydraulic Jarring
System for
Jarring Up.The
JAR-KING I is
designed for
jarring- up and
bumping down.

Therefore, the valve movement requires a certain time, depending on the

amount of overpull, before it reaches the upper part of Bowl I. Here, the
enlarged bore area allows the oil to bypass the Valve, resulting in an abrupt
release and acceleration of Valve and Mandrel I, by energy stored in the
drillstring. The upward blow is created by hitting the Hammer against the
Anvil. To achieve quick resetting, the Valve is designed so that the oil can
bypass underneath it and thus does not offer resistance while resetting.
Downward bumping as shown in Figure 3 will be established by hitting
with the Male Spline (Bumping Nut) against the upper shoulder of the Seal
Cap after dropping the drillstring.

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Drilling Jar

Figure 3.
Mechanical
Components for
Bumping Down.
The JAR-KING I is
also designed for
bumping down.

Locking System
The JAR-KING I is equipped with a mechanical locking system to avoid
uncontrolled jarring as well as premature wear of the jar. See Figure 4.
By locking the jar, it is possible to run the tool either under compression or
under tension.
The locking device consists of an Arresting Sleeve, Tapered Pressure Ring,
and Steel Balls, engaging both, and thereby locking Mandrel II against the
Locking Bowl. When activating the tool, by exceeding the unlocking force,
the Tapered Pressure Ring travels downwards, compressing a set of Disc
Springs. The Steel Balls are displaced to the Locking Bowl, thus releasing
the Arresting Sleeve as well as Mandrel II. The amount of unlocking force
is determined by the thickness of the Adjusting Shells defining the distance
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Figure 4. Main
Parts of the
Locking System.
The JAR-KING I is
equipped with a
mechanical locking
system to avoid
uncontrolled jarring
as well as
premature wear of
the jar.

of both parts. If the requested unlocking force is different from the preset
adjustment, the proper set of Adjusting Shells has to be selected and
installed before tripping in. Once the jar has been unlocked downhole, it
remains open in the working mode. This is automatically accomplished to
allow continuous jarring or bumping without relocking the tool again.
Calculation of Required Pull
The minimum pull required to unlock the JAR-KING I is given by the
calculation that follows. The operator must bear in mind the pull capacity
of the rig, downhole conditions, and drillstring configuration when
selecting the Adjustable Shells. The changing of Adjustable Shells is
carried out according to instructions given in the Tool Box.

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Drilling Jar
For Example:
A 6-1/4" JAR-KING I is installed in a BHA with a BHA weight of 200 kN
(44,900 lbf) below and 800 kN (179,900 lbf) above. Tools equipped with
Adjustable Shells for 300 kN (67,000 lbf) unlocking force. Pressure drop
below the jar is equal to: p = 40 bar (580 psi).
Calculation of Required Minimum Pull
Note: This method does not consider wall friction.
Drillstring weight in mud
above jar (mass-force)

800 kN

(179,900 lbf)

+Unlocking force
(as adjusted on tools) (Table 1)

300 kN

(67,000 lbf)

- Pump opening force (see note)

(see Table 2)

29 kN

(6,000lbf)

1071 kN

(240,900 lbf)

Minimum pull required

Note: Pump opening force tends to open the jar due to

hydraulic action of mud under pressure. It applies
additional load on the locking system and reduces
required pull.
Table 1: Identification of Adjusting Shells
Marker Bore Indents
Corresponding to
Unlocking Forces

Tool Sizes:

Tool Sizes:

Tool Sizes:

6-1/4"6-3/4"

8-1/2"

9"10"

kN

1000 lbf

kN

1000 lbf

kN

1000 lbf

200

45

300

67

300

67

300

67

400

90

400

90

400

90

500

112

500

112

600

135

Marker Bore Indents

Corresponding to
Unlocking Forces

Tool Size:
4-3/4"5"
kN

1000 lbf

150

34000

200

45000

250

56000

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Table 2: Hydraulic Pump Opening Force

Pressure Drop Below
Jar

6-1/4"6-3/4"

8-1/2"

9"10"

bar

PSI

kN

1000 lbf

kN

1000 lbf

kN

1000 lbf

20

290

14

17

21

40

580

29

34

41

60

870

43

52

11

62

14

80

1160

57

13

69

15

82

18

100

1450

71

16

86

19

103

23

120

1740

86

19

103

23

123

27

140

2030

100

22

121

27

144

32

150

2180

107

24

129

28

154

34

160

2320

114

25

138

30

164

36

170

2470

121

27

147

32

174

38

180

2610

128

28

155

34

185

41

190

2760

135

30

164

36

195

43

200

2900

143

32

172

38

205

45

210

3050

150

33

181

40

215

47

Pressure Drop Below

Jar

4-3/4"5"

bar

PSI

kN

1000 lbf

20

290

40

580

17

60

870

25

80

1160

33

100

1450

42

120

1740

50

11

140

2030

59

13

150

2180

63

14

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Drilling Jar

Tool Placement
The JAR-KING I may be run under compression or tension. Avoid
placement in the neutral zone. Figure 5 shows the possible placements of
the JAR-KING I in the drillstring.

Lower Part of the Bottom Hole Assembly (Under

Compression)
The jar should always be installed at least one drill collar above the top
stabilizer. See Figure 5. The drill collar between the stabilizer and the jar
will give the added safety that the jar will not get stuck itself, for instance
by falling cuttings. When running a shock absorber in the drillstring, the jar
should always be placed above the shock absorber.

Upper Part of the Bottom Hole Assembly (Under Tension)

If differential sticking of the drill collar is expected, the jar should be
positioned high up in the bottomhole assembly. See Figure 5. The
advantage of this configuration is the ability to jar with the tool after
becoming stuck by differential sticking. The disadvantage is the large
distance between the jar and the stuck point when the bit or stabilizers
become stuck, which reduces the effective jarring impact.

Operation
All thread connections of the JAR-KING I are made up in the workshop
and properly torqued. The jars are sent to the rig site in the locked position
and are equipped with adjustable shells according to the unlocking force
given in Table 3, if no differing adjustment of the locking system has been
requested.

Table 3: Standard Adjustment of Locking System

Tool Sizes

Unlocking Forces

inch

kN

1000 lbf

4-3/4"5"

200

45

6-1/4"6-3/4"

300

67

7-3/4"8-1/2"

400

90

9"10"

400

90

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Drilling Jar

Figure 5. Possible Placement of the JAR-KING I in the Drillstring. The JAR-KING I may be
run under compression or under tension. Avoid placement in the neutral zone.

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The box and pin connection of drill collars connected to the jar should be
made up to the recommended torque according to API specifications.
Chain tongs or collar clamps must not be placed around the hardfaced Male
Spline and the flex area of the Flex Joint.

Operation of the Locking System

Before running the tool, the required pull for unlocking has to be
calculated. If the unlocking force has to be changed, the Adjusting Shells
are exchanged with the proper set of shells placed in the tool box. After
getting stuck in the hole, the locking system will be unlocked by exceeding
the calculated pull, and the jar is ready for jarring. Once the jar has been
unlocked, it remains in the working mode. Relocking can only be done
during the next round trip on the rig floor.
Relocking the Jar
The following procedure is for relocking the jar. Refer to Figure 6.
1.

Set the jar into the slips beneath the Locking Bowl.

2.

Break-out the thread connection Adjusting Bowl/Locking Bowl,

and unscrew the connection approximately 20 to 30 mm (.75 to
1.25 inch).

Note: Do not place the tongs or slips on the Flex Joint or

hardfaced area of the Male Spline.
3.

Close the jar by weighting it with one or two drill collars. Make
sure there is no stand-off between Bumping Nut and Seal Cap.

4.

Make-up thread connection Adjusting Bowl/Locking Bowl, with a

torque value from Table 4.

5.

Pull the jar out of the slips to check the locking mode. Standoff
between Bumping Nut and Seal Cap must be less than 20 mm
(.75 inch).

Changing the Adjusting Shells

In the case when the locking system needs adjustment, suitable tool boxes,
containing optional Adjusting Shells are available. Proceed with the
following instructions:
1.

Set the jar into the slips beneath the Locking Bowl. See Figure 6.

2.

Break-out the thread connection Adjusting Bowl/Locking Bowl

and unscrew the connection approximately 40 to 50 mm (1.50 to
2.0 inches).

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Figure 6. Relocking the Jar. The jar is set into the slips beneath the locking bowl.

3.

Remove the Adjusting Shells and insert the new set for the
required unlocking force. Make sure there is no stand-off
between Bumping Nut and Seal Cap.

4.

Make-up the thread connection Adjusting Bowl/Locking Bowl

with torque value from Table 4.

5.

Check the locking mode as described previously.

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Table 4: Make-up Torque for Adjusting Bowl/Locking Bowl Connection

Tool Sizes

Make-up Torque

inch

kNm

1000 ft lbf

4-3/4"5"

11.0

8.1

6-1/4"6-3/4"

20.7

15.3

7-3/4"8-1/2"

50.0

36.9

9"10"

83.0

61.2

Jarring Up
The jarring impact depends on the energy stored in the drillstring, which
results from the applied overpull (jarring load). The maximum jarring load,
shown in Table 5, should not be exceeded.
Table 5: Maximum Recommended Jarring Load
Tool Sizes

Maximum Recommended Jarring Load

inch

kN

1000 lbf

4-3/4"5"

360

81

6-1/4"6-3/4"

600

135

7-3/4"8-1/2"

860

193

9"10"

860

193

Following are instructions for jarring up:

1.

Pull the drillstring to open the locking system by overpull to the

appropriate locking. Maintain this overpull until an upward blow
is noticed, signifying that the tool is unlocked. Increase the
overpull if necessary to ensure that the tool is unlocked.

Note: If the jar has been run under tension without being
locked, close the jar first by dropping the drillstring.
2.

Pull the drillstring to the desired jarring load.

3.

Set the brake and wait for the blow. The jarring time depends on
the amount of overpull. Jarring time should not exceed 10
minutes.

4.

To repeat jarring, reset the jar by lowering the drillstring.

Follow-up with Steps 2 and 3.

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Drilling Jar

Bumping Down
The intensity of the downward impact can be controlled by the bumping
stroke. The latter can be chosen by the operator for moderate or heavy duty
bumping.
Moderate Bumping
Following are instructions for Moderate Bumping.
1.

Pull the drillstring to open the locking system as described under

the Jarring Up section.

2.

Close the jar and mark this point on the kelly.

3.

Lift the drillstring to an overpull above that required earlier.

Maintain this overpull for a few seconds. This opens the jar
approximately 200 mm (8 inches).

4.

Release the brake allowing the drillstring to drop rapidly. Stop

the drillstring at the point marked on the kelly.

5.

To repeat moderate bumping, repeat Steps 3 and 4.

Heavy Duty Bumping

Following are instructions for Heavy Duty Bumping.
1.

Pull the drillstring to open the locking system, as described

earlier.

2.

Close the jar and mark this point on the kelly.

3.

Overpull the drillstring to a value above that required from Step

1. Hold this load for approximately half a minute. During this
time the jar will continue to open. This results in a longer
bumping stroke, which enables the build-up of a heavy duty
downward blow.

4.

Release the brake and allow the drillstring to drop. Stop the
drillstring at the point, which is marked on the kelly.

5.

To repeat Heavy Duty Bumping, repeat Steps 3 and 4.

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Tool Checking
General Instructions
During each round trip, the shoulders of the Bumping Nut and Seal Cap
should be visually inspected for deformation. In addition, the hardfaced
surface of the Male Spline should be checked for any wear if the jar had
been under work. If excessive wear is apparent, the tool must be replaced.

Checking the Jarring System

No check is necessary if the tool has not been opened. If the tool comes out
of the hole in the opened position, follow up with the steps below:
1.

Close the tool.

2.

Lift the tool out of the slips.

3.

The tool will open. When approximately 200 mm (8 inches)

between the Seal Cap and Bumping Nut is reached, the opening
velocity will slow down. In this case, the tool is ready for further
use.

Specifications
The following tables list the specifications for different sized JAR-KING I
tools.
Table 6: JAR-KING I Specifications (Part 1)
Tool Size
Range

OD

Approx.
Total
Weight

ID

Tool Length

Jarring
Stroke

Total Stroke

inch

inch

mm

inch

mm

kg

lbs

ft

mm

inch

mm

inch

4-3/45

4-3/4

121

51

680

1500

9.8

32

170

6.7

762

30

6-1/4
6-3/4

6-1/4

159

2-1/4

57

1100

2400

9.8

32

235

9.2

762

30

7-3/4
8-1/2

203

2-1/2

64

2000

4400

9.8

32

255

10

762

30

910

9-1/2

241

2-13/16

71

2800

6200

9.8

32

255

10

762

30

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Tool Size
Range

OD

Maximum
Recommend
Jarring Load

ID

Maximum
RecommendBu
mping Load

Ultimate Test
Load After
Jarring

inch

inch

mm

inch

mm

kN

1000
lbf

kN

1000
lbf

kN

1000
lbf

4-3/45

4-3/4

121

51

360

81

200

45

1000

225

6-1/46-3/4

6-1/4

159

2-1/4

57

600

135

350

78.6

3000

670

7-3/48-1/2

203

2-1/2

64

860

193

400

89.9

5200

1170

910

9-1/2

241

2-13/16

71

860

193

500

112.3

7400

1660

Tool Size
Range

OD

Maximum
Operating
Torque

ID

Locking System
Unlocking
Force Range

Make-up
Torque
Adjusting
Bowl /Locking
Bowl

inch

inch

mm

inch

mm

kNm

kft-lb

kN

1000
lbf

kNm

1000
ft lbf

4-3/45

4-3/4

121

51

8.1

150
200
250

34
45
56

11

8.1

6-1/46-3/4

6-1/4

159

2-1/4

57

20.7

16

200
300
400

45
67
90

20.7

15.3

7-3/48-1/2

203

2-1/2

64

50.0

37

300
400
500

67
90
112

50.0

36.9

910

9-1/2

241

2-13/16

71

82.7

61

300
400
500
600

67
90
112
135

83.0

61.2

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