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Kinematics is the branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of points, bodies
(objects) and systems of bodies (groups of objects) without consideration of the causes of
motion
The velocity of a particle is a vector that tells about the direction and magnitude of the rate of
change of the position vector, that is, how the position of a point changes with each instant of
time. Consider the ratio of the difference of two positions of a particle divided by the time
interval, which is called the average velocity over that time interval
The acceleration of a particle is the vector defined by the rate of change of the velocity vector
Q1. (a)
Prove that for a particle moving along a straight line, with constant
acceleration, a, the displacement, s, and velocity, V, at any general time, t, are
given by:
and
. S is measured from the position at t = 0 and
is the velocity at t = 0 .
Ans)
We know that acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time,
Therefore,
a
-Eqn 1
using Eqn 1cross-multiplying dt and integrating dv and dt under the appropriate limits:
We get,
-Eqn 2
We get,
(b) A vehicle moving along a straight level road is brought to rest by sudden
application of brakes on all the four wheels. This locks the wheels and the car
slides for 2 sec covering a distance of 10m before coming to a stop. Determine
the between the car tyres and the road surface.
Ans)
Here,
S = 10m,
T = 10sec
Therefore,
-Eqn 1)
From first eqn of motion,
Q2.
Ans)
We must remember that if an object is thrown up into the air it leaves your
hand at a certain velocity = u then it reduces velocity in the air (negative
acceleration) as it goes up. until it has zero velocity = v = 0. Then it comes
down. When it comes down the initial velocity u is now zero. u=0 and as it
goes down it accelerated at 9,8m/s^2 to reach the same velocity that it left you
hand.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q3.
Ans)
Given :
Acceleration= 5 m/s
Deceleration= 4 m/s
Total Distance= 15.75 km
Max. Speed = 360 kmph =
Now the Time taken When the body is accelerating is calculated by using equation
-(1)
Distance travelled when the body is accelerating is calculated by using the equation
as (a= -4m/s)
- (2)
Now the distance travelled by the body when it is at its maximum velocity i.e. 100m/s
- (3)
Total minimum time taken to complete the whole path is the summation of equation (1),(2)
and (3)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q4.
Considering pulley B
Given,
.. (1)
. (2)
From 1 the downward velocity of pulley
(since the mass is double on pulley B)
.. (3)
From (2)
..(4)
Therefore,
Q5.
The
kinematic
drawing
of
slider-crank
mechanism is
shown in Fig .1 (a). This planar mechanism is represented by a vector equation as shown in
Fig. 1 (b) for
any phase diagram as
Where,
r1 = Linear Displacement of the Slider, cm.
r2 = Radius of the crank, cm
r3 = Length of the connecting rod, cm
= Angular displacement of the crank, deg.
= Angular displacement of connecting rod, deg
Therefore
As the mobility of the mechanism is one and the rotational speed of the crankshaft is
constant, input parameters are r2, r3, 2 and . Differentiation of Eqn. 3 and 4 gives the
expressions of displacement, velocity and acceleration of the driven members, connecting rod
(link 3) and the slider (link 4).
Where,
Q6.
Where s is in metre and t is in second. Plot the s-t, v-t and a-t graphs from t=0 to t=6sec and
determine
(i)the time during which it moves forward.
(b)
(ii)
time for backward motion
T=1 to 4
(iii)
for max velocity
For s=0
Or
(vi)displacement at t=2.31sec is = 0
(vii)displacement at t=5.19sec is = 0