Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Table of Contents
Preface.................................................................................................. 6
Definitions and material data.............................................................. 7
What is viscosity?............................................................................................. 7
What is Brix?.................................................................................................... 8
What is Plato?.................................................................................................. 8
The influence of temperature on viscosity............................................... 9
Material characteristics of typical pumped media................................ 9
Crystallisation.................................................................................................10
What is CIP and what is SIP?....................................................................... 11
Types of application for centrifugal pumps....................................... 11
Suitable pumps model series and materials....................................... 12
Certificates.......................................................................................................13
Application limits...........................................................................................13
Standard mechanical seals................................................................. 14
Hilge standards...............................................................................................14
General information regarding mechanical seals................................ 16
Applications....................................................................................... 18
General information on pump dimensioning and selection............. 18
Water from vacuum degassers/evaporators......................................... 20
Finished beverage with a Brix value of 7 - 20Bx.................................. 22
Liquid sugar or syrup with a Brix value of 65 - 67Bx.......................... 24
Invert sugar with a Brix value of 72.7Bx................................................ 31
Sucrose solution with a Brix value of 73 - 75Bx.................................. 38
Frequency converter operation for centrifugal pumps...................... 40
Configuration of centrifugal pumps................................................... 41
Appendix............................................................................................. 43
Engineering Manual
dimensioning
guide //preface
General
Preface
This document is an internal reference work to provide assistance to technical staff in selecting, dimensioning and configuring Hilge centrifugal pumps.
First and foremost, it summarises the experience
gained over several decades in dimensioning pumps
as well as previous experience in using the Hilge
pump configurator.
In addition, references to customer-specific solutions
are given as well as various tips and tricks concerning
the Hilge pump configurator.
The document deals with applications in the liquid
sugar and sugar syrup processing industry, such as
in the beverage and food industries or in breweries,
where the pumped media have a viscosity of less
than 450 - 500 mPas.
As a rule, liquids with a higher viscosity cannot be
pumped efficiently using centrifugal pumps.
In such cases, positive displacement pumps, such
as the NOVAlobe rotary pump, should be used in
preference.
When selecting the mechanical seals, special attention must be paid to the application and the fact that
some types of pumped media tend to adhere or crystallise.
Vacuum applications are also described in more
detail.
The advice given in this document with regard to dimensioning centrifugal pumps is valid in general and
can be applied to other viscous liquids, provided of
course that the specific characteristics of the media
to be pumped are taken into account, in the selection
of the seal material, for example.
Fig. 1.
Hilge F&B-HYGIA I SUPER stainless
steel pump on combi-foot
kinematic viscosity
dynamic viscosity
Based on practical experience, it is not usually necessary to differentiate between kinematic and dynamic
viscosity for the types of fluid under consideration
here (which have a viscosity of less than 500 mPas),
since the flow characteristics and consequently the
dimensioning of the centrifugal pump would not be
significantly affected.
The density of the fluid, however, is of fundamental
importance in dimensioning the pump and, in particular, the motor.
Typical units
mPas = milliPascal x seconds
(dynamic viscosity)
cP
(dynamic viscosity)
= centipoise
What is Brix?
The term Brix comes from the Austrian/German
scientist Adolf Brix.
It is used primarily in the fruit industry and in the
liquid sugar and beverage processing industries.
Since, in addition to water, the products contain
mainly various types of sugar (predominantly
glucose, fructose and sucrose), the density also gives
an approximate indication of the sugar content.
A fluid has a Brix value of 1Bx (= 1% Brix) if it has the
same density as a solution of 1 gram of sucrose in 100
grams of sucrose/water solution; it has 10Bx (= 10%
Brix) if its density is equal to that of a solution of 10
grams of sucrose in 100 g of sucrose/water solution.
The sucrose solution is used merely as a reference
material here; the fluid being measured needs not
contain sucrose.
The unit of measurement is Bx.
What is Plato?
The term Plato comes from the German scientist and
chemist Fritz Plato.
The degree Plato is a unit of measurement used by
brewers to measure the original wort content. By definition, a wort with 1 Plato has the same mass density
as an aqueous sucrose solution with a percentage of
sucrose by weight of 1%. The unit of measurement is P.
Fig. 2.
The influence of temperature on viscosity.
Crystallisation
Crystallisation, meaning the formation of crystals in
a liquid sugar or invert sugar syrup, can take place
under certain conditions.
The most significant influences are low temperatures
and high saturation levels.
Crystals in the pumped medium can be abrasive,
which means that the possible presence of crystals in
the medium must be taken into account when selecting materials, for the mechanical seals in particular.
The material combinations of carbon/stainless steel
10
Liquid sugar
sucrose
solution
Invert sugar
(degree of
inversion: 67)
Brix
[kg/dm]
50
1.230
15
55
1.260
28
60
1.286
58
61
1.292
69
62
1.298
82
63
1.304
99
64
1.310
120
65
1.316
147
66
1.322
182
67
1.329
227
68
1.334
288
69
1.340
370
70
1.347
481
72.7
1.360
448
75
1.380
2330
80
1.410
20700
85
1.450
541000
90
1.480
95
1.520
Rounded values
12
Certificates
Certificates can be provided for all the pumps of the
ranges Euro-HYGIA, F&B-HYGIA, Contra and NOVAlobe.
Certificate
EHEDG
Certificate
FDA
Certificate
USP Class VI
Certificate
Manufacturer's
certificate in
accordance
with DIN EN
10204, 3.1
Manufacturer's
certificate in
accordance
with DIN EN
10204, 2.2
ATEX
declaration of
conformity
GOST
Certificate
CE declaration
of conformity
Application limits
When used to pump viscous media, the limitations
of centrifugal pumps are primarily determined by
the size of the pump. In general, it can be said that
larger pumps are better suited to pumping viscous
media than small pumps.
As a rule, centrifugal pumps can be used successfully
for fluids with a viscosity of up to approximately 450 500 mPas. With higher values, an assessment should
be made in each case to determine whether the use
of a centrifugal pump would still be economic, or
whether a rotary pump would be more suitable despite the significantly higher acquisition costs.
There is no clear limiting value here, however.
Euro-
F&B-
NOVA-
lobe
Table 2. Certificates
13
e = stainless steel
14
Pump type
Euro-HYGIA I
F&B-HYGIA I
Euro-HYGIA II
F&B-HYGIA II
Contra I
(1 - 4 stage)
Contra I
(5 - 6 stage)
Contra II
(1 - 5 stage)
HYGIANA I
(2 - 6 stage)
HYGIANA II
(2 - 5 stage)
HYGIANA III
(2 - 4 stage)
NOVAlobe
Encoding of seal
Material code
Characteristics of seal
Hilge 3A1-001-19-aeE-O3
FDA Conform
Unbalanced,
open spring
Yes
Hilge 3A1-001-28-aeE-O3
Unbalanced,
open spring
Yes
Hilge 3A1-001-19-aeE-O3
Unbalanced,
open spring
Yes
Hilge 3A2-001-19-aeE-O1
Balanced,
encapsulated spring
Yes
Hilge 3A2-001-28-akE-O1
Balanced,
encapsulated spring
Yes
Hilge 3A1-001-19-aeE-O3
Unbalanced,
open spring
Yes
Hilge 3A1-BS2-28-aiE-O1
Balanced,
encapsulated spring
Yes
Hilge 3A1-BS2-38-aiE-O1
Balanced,
encapsulated spring
Yes
Hilge 3A2-NOE-XX-aiE O1
Balanced,
encapsulated spring
Yes
Table 3. Standard mechanical seals and standard seal materials for the various Hilge pump series
15
- HYGIANA
- Contra
- F&B-HYGIA
: quench
17
Applications
General information on pump dimensioning and selection
Comparison curve
1. = with water
2. = with a viscous liquid, approx. 450 mPas
Head H [mWc]
Flow Q [m/h]
of the pipe.
No bends or fittings should be installed immediately
upstream of the pump, since these create turbulent
flow and vortices in the pipe.
NPSH
Always choose pumps with good NPSH values.
The NPSH value of the pump should be at least 0.5 m
less than the NPSH value of the systems.
Correction factors
Appendix 1 shows a diagram with correction factors
for the correct technical dimensioning of centrifugal
pumps for use with viscous media.
This diagram complies with the STANDARDS OF THE
HYDRAULIC INSTITUTE, New York, USA and is generally accepted.
The calculation of the correction factors is demonstrated in Appendix 1A for the following example.
- Operating point Q = 10 m/h - H = 40 m
- Medium:
- Density:
- Viscosity:
The correction factors can be read off from the corresponding C lines.
- Discharge head = CH (curve 1.0 x Qopt should be chosen)
- Flow rate
= CQ
- Efficiency
= Cq
19
< 1 mPas
Density:
< 1 kg/dm
Temperature:
Application:
degasser or evaporator
Note
When dimensioning a pump that is required to pump from a vacuum to atmospheric pressure, it is
essential to consider the pumping capacity required on the suction side as well as the pumping capacity
of the pump on the pressure side!
The following details must therefore be obtained from the customer without fail.
Is the pump required to pump from a vacuum to a vacuum or from a vacuum to atmospheric pressure?
Is the specified pressure on the suction side the absolute pressure or the negative pressure?
Is the required pressure, p, the manometer value on the pressure side or is it the p of the pump
does the discharge head specified by the customer already take the vacuum into account)?
Range
Euro-HYGIA
F&B-HYGIA
Contra I
(1 - 4 stage)
Contra I
(5 - 6 stage)
Mechanical seal
Single (001E)
Single (001E)
Single (001E)
Materials
Spring
Code of
mechanical seal
001-XX-aeE-O5
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-XX-aeE-O5
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-xx-aeE-O5
001-xx-kiH-O1
001-xx-aeE-O1
Balanced mechanical seal (-O1)
Contra II
HYGIANA I
001-xx-aiH-O1
Single (001E)
001-xx-kiH-O1
Single (001E)
001-xx-aeE-O5
HYGIANA II / III
001-xx-kiH-O1
Single (BS2E)
BS2-XX-aiE-O1
Balanced mechanical seal (-O1)
BS2-XX-kiE-O1
*The version carbon / silicon carbide / EPDM (aiH-01 or aiE-O1) is used as standard in these ranges.
21
Viscosity:
< 10 mPas
Density:
approx. 1 kg/dm
Temperature:
Application:
Range
Euro-HYGIA
F&B-HYGIA
Mechanical seal
Single (001E)
Single (001E)
Contra I
(1 - 4 stage)
Single (001E)
Spring
Single (001E)
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiH-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-xx-kiE-O3
001-xx-aeE-O1
Balanced mechanical seal (-O1)
Contra II
HYGIANA I
001-xx-kiH-O1
001-xx-aiH-O1
Single (001E)
001-xx-kiH-O1
Single (001E)
001-xx-aeE-O5
HYGIANA II / III
Code of
mechanical seal
Contra I
(5 - 6 stage)
Materials
Single (BS2E)
BS2-XX-aiE-O1
Balanced mechanical seal (-O1)
BS2-XX-kiE-O1
*The versions of carbon / silicon carbide / EPDM (aiH-01 or aiE-O1) are used as standard in these ranges.
23
Viscosity:
Density:
Temperature:
Application:
24
Note
The pumps are usually required to pump water or
CIP fluid in addition to the product (liquid sugar or
syrup). If different operating points arise from
auxiliary processes involving non-viscous fluids,
these must be taken into account in the dimensio-
ning of the pump.
In these cases, frequency-regulated pumps should
be used if possible.
The customer specifications and data must be
checked: Is the required discharge head given in
bar or in pressure head (metres)? See table 6.
Pumped
medium
Invert
sugar
Water/
CIP
As a comparison:
Alcohol
Density
(kg/dm)
1.33
1.00
0.794
Discharge
head (m)
10.00
10.00
10.00
Pressure
(manometer
reading in
bar)
1.33
1.00
0.794
Rounded values.
Table 6.
Dimensioning example
Pumped medium:
liquid sugar
Density:
1.33 kg/dm
Viscosity:
230 mPas
25
Example
Desired operating point:
Flow rate Q:
10 m/h
Discharge head H:
40 m
0.75
0.78
0.32
Discharge head:
H / 0.78 = 51.5 m
Selected pump:
Contra II/2
Impellers:
OU 175 mm/150 mm
approx. 4.4 kW
(when pumping water)
(Appendix 2)
4.4 kW x 1.33
0.32
= 18.3 kW
26
4.4 kW x 1.33
= 9.75 kW
0.6
Selected pump
Contra II/2, motor 11.0 kW, 2-pole (see Q/H diagram
in Appendix 2)
Note
This method of dimensioning is not actually correct
from a technical point of view, but it simplifies the
dimensioning of the pump by leaving out the conversion of the operating data to water values.
Many years of experience have proved this method to
be reliable in providing a practically applicable result.
The pump dimensions are calculated based on the
flow rate and pressure, without taking correction factors into account.
Assumption (!)
Pumped medium:
Density:
water
1.0 kg/dm
10 m = 1 bar
Example
Desired operating point
Flow rate:
10 m/h
Discharge head:
40 m = 4 bar
27
Selected pump
Contra II/2
Impellers OU 175mm/120 mm
Motor selection
The calculated power requirement is increased by the
actual density of the pumped medium squared.
The resulting power requirement is then increased by
adding one motor power stage.
Selected pump: Contra II/2
Power requirement at the operating point:
approx. 2.9 kW (when pumping water) (Appendix 3)
Selecting the motor size
Power requirement at the operating point [kW] x density x density + one motor size = selected motor [kW].
2.9 kW x 1.33 x 1.33 + one motor size = selected motor [kW]
5.15 kW + one motor size
7.5 kW
Selected pump
Contra II/2, motor 7.5 kW, 2-pole (see Q/H diagram
in Appendix 3)
28
Range
Mechanical
seal
Materials
Carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE)
Euro-HYGIA
Single (001E)
F&B-HYGIA
Single (001E)
Contra I
(1 - 4 stage)
Single (001E)
Contra I
(5 - 6 stage)
Single (001E)
Contra II
Single (001E)
HYGIANA I
Single (001E)
Spring
unbalanced mechanical
seal (-O3)
unbalanced mechanical
seal (-O3)
unbalanced mechanical
seal (-O3)
balanced mechanical
seal (-O1)
balanced mechanical
seal (-O1)
unbalanced mechanical
seal (-O3)
balanced mechanical
seal (-O1)
Code of
mechanical seal
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O1
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-XX-aiH-O1
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
BS2-XX-aiE-O1
001-XX-kiE-O3
*The versions of carbon / silicon carbide / EPDM (aiH-01 or aiE-O1) are used as standard in these ranges.
29
Range
Mechanical
seal
Materials
Carbon /stainless steel
/EPDM (aeE)
Euro-HYGIA
Single (001E)
F&B-HYGIA
Contra I
(1 - 4 stage)
Contra I
(5 - 6 stage)
Single (001E)
Single (001E)
Single (001E)
Contra II
Single (001E)
HYGIANA I
Single (001E)
HYGIANA II / III
Single (001E)
Spring
(product side)
unbalanced
mechanical seal (-O3)
unbalanced
mechanical seal (-O3)
unbalanced
mechanical seal (-O3)
balanced
mechanical seal (-O1)
balanced
mechanical seal (-O1)
unbalanced
mechanical seal (-O3)
balanced
mechanical seal (-O1)
Code of
mechanical
seal
(product side)
Code of
mechanical
seal (atmosphere side)
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-aiH-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
BS2-XX-aiE-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-xx-aeE-O3
*The versions of carbon / silicon carbide / EPDM (aiH-01 or aiE-O1) are used as standard in these ranges.
30
Viscosity:
Density:
Temperature:
Application:
31
Pumped
medium
Invert
sugar
Water/
CIP
As a comparison:
Alcohol
Density
(kg/dm)
1,36
1,00
0,794
Discharge
head (m)
10,00
10,00
10,00
Pressure
(manometer
reading in
bar)
1,36
1,00
0,794
Rounded values.
Table 9.
Dimensioning example
Pumped medium:
invert sugar
Density:
1.36 kg/dm
Viscosity:
450 mPas
Note
Based on practical experience, it can be assumed that
for the viscosity values dealt with here and at operating points of Q > 5 m/h and H > 40, the use of Euro
HYGIA I / F&B-HYGIA pump sizes is not appropriate.
Euro-HYGIA II / F&B-HYGIA II pump sizes should be
preferred in this case, or a multistage pump from the
Contra or HYGIANA ranges.
32
10 m/h
Discharge head:
40 m
Discharge head:
H / 0.72 = 55.5 m
Selected pump:
Contra II/2
Impellers:
OU 175mm/165 mm
33
5.5 kW x 1.36
0.2
= 37.4 kW
= 14.9 kW
Selected pump
Contra II/2, motor 15.0 kW, 2-pole (see Q/H diagram
in Appendix 4)
At the operating point, the actual discharge head of
the pump in the cited example is 40 m = 5.44 bar!
Dimensioning a pump with the discharge pressure
given in bar
The following description shows a procedure for dimensioning a centrifugal pump that is to be used for
pumping a viscous fluid. All the data is assumed to
be in bar.
34
Note
This method of dimensioning is not actually correct
from a technical point of view, but it simplifies the
dimensioning of the pump by leaving out the conversion of the operating data to water values.
Many years of experience have proved this method to
be reliable in providing a practically applicable result.
The pump dimensions are calculated based on the
flow rate and pressure, without taking correction factors into account
Assumption (!)
Pumped medium:
Water
Density:
1.0 kg/dm
10 m head = 1 bar
Example
Desired operating point
Flow rate:
10 m/h
Discharge head:
40 m = 4 bar
Selected pump
Contra II/2 impellers OU 175 mm/120 mm
The calculated power requirement is increased by the
actual density of the pumped medium squared.
The resulting power requirement is then increased by
adding one motor power stage.
Motor selection
Selected pump: Contra II/2
Power requirement at the operating point: approx.
2.8 kW (when pumping water) (Appendix 5)
Selecting the motor size
Power requirement at the operating point [kW] x
density x density + one motor size
= selected motor [kW]
2.8 kW x 1.36 x 1.36 + one motor size =selected motor [kW]
5.2 kW + one motor size
7.5 kW
Selected pump
Contra II/2, motor 7.5 kW, 2-pole
(see Q/H diagram in Appendix 5)
Attention: Using the simplified method for dimensioning a centrifugal pump, the actual discharge
head of the pump in this example is only about 29.5
m = 4 bar at the operating point !
Special case of warm invert sugar at approx. 40 60C
Provided that the temperature of the medium can never fall below the stated temperature of 40C (check
this with the customer!), the viscosity can be ignored
in this case when dimensioning the pump, since it is
similar to water.
The pump can be dimensioned using the Selector, based on the performance data specified. The density of
the medium must be taken into account in selecting
the motor, however, although further reserves need
not be included.
Range
Mechanical
seal
Euro-HYGIA
Single (001E)
F&B-HYGIA
Single (001E)
Contra I
(1 - 4 stage)
Single (001E)
Materials
Carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE)
SiC / SiC / EPDM (kiE)
Carbon /stainless steel /EPDM (aeE)
Contra I
(5 - 6 stage)
Single (001E)
Contra II
Single (001E)
HYGIANA I
Single (001E)
HYGIANA II / III
Single (001E)
Spring
unbalanced
mechanical seal (-O3)
unbalanced
mechanical seal (-O3)
unbalanced
mechanical seal (-O3)
balanced
mechanical seal (-O1)
balanced
mechanical seal (-O1)
unbalanced
mechanical seal (-O3)
balanced
mechanical seal (-O1)
*The versions of carbon / silicon carbide / EPDM (aiH-01 or aiE-O1) are used as standard in these ranges.
36
Code of
mechanical seal
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O1
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-XX-aiH-O1
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
BS2-XX-aiE-O1
001-XX-kiE-O1
General note
As a matter of principle, impellers with
narrow blades should be selected; open
impellers are preferred for single-stage
pumps.
Range
Euro-HYGIA
F&B-HYGIA
Contra I
(1 - 4 stage)
Contra I
(5 - 6 stage)
Contra II
HYGIANA I
HYGIANA II / III
Mechanical
seal
Materials
Spring
(product side)
Single (001E)
unbalanced
mechanical seal (-O3)
Single (001E)
unbalanced
mechanical seal (-O3)
Single (001E)
unbalanced
mechanical seal (-O3)
Single (001E)
balanced
mechanical seal (-O1)
Single (001E)
Single (001E)
Single (BS2E)
balanced
mechanical seal (-O1)
unbalanced
mechanical seal (-O3)
balanced
mechanical seal (-O1)
Code of
mechanical
seal
(product side)
Code of
mechanical
seal (atmosphere side)
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-aiH-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiH-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O3
BS2-XX-aiE-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
001-XX-kiE-O1
001-xx-aeE-O3
*The versions of carbon / silicon carbide / EPDM (aiH-01 or aiE-O1) are used as standard in these ranges.
37
Fig. 10.
sucrose solution
Viscosity:
Density:
Due to the considerable reduction in efficiency, centrifugal pumps should only be used here in exceptional cases.
For viscosity values higher than 500 mPas, the use
of rotary lobe pumps from the NOVAlobe range is recommended. See fig. 11.
When using centrifugal pumps for this medium, each
case should be checked individually to determine the
best method of dimensioning the pump and motor.
38
Further information and supporting lines of reasoning can be found in the brochure THE VARIABLE
SPEED CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - Practical Examples from
the Field of Instrumentation and Control.
41
Fig. 14.
Hilge Pump
Configurator
(example)
42
Appendix
Appendix 1
1.0
CH
0.9
0.8
0.6 x Qopt
0.8 x Qopt
1.0 x Qopt
1.2 x Qopt
0.7
Corrective factors
0.6
1.0
CQ
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Cq
0.5
0.4
0.2
0
4000
300
0
200
0
1000
80
600
400
300
200
10
1000
8
60
40
30
20
0
20
0
10
60
40
20
10
5
Head H [mWC]
0.3
Head H [mWC]
0
20
0
10
60
40
20
10
56
8 10
15
20
30 40 50 60 80 100
150 200
300 400
2000
Flow Q [m/h]
Only
permitted
To be
used as as
preparation
data
guideline only
43
Appendix 2
Contra II /2 50/50 - 1756 OU
(175/150 mm) - 2900 RpM - 50 Hz
Q = 13,5 m/h - H = 51,5 mFls
44
Appendix 3
Contra II /2 50/50 - 1756 OU
(175/120 mm) - 2900 RpM - 50 Hz
Q = 10 m/h - H = 40 mFls
45
Appendix 4
Contra II /2 50/50 - 1756 OU
(175/165 mm) - 2900 RpM - 50 Hz
Q = 16,5 m/h - H = 55,5 mFls
46
Appendix 5
Contra II /2 50/50 - 1756 OU
(175/120 mm) - 2900 RpM - 50 Hz
Q = 10 m/h - H = 40 mFls
47
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