27 February 2015

Assignment of European Fashion History

Assignment No: 02 (Tow)
Topic: Gathered Knowledge about Fashion World

Submitted To
Lina Rezwana
Studied at Shanto-Mariam University of Creative Technology
Course Instructor European Fashion History
Department of Professional Course of Fashion Design
National Institute of Design (NID)

Submitted By
Mahfuza Akter [Mili]
ID : 020-014-005
www.mmr07@yahoo.com
(Student of Professional Course of Fashion Design NID)
Batch no. 21

National Institute of Design (NID)

bstract

In order to study fashion designing, one needs to know about various famous fashion
designers and renewed fashion brands. To help us more about these things our course
instructor/ mam dive us a glossary / list of various terms, which will help enable us to
increase our knowledge about the fashion world. Therefore I searched the web and
gathered sufficient information about those words and noted them down for future
references.

TABLE OF CONTENT
1. ALEXANDER MCQUEEN
2. THE BRITISH FASHION COUNCIL (BFC)
3. BALMAIN
4. CARVEN
5. CASADEI
6. CATWALK
7. CLINE
8. CHAMILIA

1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.

4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14

COACH
DE BEERS
DIOR
HARRODS
LAURA GRAVESTOCK
LOUIS VUITTON
MAJE
MANOLO BLAHNIK
MULBERRY
RALPH LAUREN
SELFRIDGE & CO.
SMYTHSON LTD.
TIFFANY & COMPANY
TOPSHOP
TUSTING
UPPER STREET
WAREHOUSE
YVES SAINT LAURENT YSL
CHANEL
JESSICA
MIU MIU

TREND

15

Alexander McQueen (Fashion designer)

Lee Alexander McQueen, CBE was a British fashion designer and couturier. He is known
for having worked as chief designer at Givenchy from 1996 to 2001 and for founding his

own Alexander McQueen label.

Born:
Died:
Spouse:
Education:
Movies:
Parents:

March 17, 1969, Lewisham, London,

United Kingdom
February 11, 2010, Mayfair, London,
United Kingdom
George Forsyth (m. ?2001)
Central Saint Martins, Rokeby
Preparatory School
Bjrk: Greatest Hits
Joyce McQueen, Ronald McQueen

The British Fashion Council (BFC) is a not-for-profit organisation that

aims to further the interests of the British fashion industry and its designer businesses by
harnessing and sharing collective knowledge, experience and resources of the sector.
Based in London and formed in 1983, the BFC is funded by industry patrons, commercial
sponsors and the government including the Mayor of London and the European Regional
Development Fund. It leads the industry through creative influence and is strategically
repositioning British fashion in the global fashion economy. The BFC has five strategic
pillars; business, reputation, education, digital and investment, and has appointed pillar
presidents to help drive each element forward

BALMAIN
Type

Socit Anonyme

Industry
Founded
Founder
Area served
Products
Website

Fashion
1946
Pierre Balmain
Worldwide
Haute couture, ready-to-wear, perfume,
jewellery, accessories
www.balmain.com

Balmain is a haute couture fashion house that was founded by Pierre Balmain.
Balmain was born in 1914 in France. Balmain was among the designers to adopt this look
into their own aesthetic, in fact he has been said to have credited himself with the idea.
His styles were effortless and refined while still remaining luxurious and opulent. He
traveled the world lecturing on the fashion in France, during which time his attention was
sparked by the US market and all its potential.

CARVEN

Fashion Designer CARVEN, date of creation: 1945 The 1940's... "Carven" is

created...Madame Carven opens her fashion house at Rond Point des Champs Elysees in
Paris. The address of our Head Office has never changed, and you will still find us there
today. On the basis of her reputation and the phenomenal success of her early collections,
she dressed queens, princesses and empresses, and became a much sought-after creator
for the female film stars of the post-war era. With the fashion side of her enterprise now
well established, Carven launches her first fragrance for Women, "Ma Griffe", a flowery
perfume with overtones of gardenia and jasmine. "Ma Griffe" remains to this day our
most popular female perfume.

CASADEI

Casadei is an all-Italian success story that has made the shoe into
the most effective weapon of seduction. Aggressive, luxurious
and unashamedly feminine, Casadei collections come from a
fusion of Italian craftsmanship and design, using exclusive
materials and precious details.
The Casadei label was founded in 1958 by Quinto and Flora
Casadei. They proved strong and true when he decided to expand his small crafts
laboratory, in which he had already started to produce dream footwear of sophisticated
workmanship. Today, Cesare is the creative Director of Casadei, while his cousin
Fabrizio manages the Maisisons financial affairs. Season after season, Cesare renews the
family companys DNA, crafting shoes for original, self-confident and alternative
women, yet always and inevitably the protagonists of the galaxy in which they live.
Whose key feature are true objects of precious design, 100% Made in Italy from
exclusive and hand-finished materials, imprinted with skilled workmanship. And it is
precisely this constructive, Made in Italy know-how that is still the vital essence of this
dynamic company, firmly anchored to its roots of manufacturing excellence, always
looking to the future, fully immersed in the global present, in an ongoing osmosis
between tradition and modernity.

CATWALK
A catwalk, in its most basic form, is any narrow platform on which people may walk. In
this context, a catwalk may be found anywhere and can be anything. As a matter of fact,
the name catwalk has been given to such things as suspended footbridges, mountain
trails, and piers.
A catwalk can also mean pedestrian bridges perched atop busy streets (also called
skyways), service and control platforms found in large theaters from which the lights and
sounds can be controlled, and even the gun bridge on a whaling ship.
Recently, however, the word "catwalk" has taken on a much more specific image in our
collective imaginations. As understood in the vernacular, it is generally meant as a long
and narrow stage on which a person walks to display articles of clothing. This stage is
usually elevated and may be flanked by seats on either side, usually reserved for an
audience. The catwalk is kept narrow so that the clothes and accessories being exhibited
can be observed more closely. A catwalk may also be called a runway, and is an
indispensable part of any fashion show.

CLINE
Type

Subsidiary of public company

Industry
Founded
Founder
Headquarters
Owner
Website

Fashion
1945
Cline Vipiana
Paris, France
LVMH
www.celine.com

Cline is a French ready-to-wear and leather goods luxury brand that has been owned by
LVMH group since 1996. It was founded in 1945 by Cline Vipiana. The headquarters
are located at 23 25 rue du Pont-Neuf in Paris.

CHAMILIA

Chamilia is one of the fastest-growing personalized accessory brands in the world,

creating extraordinary, innovative jewelry for women with an eye for fashion. Chamilias
collections of beads, bracelets, necklaces and earrings are sold in fine jewelry stores and
boutiques across the globe. Chamilias premium quality and unique designs distinguish it
from all other jewelry brands. Chamilia jewelry is made of the finest materials, including
14k gold, .925 sterling silver, Swarovski Elements, Italian Murano glass, and includes
an exclusive Disney Collection. Founded in 2002, Chamilia is privately held and
headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

COACH
Type
Public
Industry
Apparel, accessories
Founded
1941
Products
Women's and men's bags,
women's and men's accessories, women's and men's
apparel, watches, footwear, jewelry, eyewear, and
fragrance
Coach, Inc. is a New York-based luxury fashion company that got its start manufacturing
small leather goods.[3] Coach is known for accessories and gifts for women and men,
including handbags, men's bags, women's and men's small leather goods, footwear,
outerwear, ready-to-wear, watches, travel accessories, scarves, sunwear, fragrance,
jewelry, and other accessories.

The De Beers Group of Companies is an international cartel with a leading role in the
diamond exploration, diamond mining, diamond retail, diamond trading and industrial
diamond manufacturing sectors. De Beers has been the preeminent name in diamonds.
De Beers began the search for natures most exquisite and magnificent prizes over 125
years ago. De Beers Consolidated Mines is founded and with it, the start of an unrivalled
legacy in diamonds. The group remains the worlds leading diamond company with
unrivalled expertise in the exploration and mining of diamonds throughout the world.
De Beers identifies the industrys first diamond grading system with the introduction of
the 4Cs. This classification process is still used today.

Christian Dior S.A., commonly known as Dior, is a French luxury goods company
controlled and chaired by businessman Bernard Arnault who also heads LVMH Mot
Hennessy Louis Vuitton the world's largest luxury group. Founded in 1946 by the
eponymous designer Christian Dior, today the company designs and retails ready-towear, leather goods, fashion accessories, footwear, jewelry, timepieces, fragrance, makeup, and skincare products while also maintaining its tradition as a creator of recognized
haute-couture (under the Christian Dior Couture division). While the Christian Dior label
remains largely for women's offerings, the company also operates the Dior Homme
division for men and the baby Dior label for childrenswear. Products are sold throughout
its portfolio of retail stores worldwide, as well as through its online store via dior.com.

Harrods is an upmarket department store located on the Brompton Road in

Knightsbridge, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, London. The Harrods
brand also applies to other enterprises undertaken by the Harrods group of companies
including Harrods Bank, Harrods Estates, Harrods Aviation and Air Harrods, and to
Harrods Buenos Aires, sold by Harrods in 1922 and closed as of 2011, with plans
announced to reopen in 2013.[1]
The store occupies a 5-acre (20,000 m2) site and has over one million square feet (90,000
m2) of selling space in over 330 departments making it the biggest department store in
Europe.
The Harrods motto is Omnia Omnibus UbiqueAll Things for All People, Everywhere.
Several of its departments, including the seasonal Christmas department and the Food
Halls, are world famous.

Luxury British jewellery brand Laura Gravestock Jewellery was founded in 2009
by designer and owner, Laura Gravestock. Taking inspiration from her surroundings, be it
her childhood spent in the Middle East & Spain, or the stylish part of East London where
she has lived for over a decade, Laura creates intricate, feminine jewellery designed to
bring opulence to every day.
Using precious metals and gemstones, Laura works from her London studio within the
creative hub that is Cockpit Arts. Named as one of Professional Jewellers Hot 100 in
2014 and 2011, and a finalist for the UK Jewellery Awards New Designer of the Year
2012, the brand has blossomed since its launch, gaining recognition both within the
industry and with its ever increasing loyal customer following. A firm favourite with top
fashion press, Laura Gravestock Jewellery regularly appears in publications such as
InStyle, Stella, Red, Cosmopolitan, Woman & Home and Grazia and is a celebrity
favourite amongst the likes of singer Taylor Swift, actress Gwyneth Paltrow and Strictly
Come Dancings Tess Daly.

Louis Vuitton Malletier, commonly referred to as Louis Vuitton French: or

shortened to LV, is a French fashion house founded in 1854 by Louis Vuitton. The label's
LV monogram appears on most of its products, ranging from luxury trunks and leather
goods to ready-to-wear, shoes, watches, jewellery, accessories, sunglasses, and books.
Louis Vuitton is one of the world's leading international fashion houses; it sells its
products through standalone boutiques, lease departments in high-end department stores,
and through the e-commerce section of its website. For six consecutive years (2006
2012), Louis Vuitton has been named the world's most valuable luxury brand. 2012
valuation was 25.9 billion USD. Year 2013 valuation of the brand was 28.4 billion USD
with a sales of 9.4 billion USD.It is now in 50 countries with more than 460 stores
worldwide

The history of Maje captures this delicate philosophy. Maje is the success story of a
fashion child who was introduced to the art of crafting garments at a very early age.
The story of Maje is that of a girl who has always been fascinated by fabrics,
embroideries and lace, just like her mother and grandmother, from whom she learned.
Moroccan-born designer Judith Milgrom launched Maje in 2004. Since launching its first
store, the chic Parisian label has featured collections that have caught the attention of
trendsetters all over the world including Marion Cotillard and Vanessa Paradis. The
brands collections are for one who is 'a lover of bohemian, feminine fashion'. Softly
draped silk dresses and classic cover-ups in wool and leather are the impressive and
stylish signature pieces of Majes collections. Maje collaborates with Vanessa Traina in
the US, creating simple collections of clothes made primarily from silk or lace. The types
of clothes Traina designs for Maje include maxi dresses, classic trousers and tuxedos

Manuel "Manolo" Blahnik Rodrguez CBE born 27

November 1942, Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain), is a
Spanish fashion designer and founder of the self-named,
high-end shoe brand.

Working alone without assistants or apprentices, MANOLO BLAHNIK (1942-) is solely

responsible for the design of every one of the thousands of shoes that bear his name. He
has dominated shoe design since setting up in business in London in the early 1970s.
Manolo Blahnik shoes are designed with a combination of occasional avant garde looks
for the affluent few and good solid looks that will wear forever. His creations are
inspired by his love of Visconti and Cocteau films, by the paintings of El Greco,
Zurburn and Velzquez and the work of master couturiers such as Christbal Balenciaga
and Coco Chanel and the much admired shoe designer Roger Vivier.

Mulberry is a fashion company founded in England in 1971, known internationally for

its leather goods, in particular women's handbags.
The company was founded in 1971 by Roger Saul and his mother Joanin 1973 they
opened a factory in Chilcompton, Somerset, England Mulberry established itself as a
British lifestyle brand, noted for its leather poacher bags including the binocular bag and
dispatch bag. The range includes male and female fashions, leather accessories, and
footwear. Mulberry Group plc is listed on the London Stock Exchange as MUL, and
shareholders with 250 or more shares are entitled to a 20% discount at Mulberry's shops.

Ralph Lauren Corporation (NYSE: RL) is

a publicly traded, United States-based
holding company headquartered in New
York, NY. The company, through its
subsidiaries, designs, markets and sells
men's, women's and children's apparel,
accessories, fragrances and home
furnishings to customers worldwide. Ralph
Lauren Corporation began with the 1967
founding of the Polo Ralph Lauren company
by American designer Ralph Lauren.
Ralph Lauren Corporation produces clothing,
accessories, footwear, fragrances, and furniture
all marketed under its portfolio of various brands.

Selfridges, also known as Selfridge & Co., is a chain of high end department stores in
the United Kingdom. It was founded by Harry Gordon Selfridge. The flagship store on
London's Oxford Street is the second largest shop in the UK (after Harrods) and opened
15 March 1909.
In the 1940s, smaller provincial Selfridge stores were sold to the John Lewis Partnership,
and in 1951 the original Oxford Street store was acquired by the Liverpool-based Lewis's
chain of department stores. Lewis's and Selfridges were then taken over in 1965 by the
Sears Group owned by Charles Clore. Expanded under the Sears group to include
branches in Manchester and Birmingham, in 2003 the chain was acquired by Canada's
Galen Weston for 598 million.
The shop's history was dramatised in 2013, in the British television series Mr Selfridge.
Other Selfridges stores opened in the Trafford Centre (1998); Exchange Square (2002) in
Manchester; and in the Bullring, Birmingham (2003).

Frank Smythson Ltd., more simply known as Smythson, of Bond Street is a British
manufacturer of luxury stationery, leather goods, diaries, and fashion products based in
London, England. Smythson opened his first shop on 29 September 1887 at 133, New
Bond Street, London
Smythson can customise its leather and desk product lines with gilt initials (for example).
Much of the leather customisation is done in store in full view of the customers. Bespoke
printing and personalisation is another important product line; particularly for weddings
and parties. The highest-end stationery is often detailed with 24-carat gilded edges, handpainted borders, custom-engraved motifs, and monograms.

iffany & Company (NYSE: TIF) (known colloquially as Tiffany or Tiffany's) is an

American multinational luxury jewelry and specialty retailer, having headquarters in New
York City, United States. Tiffany sells jewelry, sterling silver, china, crystal, stationery,
fragrances, watches, personal accessories, as well as some leather goods. Many of these
goods are sold at Tiffany stores, as well as through direct-mail and corporate
merchandising. Tiffany is renowned for its luxury goods and is particularly known for its
diamond jewelry. Tiffany markets itself as an arbiter of taste and style.

Topshop (sometimes referred to as TopShop) is a British multinational fashion retailer of

clothing, shoes, make-up and accessories. It has around 500 shops worldwide of which
some 300 are in the UK plus online operations in a number of its markets. It is part of
the Arcadia Group, which is controlled by Sir Philip Green.
Originally known as Top Shop, it began life as a brand extension of the department store
Peter Robinson in the 1960s and originally sold fashion by young British designers, such
as Mary Quant and Stirling Cooper. Expanding rapidly during the 1970s and changing its
name to Topshop, it struggled during the 1980s before being revived from the late 1990s
on by focusing on presenting catwalk designs at budget prices, also producing co-branded
ranges with fashion designers and celebrities. As of 2012, it is part-owned by a US-based
private equity group.

TUSTING is a family firm based in the heart of the English countryside, with its roots
deep in the English leather and shoe trade. The fifth generation of the family is now at the
helm, following a long line of Tustings who have been tanning, grading and trading the
worlds finest leathers for over 130 years. Their current workshop lies close to the
original tannery founded in 1875 by our great, great, grandfather and is home to their new
generation of highly skilled craftsmen. It is perfectly placed to draw on the considerable
talents of local leatherworkers, many of whose families also share in this heritage.
This deep and expert knowledge is the secret ingredient that guarantees the selection of
the perfect leather for each exquisite piece made in our workshop. In the hands of their
talented team of Craftsmen and Women these flawless materials become wonderful
products, which combine truly original character with unmistakable quality. Indeed, it is
the products themselves that communicate their own value and quality. More than twenty
years since the first briefcases were produced, many are still in everyday use. They look
wonderful, having matured beautifully and acquired the mellow patina and distinctive
personality of a classic piece of furniture.

Upper Street is the main shopping street of the Islington district of inner north London,
and carries the A1 road. It runs from the junction of the A1 and Pentonville Road and
City Road, and runs roughly northwards past Angel tube station, then past the Business
Design Centre, then splits at Islington Green (where Essex Road, formerly named Lower
Street, branches off) past the Screen on the Green cinema, the town hall and finally at
Highbury & Islington tube station on Highbury corner, where the A1 carries on as
Holloway Road. The southernmost 500 metres (0.31 mi), from the junction to Islington
Green, also carries the historical name of Islington's High Street.
It contains many fashionable shops, pubs, restaurants and theatres, including the now
closed Granita restaurant where Tony Blair and Gordon Brown were said to have made
their deal on leadership once the Labour Party won power.
A WAREHOUSE is a commercial building for
storage of goods. Warehouses are used by
manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers,
transport businesses, customs, etc. They are usually
large plain buildings in industrial areas of cities and
towns and villages. They usually have loading
docks to load and unload goods from trucks.
Sometimes warehouses are designed for the loading
and unloading of goods directly from railways,
airports, or seaports. They often have cranes and
forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed
on ISO standard pallets loaded into pallet racks.
Stored goods can include any raw materials,
packing materials, spare parts, components, or
finished goods associated with agriculture,
manufacturing and production.

Yves Saint Laurent YSL (also known as Saint Laurent Paris) is a luxury
fashion house founded by Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Berg. The founder
of the brand died in 2008 and the house produced its last haute couture line in 2002.
Founded in 1961 it has been considered one of the world's most prominent fashion
houses and known for its modern and iconic pieces, such as its tuxedo jackets for women.
Today Saint Laurent Paris markets a broad range of womens and mens ready-to-wear
products, leather goods, shoes, and jewellery. Yves Saint Laurent Beauty also has a
notable presence in the luxury beauty market, although this is run independently through
L'Oreal Paris that licenses the name

Chanel S.A. is a French, privately held company owned by Alain and Gerard
Wertheimer, grandsons of Pierre Wertheimer, who was an early business partner of the
couturire Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel. Chanel S.A. is a high fashion house that specializes
in haute couture and ready-to-wear clothes, luxury goods and fashion accessories. In her
youth, Gabrielle Chanel gained the nickname Coco from her time as a chanteuse. As a
fashion designer, Coco Chanel catered to womens taste for elegance in dress, with
blouses and suits, trousers and dresses, and jewellery (gemstone and bijouterie) of simple
design, that replaced the opulent, over-designed, and constrictive clothes and accessories
of 19th-century fashion. The Chanel product brands have been personified by fashion
models and actresses
The House of Chanel is known for the little black dress, the perfume No. 5 de Chanel,
and the Chanel Suit. Chanels use of jersey fabric produced garments that were
comfortable and affordable. Chanel revolutionized fashion high fashion (haute
couture) and everyday fashion by replacing structured-silhouettes, based upon the

corset and the bodice, with garments that were functional and at the same time flattering
to the womans figure.

Jessica Born in London into a large artistic family, Jessicas

interest in jewellery design started at a young age. Largely inspired by her father, a
military history book seller whose antiquarian bookshop was at home, Jessicas passion
in scouring flea markets, car boot sales and antique fairs was innate in her and ultimately
fuel her creativity. Emotive, evocative and intriguing, Jessica invites you to enter her
world of collectibles, cherished possessions and achingly touching personal stories that
she translates within her bespoke jewellery collections. Much of the recognition of
Jessica's work has grown from her signature, individually hand-stamped and
personalised, wax seal jewellery collection, titled The Love Story, Paris 1946.

Miu Miu is a high fashion brand of women's clothing and accessories from the Prada
fashion house. Miu Miu opened in 1993 and is headed by Miuccia Prada.[1] The name of
the collection is taken from her nickname.[2] Miu Miu is set to launch its first fragrance
in 2015. This is the first time that Miu Miu has expanded outside the fashion and
accessories markets.

Trend
A "Trend" in fashion indicates the acceptance of a "new" design, usually related to
clothing.
"New designs" are rarely "New". Most often they are a re-introduction of something from
the past. IE, short skirts, long skirts.
When a Clothing Designer introduces a new fashion, it may be accepted or rejected by
the buying public.
A "Trend" occurs when a new design is accepted and sells in sufficient quantity in some
test markets, and then creates a demand from consumers across a broader market.
For example, in the US, many new fashions first take hold in California. In Hollywood
many new designs are first introduced and Californians often are the first to accept some
new designs. It's been historical that most new fashions move Eastward from California.
ashion Trend. It is the big wave, that is currently (or with respect to a season) in
vogue/trend/fashion. Or a collection / direction of styles that is appreciated and followed
by the market. Fashion Trends are governed or dictated by the catwalks by major
designers in the fashion capitals of the world like milan, london, paris and new york.
They are primarily divided into two Couture (Hi Fashion ) and Pret (ready to wear).
There is a third category called STREET , as the name says is generated by the moving
moods of the people, the street trends are picked up from cities like milan, paris, london,
new york, tokyo, amstredam, stockholm, berlin, cologne etc.

ANNEXUR
E