Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Section 7
Serviceability limit states
Heinrich Kreuzinger
Deflections, Deformations
M M N N Q Q
FF
ds +
+
+
w=
*
Verbindung
en K ser
EA
System EI
GA
Vibrations
7.1 Table 1
K
=
= 2 f
M
Section 2.2.3
E mean
E=
(1 + k def )
Chair of Timber Structures
and Building Construction
Deflections
Vibrations
Frequency
f =
5
0,8 w
7
Vibrations:
Servicability limit states
If necessary
Serviceability
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(Ohlsen)
9
w (x , t ) = w 0 (x ) sin t
w (t ) = w 0 sin t
Viechtach, Bertsche
10
w (t)
11
Mass t
Stiffness kN/m
Damping kN/(m/s)
R=2 M D
Damping ratio
K
= 2 f
=
M
G M g
g
g
wg = =
= 2 =
2
K
K
(2 f )
5
f =
wg in cm !
wg
Chair of Timber Structures
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F (t)
M
R
w (t)
12
5
f =
wg
wg in cm !
wg + 0,3 p = 6 mm = 0,6cm
5
f =
= 7,2 Hz
0,8 0,6
Factor for beam
Chair of Timber Structures
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13
Zeit
14
Deformation
w
w0
Velocity
Deflection w
Velocity v
Acceleration a
v0
Accelerator
a
a0
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t
15
Impuls
F(t)
Impuls I
Ti=0
F=infinite
ti
Heeldrop
I = F(t) dt = M v = M 2 g h =
55 2 9,81 0,05 = 55 kg m/s = 55 N s
Chair of Timber Structures
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16
Impuls
Velocity v
M
I
I
v=
M
N s m
=
kg
s
t= 0
17
Impuls
w(t) =
I
M 1
I
M 1
((
e t sin 1 2 t
= 1 und
= 0,01
18
f1,n
n
frequency of a plate
number of waves in
direction vertical
to the main span
40
b 4 EJ
n 40 = 1 4 A
A EJ b
f 0
0 , 25
=
v=
A
m b A + 200
M
m bSI
2
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19
Impuls Heeldrop I = 55 Ns
Experimental solution,
Found by testing
v=
0,6
m
0,5
EI A
0 , 25
EI b
0 , 25
m
s
20
7.3.3(2)
F0
w=
K
uniform load
5q A
w=
384 EI
4
bF
Single load
FA
wF =
48 EI l b F
3
EI b
A
bF = 4
1,1 EI A
21
Value
Limit
aim
EN 1995-1-1
2004 (E)
1 deflection
w
w < l/X
Enough rigidity
small
deflection
7.2
4 frequency
wG,inst
quasi stndig,
g+2p
f >8 Hz
(w < 0,5 cm)
No resonance
7.3.3(2)
f < 8 Hz
(w > 0,5 cm)
7.3.3(1)
22
3 Deflection
Single load
F=1kN
7.3.3(2)
SIA 265
5 Impuls
I=1 Ns
(up to 40 Hz)
v<b(f1-1)
7.3.3(2)
SIA 265
Velocity
= 0,01
23
Information
2 Durchbiegung
wG,inst
quasi stndig,
g+2p
w < 6 mm
6 velocity
heeldrop
I=55Ns,
ti = 0,05s
v<6 b(f1-1)
w > 6 mm
Frequenz
keine Resonanzuntersuchung
Frequenz
Resonanzuntersuchung
DIN 1052,
2004
9.3
velocity
Mohr /bmh/
24
a<0,1 m/s2
better
performance
7.3.3.(1)
8 Acceleration
Resonance
Walking
7.3.3 (1)
Compare:
Kreuzinger, H.; Bla, H.J.; Ehlbeck, J.; Steck, G.:
Erluterungen zu DIN 1052:2004-08
Entwurf, Berechnung und Bemessung von Holzbauwerken.
Hrsg.: DGfH, Bruderverlag, Albert Bruder GmbH, Karlsruhe
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25
Damping ratio
D, R/(2 M )
, logarithmic Damping ratio, 2 D, 2
= ln
D
wi
w i+1
26
SIA
27
Schweizer Norm
Swiss code
SIA 265
28
Example - System
b = 6,3 m
pz ,
Fz
y
z
l=4,2 m
29
BSP
a3 a1
h = am
am-2
Nx
Qx
Ny
Qy
x
Mx
My
30
Self weight
Trafic load
Quasi stndige Kombination
nach DIN 1055-100, Gl 24
3,23 kN/m2
2,00 kN/m2
31
Bending Stiffness
(
(
)
)
1
EI A = 11000 0,1553 0,0933 + 0,0313 = 2,70 MNm 2
12
1
0,0933 0,0313 = 0,71 MNm 2
EI b = 11000
12
1
EI A + b = 11000 0,1553
= 3,41 MNm 2
12
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32
1
I A = 0,1553 0,0933 + 0,0313 = 2,46 10 4 m 4 = 24600 cm 4
12
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33
Shear Stiffness
155
aA = 155 31 = 124 mm
ab = 93 31 = 62 mm
aA 2 GR 1 0,124 2 75 1
=
SA =
= 18,6 MN
n di
2 0,031
ab 2 G R 1 0,062 2 75 1
Sb =
=
= 9,3 MN
n di
1 0,031
34
Effective Stiffness
Nherung:
155
efEI = EI
Wirksame Steifigkeiten:
efEI A = 2,704
1
2,704 2
1+
18,6 4,2 2
efEI b = 0,71
Chair of Timber Structures
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1
0,71 2
1+
9,3 6,32
1
EI 2
1+
S l2
= 2,50 MNm 2
= 0,70 MNm 2
35
EADiagonalen
Reine Schubverformung
(GA, EI)
w= -
F A3
w =
48 EI
Im Fachwerkmodell:
Elastische Gurte (EA),
Dehnstarre Diagonalen (EA )
Abschnitt
Chair of Timber Structures
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8.6, Anhang D
EARiegel
w=
w =
F A
4 GA
Im Fachwerkmodell:
Dehnstarre Gurte (EA ),
Elastische Diagonalen (EA)
36
Deflection, Frequency
Deflection, single span
5 g A
5 3,83 10 4,2
w=
=
384 efEI A
384 2,50
= 6,21 10
m = 6,21 mm
Frequency
f =
5
0,8 w
5
0,8 0,621
= 7,09 Hz
37
Frequency plate
m = EJ A
k
n
= wk ,n sin
x sin
y
A
b
k 4 4
A
f m,n = f 0
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+ EJ b
n 4 4
b
EJ A
f0 = 2
m
2A
EJ b A 4
k +
4 n
EJ A b
4
38
Frequency plate
f0 =
k +
2 A2
EI b A 4
efEI b 4
efEI
2,50
= 7,19 Hz
2
3
m
2 4,2
0,383 10
4
n = k +
0,7 4,2 4
2,50 6,34
n 4 = k 4 + 0,055 n 4
27,9
39,4
66,5
42,8
39
Frequencies
40
n=3
3 f=Hz
8.6 Hertz
fEigenform
= 16,8
n=1
Eigenform1 f= 5.9 Hertz
f = 7,39 Hz
k=1
n=2
Eigenform 2 f= 6.5 Hertz
f = 8,88 Hz
Chair of Timber Structures
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n=4
Eigenform 4 f= 12.7 Hertz
f = 27,9 Hz
41
k=2
Eigenform 2,1
f =28,2 Hz
Eigenform 6
f= 23.3 Hertz
42
deflection
kdef = 0,8, EDIN 1052, Tble 3.2
efEI
efEI (k def ) =
1 + k def
43
(1 + kdef)wG,inst
1
Wfin 1,85,25 =
9,4 mm
1
deflection
w
2(1 + kdef)wQ,inst
0,3(1+0,8)3,25=
1,8 mm
w < l/X
11,2 mm
0,0112/
4,2 =
1/375
Enough
rigidity
7.2
Small
deflection
44
EI b 4,2
A
0,7
4
=
4
= 2,78 m
bF =
1,1 EI A
1,1 2,50
DIN ENV
1995-1-1
7.3.3
SIA 265
45
Frequency
f >8 Hz
(w < 0,5 cm)
f < 8 Hz
(w > 0,5 cm)
No resonance
7.3.3(2)
7.3.3(1)
46
Impuls I=1 Ns
4 (0,4 + 0,6 n40 )
4 (0,4 + 0,6 5)
m
=
v=
= 0,00132
383 4,2 6,3 + 200
m b A + 200
s
better performance
b ( f 1) = 100 (7,190,011) = 0,014
5 Impuls
I=1 Ns
(up to 40 Hz)
v<b(f1-1)
50 < b < 150
m
s
Velocity
7.3.3(2)
SIA 265
= 0,01
47
heeldrop I=55 Ns
0,6
v=
m
0,5
EI A
0, 25
EI b
0, 25
0,6
3830,5 2,50 0, 25 0,70 0, 25
6 velocity
heeldrop
I=55Ns,
ti = 0,05s
Limit
v<6 b(f1-1)
velocity
m
= 0,027
s
Mohr /bmh/
48
3 F0
M
0,1 700
m
V (3 f s / f1,1 ) =
33.3 = 0,925 2
2520
s
a<0,1 m/s2
Beschleunigung
Wohlbefinden
49
Gehen: Resonanz
fs = 7,19 / 3 = 2,4 Hz
3 F0
M
0,1 700
m
V (3 f s / f1,1 ) =
33.3 = 0,925 2
2520
s
2
8 Beschleunigung
Resonanzuntersuchung
DIN1052,
9.3(3)
besondere
Untersuchungen
50
Summary
F (t)
M
R
Deformation
w (t)
w
Rigidity
51
F (t)
M
R
Frequency
w (t)
rigidity
f = f
mass
52
F (t)
M
R
Velocity
w (t)
1
v
mass
53
F (t)
M
R
w (t)
Acceleration
a
mass damping
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54
Wanted:
Timber floors
great stiffness
most
high mass
no
high frequency
not always
high damping
yes
55
56