Chapter 6: AC MACHINE

luqluq/jun2012

AC MACHINE.

AC MACHINE

AC GENERATOR

AC MOTOR

-Convert mechanical energy into that

of electrical

-Convert electrical energy into

that of mechanical

-mechanical is used to rotate the

loops in the magnetic field and the
generated emf is a sine wave that
varies in time

-electrical is used to rotate the

loops in the magnetic field and
produce the current by using
induction

Basic principle:
AC GENERATOR

AC generator, the brushes run on slip

rings which maintain a constant
connection between the rotating coil and
the external circuit. This means that as
the induced emf changes polarity with
every half-turn of the coil, the voltage in
the external circuit varies like a sine
wave and the current alternates
direction.

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DC GENERATOR
In a DC generator, the brushes run on a
split-ring commutator which reverses
the connection between the coil and the
external circuit for every half-turn of the
coil. This means that as the induced emf
changes polarity with every half-turn of
the coil, the voltage in the external
circuit fluctuates between zero and a
maximum while the current flows in one
constant direction

Chapter 6: AC MACHINE

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luqluq/jun2012

Chapter 6: AC MACHINE

luqluq/jun2012

DC GENERATOR

AC GENERATOR

use 2 split ring commutator

the output current is induced in the
rotor
commutator: consists of a number of
metal bars separated by narrow gaps
filled with insulating material
current is generated in the rotor and
is then drawn from the windings
through the commutator and out via
the br speed is to the rotating
magnetic field speedushes
output can be made smoother by
the arranging manycoils in a regular
pattern around the armature.

Synchronous speed, Ns

use slip rings

slip rings have continuous smooth
surfaces allowing the brushes to
remain continuously in contact with
the slip ring surface
most commercial
requires lessmaintenances
more reliable than DC
designed for high current
applications such as in a power
station
simple and cheaper to build and
operate.

Speed of the rotating magnetic field

Ns=

120

Ns = synchronous speed
F = frequency speed @ Fs
P = total no of poles

Slip, S

Frequency rotor

Different between the speed of the rotor and the speed of the
rotating magnetic field
The smaller the %, the closer the rotor

Speed of slip : Ns-Nr

Slip : S=

Percentage of slip : S=

(answer should less than 1)

100

Frequency of rotor
Fr = S Fs

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Nr= rotor speed

Fs = frequency speed
S = slip (should in ratio which less than 1)

Chapter 6: AC MACHINE

luqluq/jun2012

Exercise:
1. The stator of a 3-phase, 4 pole induction motor is connected to a 50 Hz supply. The rotor runs at
1455 rev/min at full load. Determine:
a. Synchronous speed
b. Percentage slip
2. A 4 pole, 3 phase 50 Hz induction motor runs at 1440 rev/min at full load. Calculate:
a. Synchronous speed
b. The slip
c. Frequency of the rotor
3. The frequency of the supply to the stator of an 8 pole induction motor is 50 Hz and the rotor
frequency is 3 Hz. Determine:
a. Slip
b. Rotor speed

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