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Executive Summary
Despite the slump in oil prices and conflicts in
neighbouring countries, the Gulf region continues
to enjoy a stable pace of economic growth, with
most firms maintaining employment levels or
increasing headcount. Most governments have
so far used their large reserves to keep spending
and investment plans at previous levels.
pressure on wages.
many to leave.
GulfTalent
employers.
April 2015
Contents
Economic and Political Background
Recruitment Trends
Mobility 6
Salaries 7
2015 Outlook
Country Highlights
11
12
Research Methodology
13
About GulfTalent
14
owth
India
China
GCC
US
120
USDper
perBarrel
Barrel(Brent)
(Brent)
USD
100
80
3.2%
GCC governments
in infrastructure development
60
1.3%
EU remains
with
projects such as Gulf Railway, Jeddah Metro
Russia
andGrowth
Qatar stadiums
driving significant
GDP
comparison
graph activity.
2015
7.8%
7.2%
3.5%
2014
China
EU
2013
India
GCC
40
2012
1.3%
Russia
Source:
Economic
Economist,
Asian Intelligence
DevelopmentUnit,
Bank
Economist, Asian Development Bank
120
With the exception
of Bahrain, Gulf countries have
Middle
Keyand
Hotspot
Syria,
Iraq East
and Yemen,
tensions2014
elsewhere
60
in Middle
Lebanon
and Egypt have had some impact,
East Key Hotspots
in 2014
some cases40benefiting the Gulf countries by
2012
Kuwait
Bahrain
Qatar
2014
Egypt
Lebanon
Egypt
Syria
2015
Iraq
Jordan
UAE
Oman
Arabia
Saudi
Kuwait
Bahrain
Qatar
Yemen
UAE
Saudi Arabia
Middle East Key Hotspots
2014
2014
Iraq Zones
Lebanon
Middle East
Source:
Key Conflict
World Bank
Middle
2015 East Key Hotspots
2013
increasing
the
flow
of talent
and capital
Middle
East
Key
Hotspot
2014to them.
Syria
Yemen
Syria
Lebanon
Iraq
Kuwait
Bahrain
Qatar
Egypt
UA
Oman
Saudi Arabia
investment.
Yemen
Recruitment Trends
Recruitment volume graphs
Recruitment Volume
Volume by
by Location
Location
Percentage
ofvacancies
vacanciesadvertised
advertisedonon
GulfTalent
Percentage of
GulfTalent
* *
Kuwait/Bahrain/
Oman
10%
11%
Qatar
16%
17%
reported expansion.
Employment
growthBahrain
graph had the lowest net
Saudi Arabia
20%
18%
Saudi Arabia
Oman
61%
UAE
59%
Kuwait
20%
9%
10%
19%
23%
17%
17%
18%
volume
graphs
Recruitment
22%
14%
Recruitment
Volume by Location
Employment growth
graph
Percentage of vacancies advertised on GulfTalent
31%
37%
Kuwait/Bahrain/Oman 11%
10%
11%
Net percentage of firms which increased
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
headcount
17%
Qatar 16%
20%
* *Based
onon
130,000
vacancies
advertised
on GulfTalent.com
website
Based
130,000
vacancies
advertised
on
over
the
specified
period.
GulfTalent.com over the specified period.
18%
Saudi
Saudi Arabia 20% 72%
SourceArabia
: GulfTalent
20%
UAE (Ex: Dubai)
61%
22%
Healthcare
and education expanding
UAE
59%
22%
41%
40%
35%
Dubai by Country
Employment Growth
Source
: GulfTalent
Oman
38%
Bahrain
20%
16%
Qatar
8%
11%
31%
18%
37%
8%
16%
10
19%
23
17%
17
40%
14%
35%
N/A*
0%
growing
sector across
201082%
2011of 2012 2013 20
Bahrain
22% the region, with
firms increasing
headcount in 2014, followed
N/A*
Kuwait
0%
a slowdown
in recruitment during
2014, driven by
Healthcare
82%
uncertainty
over its World Cup award,
and internal
Education
80%
pending
on the awarding
Media &reviews
Marketing
80%of projects.
78%
77%
Engineering
72%
63%
Banking
Travel & Hospitality
Oil & Gas
36%
34%
Employment
growth by sector
the process of downsizing.
Oman
95%
Employment
EmploymentGrowth
GrowthbybySector
Sector
Net
which increased
increased
headcount in
in 2014
2014
Net %
% of
of firms
firms which
headcount
Saudi Arabia
Healthcare
Bahrain
82%
55%
Education
Kuwait
80%
53%
UAE
80%
28%
78%
Qatar 77%
6%
72%
Source: GulfTalent Survey of HR Managers
63%
36%
34%
Source:
GulfTalent
Survey
of HR
Managers
Source: GulfTalent
Survey
of HR
Managers
84%
11%
10%
Nationalisation pressure
11%
17%
20%
Qatar
16%
8%
9%
16%
10%
23%
In their effort to create
jobs
19%citizens, GCC
18% for their
20%
Saudi Arabia
20%
18%
14%
UAE (Ex:
Dubai)
replace
some
of their expatriate employees with
31%
maintainingDubai
the mix of skills needed to operate
General Manager
Saudi-based Engineering Firm
Percentage
as aa key
Percentageof
of employers
employers reporting
reporting nationalisation
nationalisation as
key
human
resource
challenge
in 2014
human
resource
challenge
in 2014
Oman
95%
Saudi Arabia
84%
Visa restrictions
Governments in the GCC are increasingly
restricting the choice of nationalities available
for companies to employ. In particular, visa
applications for nationals of countries facing
tensions or civil war, such as Syria and Egypt, are
frequently rejected or delayed. This is limiting the
Bahrain
55%
Kuwait
53%
UAE
Qatar
28%
6%
Mobility
UAE attracts most expatriates
RetentionofofExpatriates
Expatriates
Retention
Percentage
expatriates
within
country
who
wish
Percentage
of of
expatriates
within
country
who
wish
to to
remain
there
remain
there
2014
UAE
88%
Kuwait
Oman
49%
55%
45%
50%
Saudi Arabia
Qatar
60%
61%
Bahrain
2013
88%
43%
48%
47%
30%
Attraction of Expatriates
%
of GCC-based
expats outside each country who
Attraction
of Expatriates
wish
relocate into
it outside each country who wish to
% of to
GCC-based
expats
relocate into it
UAE
60%
40%
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
20%
Oman
0%
2009
Source:
GulfTalent
Source:
GulfTalent
Survey Survey
2010
2011
2012
2013
Kuwait
Bahrain
2014
HR Manager
Oman-based Multinational
Salaries
Pay rises accelerating
Private Sector
Increase
by Country
Private
SectorSalary
Salary
Increase
by Country
2014
Oman
7.6% 7.4%
Saudi Arabia
7.5% 6.7%
6.5%
Qatar
5.3%
5.9%
Bahrain
5.6%
6.2%
UAE
2013
4.0%
5.4%
5.7%
Kuwait
Source: GulfTalent Survey
Source: GulfTalent Survey
GCCAverage
Average Salary
Salary Increase
GCC
Increase
2007 - 2015
2007 - 2015
Salary
Increase
Job Categoryfirms saw the highest
Among
sectors,byconstruction
9.0%
6.2%
6.1%
6.2%
5.5%
5.9%
6.7%
6.9%
%, 2014-2015
Healthcare
their rapid
Finance and education, despite6.8%
* Forecast
* Forecast
Source: GulfTalent Surveys
expansion,
of the lowest
Sales continued to see some6.7%
pay Admin
rises. Banking also saw lower
than average
6.1%
pay
rises.
Marketing
Source:Increase
GulfTalentby
Survey
Salary
Industry
Percentage,2014-2015
2014
Percentage,
2013
Arabia
Qatar
UAE
ahrain
Kuwait
Telecoms & IT
on collective bargaining7.5%
with employers on a
7.3%
Logistics
6.7%
7.2%
6.8%
Retail
5.6%
6.8%
6.2%second5.3%
Saudi Arabia saw the
highest average
Real Estate
4.0%
5.9%
salary increase, as
competition
to attract and
7.8%
Construction
emergence of powerful7.6%
trade7.4%
unions embarking
6.5%
5.9%
6.8%
IT
e Sector Salary
by Country
salaryIncrease
increase,
averaging
7.1%
projects.
Healthcare
5.4%
wages.
e: GulfTalent Survey
5.8%
5.6%
Banking
5.1%
Hospitality
5.1%
Education
5.0%
4-2015
HR
ering
7.3%
7.1%
IT
6.8%
ance
6.8%
1.2
vs. British
Percentage, 2014-2015
7.5% 6.7%
2014
5.6%
6.5%
Arabia
UAE
ahrain
Kuwait
Construction
7.6%
7.4%
Private Sector Salary Increase
by Country
Oman
Qatar
2013
2013
Oman
High pay
rises for HR
Saudi Arabia
6.2%
2014-2015
Telecoms &Percentage,
IT
7.6% 7.4%
5.3%
7.5% 6.7%
5.9%
4.0%
6.5%
5.6%
5.4%
6.2%
5.3%
5.9%
4.0%
5.7%
e: GulfTalent Survey
Bahrain
talent base.
5.4%
5.7%
Kuwait
Marketing
professionals
Source: GulfTalent
Survey surveyed have reported
the lowest average pay rises, possibly as a result
ofby
theJob
shift
to digital, reducing companies need to
Increase
Category
4-2015
HR
ering
Salary
Increase by Job Category
%, 2014-2015
%, 2014
IT
HR
6.8%
ance
Engineering
6.8%
Sales
IT
6.7%
Finance
dmin
Sales
eting
Admin
ce: GulfTalent Survey
Marketing
6.1%
5.9%
Source:
GulfTalent
Survey
Source:
GulfTalent
Survey
7.3%
7.1%
6.8%
6.8%
6.7%
6.1%
5.9%
7.3%
7.2%
Logistics
Construction
7.8%
6.8%
Retail
7.3%
Telecoms & IT
Strong Oil
dollar
6.8%
& Gas
7.2%
Logistics
5.8%
Real Estate
Pegged
to the US dollar,
Gulf
currencies
have
6.8%
Retail
5.6%
Healthcare
risen in value overOilthe
past year against several 6.8%
& Gas
5.1%
Banking
Estate
major currencies.Real
This
has helped increase the5.8%
5.1%
Hospitality
5.6%
Healthcare
value of Gulf salaries
for expatriates, particularly
5.0%
Education
5.1%
Banking
5.1%
Education
5.0%
Change
in Value
Value
Gulf
Currencies
(Pegged
Change in
ofofGulf
Currencies
(Pegged
to to USD)
Source:
GulfTalent
Survey
2014-2015,
indexedindexed
to Jan 2014
USD) 2014-2015,
to Jan 2014
1.3
1.2
7.1%
7.8%
vs. Euro
Change in Value of Gulf Currencies (Pegged to
USD) 2014-2015, indexed to Jan 2014
vs. British vs. Euro
1.3
Pound
1.1
1
1.2
1.1
vs. British
Pound
2015 Outlook
Expected Average Pay Rise by sector
Rising salaries
%, 2015 Forecast
%, 2015 Forecast
2015 Forecast
10.0%
Logistics
7.2%
7.7%
Retail
6.8%
Healthcare
6.3%
Real Estate
6.2%
Telecoms & IT
5.9%
Education
7.8%
6.8%
5.6%
7.3%
5.0%
5.8%
Banking
5.6%
5.1%
Hospitality
5.5%
5.1%
5.4%
6.8%
Employment
Growth
by Country
Source: GulfTalent
Surveys
of HRofManagers
Source:
GulfTalent
Surveys
managers
Net percentage
of firmsHR
increasing
ExpectedAverage
Average
Pay
Rise
Expected
Pay
Rise
Forecast
%, 2015 Forecast
2015 Forecast
2014
8.3% 6.5%
Qatar
Construction
2014
headcount
Moderate hiring
activity
Qatar
2014
2015 Forecast
66%
38%
72%
Oman
7.2%
7.6%
53%
Saudi Arabia
Employers
in most GCC countries reported
plans
Saudi Arabia
7.1%
7.5%
to create newOman
jobs in 2015, though 49%
mostly at a
61%
UAE
7.1%
6.2%
47%
lower rate thanUAE
the previous year. The
highest
59%
Bahrain
7.0%
5.9%
5.7%
38%
Bahrainan intent to increase
of firms reporting
headcount
5.0%
Kuwait
Source: GulfTalent Surveys
N/A*
22%
GulfTalent
Survey
of HRwhere
Managers
in 2015, Source:
followed
by Saudi
Arabia
the figure
Across the
the construction sector is
pected Average
Pay region,
Rise
2015 Forecast
2014
Qatar
EmploymentGrowth
Growthbyby
Country
Employment
Country
Net percentage
percentage of
of firms
firms increasing headcount
Net
headcount
2015 Forecast
8.3% 6.5%
Qatar
66%
53%
Oman
7.2%
7.6%
Saudi Arabia
udi Arabia
7.1%
7.5%
Oman
UAE
7.1%
6.2%
UAE
Bahrain
7.0%
5.9%
Kuwait
38%
5.7%
Bahrain
38%
Kuwait
employers.
5.0%
49%
47%
2014
38%
72%
61%
59%
N/A*
22%
%, 2015 Forecast
2015 Forecast
11.0%
Oman
Qatar
Saudi
Arabia
Healthcare
2014
10.2%
7.1%
tops hiring
UAE
7.1%
Bahrain
7.0%
Qatar
6.5%
Saudi
Arabia
Oil price
chart
7.5%
OilPrice
price Needed
Needed
to
Oman
Oil
toBalance
BalanceBudget
Budget 49%
USD
6.2%
expansion.
Employment
growth by industry
Employment
Growth
byby
Sector
Employment
Growth
Sector
Net
Netpercentage
percentageofoffirms
firmsincreasing
increasing headcount
headcount
2014
2015 Forecast
Healthcare
Real Estate
Retail
Hospitality
79%
63%
77%
50%
71%
75%
63%
74%
Construction
54%
62%
Banking
54%
33%
Logistics
53%
70%
37%
28%
21%
24%
Qatar
UAE
Oman
KSA
57%
61%
47%
Budget
Budget
April 2015 price
38% deficit
Kuwait
surplus
= $60
38%
Bahrain
54
Source: GulfTalent Survey of HR Managers
60
Kuwait
86%
43%
77
104
106
Budget
surplus
Bahrain
Source: IMF
Kuwait
Source: IMF
Qatar
60
77
UAE
The Indian
economy, already fast growing,104
has
Oman
received a major boost from plunging crude oil
KSA
106
125
Bahrain
Oil uncertainty
The impact of the oil price slump has so far been
limited to some project cuts in Oman and Bahrain,
with most governments using their reserves to
maintain spending. If the price recovers by the
Salary
2015
% Rise Forecast
2015 %
10.6%
8.0%
6.9%
2.8%
2.5%
US
UK
10
India
China
GCC
Source:
AonHewitt,
Hewitt,
GulfTalent
Source:Hay
Hay Group,
Group, Aon
GulfTalent
30%
70%
53%
UAE
66%
7.6%
USD
2014
Country Highlights
Saudi Arabia
The Saudisation drive continues under the
UAE
Visa restrictions on nationals from war-torn
Qatar
Construction sector is expanding, with many
government infrastructure projects finally
starting in preparation for the World Cup
Under pressure from international media, the
government has increased enforcement of
employee rights, and has launched a Wage
Protection System, similar to the UAE
Rise in real estate prices a growing concern
Kuwait
Increasing cost of living is making it difficult for
employees to manage expenses.
The government has cut its budget in response
to falling oil prices, likely to lead to some
slowdown in the economy
Visa restrictions on certain nationalities are
pushing employers to explore alternative
sources of talent
Oman
Huge pressure on employers to hire nationals,
including at senior level
Growing trade union activity forcing employers
to offer higher salaries
Significant cuts in government spending,
particularly on oil-related projects
New restrictions on expats, such as limits on
Bahrain
Stringent implementation of nationalisation
policy with penalties for non-compliant
employers
Cuts in government spending due to the slump
in oil revenues
Minimum wage introduced for Bahrainis in
private sector, subsidised by the government
11
Country
Saudi Arabia
Kuwait
Qatar
Oman
Bahrain
UAE
2013
6.7%
5.4%
5.6%
7.4%
4.0%
5.3%
2014
7.5%
5.7%
6.5%
7.6%
5.9%
6.2%
2015*
7.1%
5.0%
8.3%
7.2%
7.0%
7.1%
Saudi Arabia
Kuwait
Qatar
Oman
Bahrain
UAE
2013
3.7%
2.3%
5.5%
4.2%
3.9%
4.3%
2014
4.1%
2.2%
6.1%
3.9%
3.6%
4.5%
2015*
4.2%
2.0%
6.3%
3.8%
3.2%
4.3%
Saudi Arabia
Kuwait
Qatar
Oman
Bahrain
UAE
2013
3.7%
2.8%
3.1%
1.3%
3.2%
1.1%
2014
2.7%
2.9%
3.0%
1.0%
2.7%
2.3%
2015*
2.6%
2.4%
3.5%
2.3%
1.9%
2.1%
Saudi Arabia
Kuwait
Qatar
Oman
Bahrain
UAE
4.2
2.3
4.1
1.4
8.9
Economic Growth
Country
Inflation
Country
Population
(millions)
Country
2015*
30.6
* Forecast
Source: Economist Intelligence Unit, GulfTalent Surveys
12
Research Methodology
This research report was based on GulfTalents survey of 22,000 professionals
employed by large and medium sized firms in the GCC, a survey of 600
executives and human resource managers, interviews with top management of
a mix of private sector local and international companies, as well as review of
macroeconomic sources, including the World Bank, International Monetary Fund,
and the Economist Intelligence Unit.
All historical pay data included in the report is based on the information
provided by employees through an online English-language questionnaire,
suitably screened and statistically analysed to arrive at the preceding results.
Respondents were aged between 22-60 years old and earned an annual income
ranging from US$ 12,000 to US$ 200,000. Salary increases were measured
for employees in ongoing employment only, and excluded those who changed
employment during the period. Salary forecasts are based on estimates provided
by human resources managers. The survey was conducted during the period
December 2014 to April 2015.
Feedback, comments and queries regarding this report to be sent to
research@gulftalent.com
13
About GulfTalent
GulfTalent is the leading online recruitment portal in the Middle East, covering
all sectors and job categories. It is used by over 5 million professionals across
the region for finding top career opportunities. It is also the primary online
recruitment channel for over 6,000 companies, providing them access to both
local and expatriate talent.
Services for professionals
Contact Details
www.gulftalent.com
14
www.gulftalent.com
Employment & Salary Trends in the Gulf
15