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(3)
(4)
(5)
lw
gift
sngl
give gifts
sng
give [a gift]
gi
give; for
M. Chu, 36
10
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
by
graduate
koshng
jihn
jninr
Day of commemoration
M. Chu, 37
10
2)
4)
5)
jir
Holiday; festival
xnnin
New Year
chnji
zhngqiji
gn'nji
Thanksgiving
shngdnji
Christmas
qngrnji
Valentines Day
M. Chu, 38
10
1.
1)
()
()
The character combines the meaning of its two components: (meaning altar and appears as when
used as a side component) and (sacrificial vessel for the meaning of the rite of sacrificial offering..
[Be careful about the difference between this component that has one dot and the one for clothing
that has two dots.]
Can you visualize a food container over , which, as we have learned, also portrays an image of a
sacrificial vessel or food container? was the earlier form of before the component was added to
further clarify the meaning of communion.
2)
()
()
The character consists of two components: and . We have learned that is ox. was a banner, or
a multi-color flag, and the character was used for the general meaning of objects or things. was later
added to reinforce the extended meaning of things or objectscontrast to humans. was later
borrowed for the meaning of warning, do not, which is the only meaning in current use.
lw
gift
lpn
gift items
lpndin
gift shop
lf
Note:
may be things sold in a store that are potential gift items. The term may also be used
as a collective term to refer to a group of gifts. are presents we give to particular
people.
M. Chu, 39
10
wji
commodity prices
shngw
wl
physics; physical
rnw
wnw
bwgun
museum
Xio Wng h Lo L sh dxu tngxu. Tmen du xu shngw.
Xiao Wang and Lao Li were college classmates. They both studied biology.
3)
Xinzi wji tigole. Wmen jntinyngle ybidu yun gumi shw h ryngpn.
The prices are so high now. Today we spent over one hundred dollars on buying foodstuff and household
supplies.
M. Chu, 40
zhnggo
10
grow taller
4)
d: low
god
5)
ngxing
influence
sngl
give gift
sngxn
sngcn
snghu
deliver goods
sng pngyu
M. Chu, 41
10
4)
M. Chu, 42
10
2. [] [] : The Functions of []
(1) may be used as a [verb-of-action], for the meaning of give:
Let us take two steps to learn to use in this pattern.
A
Something.
[to give]
W gi t shu.
I give him some water.
T pngyou gi t lw.
His friends give him gifts.
* 30aSentence Pattern
[30a]
(to give)
something
W gi t shu h.
I give him some water to drink.
M. Chu, 43
([for B or A] to do this).
10
T pngyou gi t lw zh t shngrkuil.
His friends give him gifts to wish him Happy Birthday.
* 30bSentence Pattern
[30b]
does
(for B)
* 30cSentence Pattern
[27c]
B
(for [the benefit of] B)
does
M. Chu, 44
this.
T gi t n'r mi wnj.
He buys toys for his daughter.
M. Chu, 45
10
10
3. [] : The Functions of []
(1) may be used as a verb-of-action with a gift as its designated direct-object. may also be used
together with in the form for the same meaning.
* 31aSentence Pattern
[31a]
[]
(to give B)
this gift.
(3) may be used in conjunction with in a two step process of gift giving.
* 31bSentence Pattern
[31b]
(to give)
this gift
(to B)
M. Chu, 46
B.
M. Chu, 47
10
10
4.
5)
z: self
()
()
()
()
The ancient forms before (of which the lines are much straighter) for were all pictures of a nose.
The form was used in and for the meaning of nose. Later it was used to mean self. This
makes sense if we understand that even now, in China, one still often uses ones index finger pointing to
ones nose to refer to oneself.
http://caringclown.jp/imag
es/SelfPointing11.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_bw7fCspank/SS2dF8f0drI/AAAAAAAAAKg/8G
ZV1Pw23_U/s320/self-point.jpg
http://www.tomaszwitkowski.pl
/attachments/Image/b_w(1).jpg
b: nose
and share similar graphics in the script. was nose originally and developed later to mean
self. When the abstract idea of self became more associated with the character than its original
designation, nose, a different character was developed particularly for nose by adding a component
(pronounced b in modern Mandarin) to approximate the sound of the word. The result is the character .
6)
bzi
nose
j: self
()
()
()
()
The graphs are generally understood as loose thread. The character is borrowed for the meaning of self.
zj
self
zxu
zd
arrogant
zyu
free; freedom
zlishu
M. Chu, 48
10
zynzy
talk to oneself
xinrnhuj
7)
jinsho
reduce; decrease
jinji
djinji
big sale
M. Chu, 49
8)
10
kuil
happy; cheerful
Shngr Kuil
Happy Birthday!
Xnnin Kuil
kuicn din
fast-food restaurant
......
kui... le
will soon...
kui + Verb
Kui ch ba! Zhige kuicn din shngy tihole, hn du rn zi dng wizi ne!
Hurry up and eat! The business of this fast-food restaurant is too good; many people are waiting for a seat.
dng
wait
wizi
seat
M. Chu, 50
10
w: thing; object
: merchandise
: present
: grow taller
d: low
: height
sng: give (a gift)
gi: to give
z: self
: give gift
: give to him
: self-taught
jin: subtract; reduce
: reduce price
: happy
M. Chu, 51
j: self
: self
10
w: thing; object
: merchandise
: present
: grow taller
d: low
: height
sng: give (a gift)
gi: to give
z: self
: give gift
: give to him
: self-taught
jin: subtract; reduce
: reduce price
: happy
M. Chu, 52
j: self
: self
10
is simplified to
2.
is simplified to
The simplification process seems to be using reduced strokes to represent the general contour of
the traditional character. , the complicated right-side component of the traditional character ,
is replaced by the one stroke symbol .
3.
is simplified to
4.
M. Chu, 53
10
<viii> height:_______________
M. Chu, 54
____________________________________________________________________________
(2)
____________________________________________________________________________
(3)
____________________________________________________________________________
(4)
(5)
____________________________________________________________________________
[ chngchng: often]
____________________________________________________________________________
(6)
____________________________________________________________________________
(7)
____________________________________________________________________________
(8)
____________________________________________________________________________
M. Chu, 55
10