CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. The Background Of Study

To communicate to other people we need a language, and the people will
understand our language if we can speak well. One of the language is English. It is
most important one to study. Because today every things are written in English as a
communication language, like electronic tools and economy activities. Even though

in teaching in a school, English is a main subject to understand. So that we have to

know that language well, and by understanding English, we are as an Indonesian able
to communicate to the foreigner and to get other knowledge. We can read a lot of
books, listen to the radio and other media. So we have large view for out our future
activities and have a big chance to get a nice job and good salary.
To get information is not always from televison, computer and other medias,
but we can read to the printed materials like English book and magazine. So we have
to understand the written materials. So understanding the writing is very important. In
the school the students get information from teachers and reading a lot of books. They
have to understand language familiarly. Whether, the language is native or foreign
one.
English has four skills. They are listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Here the writer only takes writing skill as his research to the students in the school.
Oshima and Ann ( (1985 ; 5) said that writing is the most difficult of the
language skills in language learning. This will give an adequate hard burden for
writing teacher to explain how writing is. It involves five aspects that should be
covered in writing, according to Jacob (1984 ; 34) said that :
There are five aspect in writing as the indicators to be considered by
students, they are : content (relevance to the topic), organization (good logical order)
vocabulary (the choice of word), language use (complete and grammatical) and
mechanics (punctuation, capitalization, coherence).

There are some kinds of writing that must be learned in a school. There is
Descriptive writing, Narrative writing, Persuasive writing, Argumentative writing and
Expository writing and writing descriptive text will be discussed here. Based on their
writers experience, when he touch English in writing descriptive text to the eleventh
grade students of SMA JAYA in science and social class, he found many differences
between science and social class in studying writing descriptive text. Caused of this
problem, the writer got spirit and interest in doing research to the eleventh grade
student in science and social class.
It is not easy to write a passage in English, especially for science and social
class. The writer wants to compare them in studying writing a descriptive text. Every
students must have a good command of the vocabulary, although learning English
language is very difficult for science and social class but if they study hard, they will
able to translate words well. English is one of main subject in the school, every levels
study about it. But theres a big differences here between science and social class in
studying writing a descriptive text that the writer has been found.
Teaching writing is one skill how to write a passage in English. The students
have to know many vocabularies and structural in English. So they can join word to
word be a good sentence and for SMA students, writing is not an easy way to
understand. It is caused by low skill in reading, speaking, and low interest in studying
English. Many students can not to translate the dialogue or short mini text. Teaching
writing will be given in the end of all skills (after listening, speaking and reading).
The writer wants to know the comparison of students interest in studying writing

based on his research to the eleventh grade student of science and social class. But
before teaching writing, the student must be touch many vocabularies and
grammatical in arrange the sentence. So their sentence can be long text or short one
it goes to students ability in writing on English passage. According to Tarigan (1982 :
45) : Writing is a description of language, wich can be understood by some one
using symbol. In other words, writing can be defined as a tool of language that
describes some one about messages by using visual written symbols.

Then, Heaton (1975 : 138) says that :

The skulls of writing include four general components are main areas such as the
following :
1. Grammatical skill : the ability to write the correct sentences.
2. Mechanical skill : the ability to use correctly those convention peculiar to written
language. E.g. : punctuation and spelling.
3. Stylistic skill : the ability to manipulate sentences, paragraph and the use of
language effectively.
4. Judgment skill : the ability to write in appropriate mnner for a particular purpose
with a particular audience in mind, together with an ability to select, organizw and
other relevant information.
Every skills in language learning support one to another. Learning language
without understanding or mastering the four skills wills insufficient. But in this case
the writer would like to focus on the subject of writing only. As one of important
skills, learning is needed by everyone to be a master in English. Here, the writer gives
the material to the senior high school student where they will continue their study to
the university. So that learning writing is very necessary. Learning writing process by

using a picture is very important to get students interest to learn English intensively
person to person.

1.2. The Problem of Study

Based on the reality on writers experience at SMA JAYA LANGSA, most of
the students get many difficulties to arrange the sentence of the text because they do
not know the meaning of each vocabulary and their writer has tried them to write a
descriptive text by showing a picture and here the writer find the social classs get
more difficulties in writing it then science class. So based on this problem, the writer
takes the following question to study.
1. What are the causes of students comparison between science and social class in
Writing Descriptive Text?
2. Is it caused by students interest in studying English?
3. Is the lesson program too static?
4. Do the students of social class have

more motivation in studying Writing

Descriptive Text?

1.3. The Purpose of Study

The main purpose of this is intended to know :
1. The causes that make students comparison between science class and social
class in writing a descriptive text.

2. The motivation and students interest in studying Writing Descriptive Text.

3. The Students Ability in Writing Descriptive Text.

1.4. The Scope of Study

According to the writers experience in teaching writing is very important t o
discuss in this study, the writer only focus in Comparison of student between science
class and social class in studying writing a descriptive text. So here the writer wants
to compare and know the causes of the problem.

1.5. Basic Assumption and Hypothesis

1.5.1. Basic Assumption
1. Writing is one of English Language skills that have an important role in
every lifestyle.
2. Most of students have difficulties to understand the grammars well.
3. The students dont have many vocabularies; surely the students are not
able to arrange a good sentence.
4. The students interest is very important in studying English.

1.5.2. Hypothesis
Good carter (1959 ; 31) states: Hypothesis is a guiding idea, tentative
explanation or statement of probabilities, serving to initiate and guide observation and

search for relevant data and other consideration and to predict certain result of the
writer takes hypothesis as follow:
1.

Science class students have better ability in writing descriptive

paragraphs than social class students.

2.

There is significant difference between science class students and social

class students ability in writing descriptive paragraphs.

3.

The science class has more motivation to study writing descriptive text.

4.

The students interest of social class is very low to learn English.

1.6. Population and Sample

1.6.1. Population
Sax (1979 ; 80) states A population refers to the aggregate of all interest to
the research. It means that the population is the total number of objects that should
be observed in research.
The population of this study is the 2010 / 2011 year students of SMA JAYA
LANGSA. There is one class of the tenth grade students, two classes of the eleventh
grade students and two classes of the twelfth grade students.

1.6.2. Sample.
Sax (1979 ; 80) state A sample is limited number of element from a
population to be representative of that population.

In this study, the writer takes a sample from the eleventh grade students in
science and social class.

1.7. Methodology and Instrument.

1.7.1. Methodology
In order to get the answer for the problems of this study, there are some ways
and steps in getting the data. In this way the writer will do field research and library
research.
a. Library research.
To write this proposal the writer reads some books and other
printed material from libraries which related to the title of writers
proposal.

b.

Field Research
In doing the field research the writer follow the steps :

1. Observation
The writer arranges the schedule to the school before he can get
the data and has a technique to observe the process of teaching. For
example the writer observes the methods of teaching that can be received
by the students. And the writer also observed the interest and the basic of
students in that school in learning English.
2. Interview

This is one the technique in gathering the data. The information is

obtained fro the students . They will be interviewed to get the data about
their difficulties in learning writing in English.
3. Experiment teaching
And the last method that writer shows a picture and students write
what the writer shows. The pictures that showed to the students between
science and social class are some.

1.7.2. Instrument
In the experiment the writer gives a picture which has been selected before.
The writer gives pre teach and explanation how to write or describe a person and the
writers also gives the example the students about the description text.
To reach the goal of research, the writer will do some steps in getting the data.
He prepares the picture then the students asked to write about the picture in a sheet of
paper.
Another way to get the real information which is needed by the writer, he
interviewers other English teacher about teaching methods in learning writing.
In this case the writers takes two classes as a sample to compare the students
ability level in understanding the writing of a descriptive text.
To process the data, the writer uses a statistic formula. This formula is from

Arikunto

to

X1 X 2
S

1
1

NX 1 NX 2

Where :
to

= t observation

X1

= means of science class

X2

= means of social class

NX1

= the number of science class students

NX2

= the number of social class students.

There fore, the writer uses the classroom action research as equipment for
knowing how far the students ability in writing descriptive text based on lesson
which has given by the writer.

1.8. The Organization of Study

The thesis will be divided into five chapters. Chapters one of the introduction
including background of study, problem of study, purpose of study, scope of study,
basic assumption and hypothesis, population and sample methodology and instrument
and organization of study.
Chapter two deals with definition of writing, kind of writing, writing
description, writing narration, writing argumentation, writing paragraph, writing
exposition, and writing descriptive paragraph.

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Chapter three will discuss about the location and the condition of the school,
the background of the students, the background of the teacher and curriculum and the
text book and the material design of writing descriptive paragraph, and the
presentation of teaching.
Chapter four concerns with procedures of data collection, the presentation of
the test, research undertaking, interpretation of data and evaluation the result.
Chapter five will be ended with conclusion and suggestion of this study.

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