ICM 2008 Tutorial Sheet (2)

1.1) An AM carrier, with a carrier frequency of fc = 5kHz, is modulated by, mt cos1t , where
f1 = 500 Hz. Assume the carrier amplitude is Ac=1.
(a) Write the expression for the AM signal in the time domain.
(b) Evaluate and sketch the double-sided spectrum of this AM signal
1.2) An AM carrier, with a carrier frequency of fc = 5kHz, is modulated by,
mt cos1t cos21t , where f1 = 500 Hz. Assume the carrier amplitude is Ac=10.
(a) Write the expression for the AM signal in a time domain.
(b) Evaluate and sketch the double-sided spectrum of this AM signal
1.3) The filtered output of the mixer is found to be,

2 () = 40 cos(400) + 4 cos(360) + 4cos(440)

assuming that the input was a baseband AM signal, gin(t)=[1+m(t)], determine,
(a) the local oscillator frequency,
(b) the message signal, m(t).
1.4) A square-law detector is a nonlinear device whose transfer characteristic is defined by,

v 2 t a1v1 t a 2 v12 t

where a1 and a2 are constants, v1(t) is the input, and v2(t) is the output. The input consists of an
AM wave,

v1 t Ac 1 mt cos2f c t

(a) Evaluate the output v2(t).

(b) What conditions must be satisfied in order to recover the message m(t) from v2(t)?
1.5) The AM signal,

st Ac 1 mt cos2f c t

is applied to the system shown below and the message is strictly bandlimited, (f<B), and the
carrier frequency, fc >>B. Show that m(t) can be obtained from this system.

s(t)

Squarer

v1(t)

Low-Pass
Filter

v2(t)

Square
Root

v3(t)

v1(t)=s2(t)
2.1) A series of square pulses is defined as follows:
=

2
() = (
)

Sketch the double-sided amplitude line spectra of S(f), to the 3rd harmonic frequency, given that

the Fourier transform of a square pulse ()is T Sa(Tf).

3.1) An audio signal occupies the frequency range 30Hz<|f|<15kHz. This signal is to be conveyed
using a DSB-SC scheme over a bandpass channel which transmits signals in the range 90kHz to
120kHz. Determine a suitable carrier frequency to transmit the audio signal to this channel.

3.2) A DSB-SC signal, with a carrier frequency of fc = 5kHz, is modulated by,

mt cos1t cos21t , where f1 = 500 Hz. Assume the carrier amplitude is Ac=10.
(a) Write the expression for the DSB-SC signal in the time domain.
(b) Evaluate and sketch the double-sided spectrum of this DSB-SC signal
3.3) A DSB-SC modulated signal is demodulated using a coherent detector.
(a) Evaluate the effect of a frequency error f in the local oscillator frequency of the detector,
measured with respect to the carrier frequency of the DSB-SC modulated signal.
4.1) A PAM signal is generated using a sequence of triangular pulses, where the pulse amplitudes are
proportional to the signal samples. The message signal w(t) is limited to a bandwidth of B Hz
(f<B), and is sampled at a rate of fs Hz, where fs = 4B. The triangular pulses are defined as

1
() = ( ), where = = 2 . Given that [()] = [(0 )]2 sketch the double

sided amplitude spectrum, WPAM(f), of the PAM signal over the range 2fo if W(f) has a
rectangular amplitude spectrum.
5.1) A SSB signal, with a carrier frequency of fc = 5kHz, is modulated by, mt cos1t , where f1
= 500 Hz. Assume the carrier amplitude is Ac=1.
(a) Write the expression for the SSB signal in terms of m(t).
(b) Evaluate and sketch the spectrum of this SSB signal.
5.2) An SSB carrier, with a carrier frequency of fc = 5kHz, is modulated by,
mt cos1t 2 cos21t , where f1 = 500 Hz. Assume the carrier amplitude is Ac=10.
(a) Write the expression for the SSB signal in the time domain.
(b) Evaluate and sketch the double-sided spectrum of this SSB signal
6.1) A speech signal, band-limited to 5 kHz, is sampled at a rate of 10 kHz. Accidentally a

test-tone greater than 5 kHz is added to the speech signal before sampling. A tone at 4
kHz was detected at the receiver. What are the possible frequencies of the test-tone if the
samplers anti-aliasing low-pass filter has a bandwidth of 14.5 kHz?
6.2) Two types of pure Angle modulation are possible: Frequency Modulation (FM) and Phase
Modulation (PM).
(a) What functional form does (t) take in each case?
(b) Explain how a FM signal can be converted into a PM signal and vice versa.
(c) What is Carsons Rule?