EGYPT

Egypt is an Arab country in North Africa and the Middle East,

limited to the north of the Mediterranean Sea, east of Gaza Strip by Israel,
the Gulf of Aqaba (through which he has contact with Jordan and Saudi
Arabia) and the Red Sea, south and west of Sudan is Libia.Capitala to
Cairo.
Misr, Egypt's official Arabic name, is of Semitic origin, probably
meaning 'country' or 'a state'.
Egypt name has its origins in the Latin word Aegyptus derived from
ancient Greek "aiguptos, which in turn is derived from the
ancient Egyptian phrase wt-k3-PTH (Hut ka Ptah"), the name of a temple
of the god Ptah at Memphis .
The regularity and richness of the Nile overflows and isolation
caused by some eastern and western deserts, have led to the development of
one of the most important civilizations of antiquity.
Nile Valley, close between high and rocky shores, has forged
several millennia before our era an ancient Mediterranean civilization of
the world, that of Ancient Egypt.
She shows us the oldest country in the world, above all others,
endowed with an administration, a tax, justice and the army were
comparable to those born later in countries on all continents, before and
after our era. But the world of ancient Egypt has conceived a brilliant
spiritual culture that admired the ancient Greeks and Romans and wondered
where the crowds of tourists are now to contemplate the temples, pyramids
and obelisks erected by the Pharaohs and their subjects.
First UK was founded by King Menes, around 3200 BC, was ruled
by many dynasties almost three millennia. Pharaoh Ramses Under Tutmes
and by the conquest of Africa and Asia, Egypt becomes an empire.
The last native dynasty fell under the domination of the Persians in
595 BC and then conquered by Alexander the Great in 320 BC
Egyptian art and monuments not only attracted by huge and
mysterious beauty of their beauty and enigmatic ancient Greeks and
Romans as we, today, travelers would come to find culture, especially in
Egypt, "Egyptian wisdom" that they knew a Thales, Pythagoras, Herodotus,

Plato, Solon, Licurg or Plutarch.

The Arabs conquered Alexandria in 641 and 646 completing the
Muslim conquest of Egypt and ending 975 years of Greco-Roman rule over
Egypt.
In addition to the capital Cairo, Egypt's other major cities are
Alexandria, al-Mansurah, Aswan, Asyut, El-Mahalla El-Kubra, Giza,
Hurghada, Luxor, Kom Ombo, Port Safaga, Port Said, Sharm el Sheikh,
Shubra-El -Khem, Suez Zagazig.
On the territory of Egypt and spread of the Sahara Desert and the
Libyan desert. There are oases, among which are the Bahariya, Dakhleh,
Farafra, Kharga and Siwa.
Egypt is bordered by Libya to the west, south Sudan and northeastern Israel. Country controls Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean to
the Red Sea.
The important role that Egypt plays in the geopolitical comes from
its strategic position as a land bridge between Africa and Asia, and the
crossing point between the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean
Egyptian Art
He said very often about Egyptian art is an art that hieratic, which
are characters representing the conventional attitudes, formal, rigid,
according to the rules set by religious canons. In reality it is rather a
funerary art, the art of the cult of the dead whose monuments were
designed in various forms. It would be incorrect to consider the works of
Egyptian art as an expression of intense religious life.
Egyptian art is not an endorsement nor a belief in divine
transfiguration life hot Maat statutes representing truth and justice. This art
expresses the longing for happiness in this world, those noble, rich and
powerful continue to the next world.
We admire the aesthetic value of many works of Egyptian art, but we
can not ignore the fact that they were created at the cost of large human
suffering. Herodotus relates, admiring the pyramids, suffering and hard
work of the Egyptians to lift them: "It took twenty years to build the
pyramid itself is ..." On the pharaoh who built it says: "After Cheops
reigned, the people He endured all kinds of suffering ... he forced the
Egyptians to work for him. Some gave the task to draw up the Nile shore

stones extracted from Libyan (Libyan bank = bank of the Nile). They work
tirelessly in the number of one hundred thousand, change every three
months. Overwhelmed people built the road that the stones were brought in
ten years, and it was a work, with slightly less than the pyramid itself, as
far as it seems. "
Sure there is, however, that Egyptian art for over thirty-three
centuries, that is, as stated by E. Drioton and P. du Bourguet Art Pharaohs
in their study, more than any other in the world. Remarkable thing is that
since she left us the greatest number of testimonies of its height, even more
than the art of Greek-Roman or Babylonian asiro.
But the Egyptians had no concept of art in the sense that we know
today. Their artists, sculptors and painters, is confused with artisans. Only
in Greece century. VI-V BC sculptor and painter gets a special status
among artisans. Most works of art precisely because they are anonymous
Egyptian artist was not considered worthy of special honor. On the other
hand, Egyptian art was an art engaged with specific purposes. It was not
intended to achieve beauty, I would like an Orthodox icon is not striving to
express beauty, but to represent an allegory of good and of virtue.
Regarding the Egyptian concept of beauty is known that this term has the
meaning of "good" (moral and utilitarian) and means "beautiful"
(aesthetic). These trends are visible from the old empire, where the two
meanings coexist. The Greek word "beautiful" - Kalos becomes the
meaning of "good" only in the Christian era.
Egyptian artwork should not be admired for her beauty, but
understood, interpreted by releasing the magical and mythical meaning for
which it was created. Her message should be read and placed in relation to
circumstances, places, characters, deities, mythical episodes or actions
referred to magic. An Egyptian artwork should therefore not admired for
her beauty, but read, understood in the sense that Spinoza writes: "Non
rider flair nec, neque sed intelligere wonders" ("Do not laugh, not cry, nor
to admire but to understand ").
Egyptian art is worth immobility, that no changes in taste, no
external influences could not ever change this art. This immobility
immobility should not be blamed on Egyptian beliefs and religions, but on
the stability and consistency tribute mode of production, which was

maintained until the time of the Byzantine and Arab rule. And prohibitions
have remained unchanged ritual, spells, chants, myths, sacred ceremonies
and magical practices that we call "Egyptian religions." With the decline of
Egypt and the victory of Christianity is developing a different art, different
from the "archaic" Egyptian.
How many essential characters of the Egyptian creation through the
ages such as:
* An Egyptian artwork is very easily recognized among many other
works because it is absolutely specific attributes. Egyptian art is striking
uniqueness of any single scholar by the originality of its constituent
characters.
* An Egyptian artwork is not a free creation, a search of beauty in itself,
but it has a mythical or mystical connection to be searched and identified.
* Immobility Egyptian art and its lack of development are consequences
of immobility tribute mode of production.
* Egyptian art was anonymous and only rarely do not know the names of
painters or sculptors who have completed an opera. This is due to the fact
that a work have collaborated many artisans, as collective artistic creation.
Diodorus of Sicily writes: "Thus, once the creators have agreed among
themselves on the height of the statue, go to each party at home that they
have chosen."
* The Egyptian painting and sculpture artists use a lot of rules about the
proportions of the human body, canon: the human face representation and
face generally follows a convention imposed by the magical and mythical
background of Egyptian art.
* The colors in the paintings, like those that covered the statue, had a
magical effect.
Egyptian art in chronological order to study the criterion is
meaningless for two reasons. The first is due to the immobility of art,
which is the creation of the old empire to be similar to those of the first
millennium BC The second reason is that in the history of Egyptian art
there was a time marked by archaism, the dynasty and websites, when they
began to reproduce similar works of the old empire.

References:
* Daniel, Constantin - spiritual culture of ancient Egypt, Romanian
Publishing House, Bucharest, 1985
* Drimba Ovidiu - History Culture and Civilization, Vol I, Scientific and
Encyclopedic Publishing House, Bucharest, 1984
* Popa, Eugen - Egyptian Journal, Sport-Turism Publishing House,
Bucharest, 1988
* Hitt, Philip K. - History of the Arabs, translation, notes and index: Irina
Vainovski-Mihai, Bucharest, Editura All, ISBN: 973-571-855-8