COURSE:

CE 201 (STATICS)

LECTURE NO.:

38 to 40

FACULTY:

DR. SHAMSHAD AHMAD

DEPARTMENT:

CIVIL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY:

KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM

& MINERALS, DHAHRAN, SAUDI ARABIA

TEXT BOOK:

ENGINEERING MECHANICS-STATICS
by R.C. HIBBELER, PRENTICE HALL

LECTURE NO. 38 to 40

PROBLEMS INVOLVING DRY FRICTION

Objectives:

To show how to analyze the equilibrium of rigid

bodies subjected to the dry friction

GENERAL APPROACH FOR ANALYZING RIGID BODIES

SUBJECTED TO DRY FRICTION
Following steps may be used to analyze rigid bodies
subjected to dry friction:
1. Draw the free-body diagrams for the given rigid
body in the manner similar to that used in the
previous chapters showing the frictional force F at
rough contact points in addition to usual reactive
forces

2. Apply equilibrium conditions to the free-body

diagrams to form equations for determining the
values of unknown by solving the equations of
equilibrium simultaneously in the manner similar to
that used in the previous chapters

GENERAL APPROACH FOR ANALYZING RIGID BODIES

SUBJECTED TO DRY FRICTION
3. However, following additional points should be noted
for analyzing rigid bodies subjected to dry friction:
a.If the state of the body at a rough contact point is
mentioned to be under impending, then at such
contact point take F = Fs = s N
b.If the state of the body at a rough contact point is not
mentioned, then at such contact point consider F and N
as unknowns independently and determine their values
by applying equilibrium conditions
The value of F obtained this way is to be considered as
the force required for keeping the body in equilibrium
The state of the body and actual value of the frictional
force may be decided using the calculated values of F
and N in the following manner:

GENERAL APPROACH FOR ANALYZING RIGID BODIES

SUBJECTED TO DRY FRICTION
If F < Fs , the body will be in the state of stable
equilibrium and actual frictional force will be
taken equal to the calculated value of F
If F = Fs , the body will be in the state of
impending and actual frictional force will be
taken equal to the calculated value of F or
Fs (= s N )

If F > Fs , the body will be in the state motion and

actual frictional force will be taken equal to
Fk (= k N )

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 1

Determine the value of the force P
required to cause sliding of the 100 N
block as shown below.

W = 100 N
P
3
4
s = 0.5

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 1

W = 100 N
P

Fx = 0

4
5 P 0.5 N = 0

3
4

N = 1.6 P
s = 0.5

Fy = 0

(1)

3
The force required to cause sliding
of the block will be determined N W 5 P = 0
assuming the block to be in the N = 100 + 0.6P (2)
state of impending as shown in the
free-body diagram of the block Equating Eq. (1) and Eq. (2)
below:
1.6 P = 100 + 0.6P
W
P = 100 N
Ans.
P
5
3

4
Fs = sN
= 0.5N

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 2

Determine the value of the force
P required to cause sliding of the
100 N block as shown below.
W = 100 N

P
3
4
s= 0.5

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 2

W = 100 N

Fx = 0

P
3
4

4
5 P 0.5 N = 0

N = 1.6 P

(1)

s= 0.5

The force required to cause sliding

of the block will be determined
assuming the block to be in the
state of impending as shown in the
free-body diagram of the block
below:
W

P
3
4

Fs = s N = 0.5N

Fy = 0
NW

3
+5

P=0

N = 100 0.6P (2)

Equating Eq. (1) and Eq. (2)

1.6 P = 100 0.6P
P = 45.45 N
Ans.

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 3

Block A having weight of 80 N is placed on
bloc B having a weight of 120 N, as shown in
the figure below. Both blocks are in the state
of impending motion under the action of the
applied force P. If the applied force P
increases state whether the block A will slide
over block B or both blocks will slide
together.

s = 0.5

A
B

s = 0.25

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 3

s = 0.5

s = 0.25

Case I: Let us assume that

block A slides over B:

P required for starting sliding

of block A over block B can be
determined
by
applying
equilibrium conditions to the
FBD of the block A, as follows:
80 N

Fy = 0

N 80 = 0 N = 80 N
Fx = 0
P s N = 0

F=Fs
=sN N P = 0.5 80 = 40 N

Case II: Let us assume that both

blocks slide together:

P required for starting sliding of

both blocks together can be
determined by applying equilibrium
conditions to the FBD of both
blocks together, as follows:
200N
P

Fs

Fy = 0

N 200 = 0
N = 200 N
Fx = 0
P s N = 0
P = 0.25 200 = 50 N

Since P required in Case I is less

than the P required in Case II, an
increase in the value of P will cause
sliding of block A over block B.

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 4

If P = 140 lb, determine the

normal and frictional forces
acting on the 300-lb pipe, shown
in the figure below. Take s = 0.3
and k = 0.2.

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 4

Fx = 0

140 cos 20 F 300 sin 20 =0

F = 28.95 lb
F is the force required to keep the
pipe in equilibrium

The normal force N and frictional

force can be determined by F = 0
y
applying equilibrium conditions to N 140 sin 20 300 cos 20 = 0
the FBD of the pipe, as follows:
N = 329.79 lb Ans.
y

20o W=300lb

P=140lb
20o

20o

Fs = s N = 0.3 329.79 = 98.93 lb

Since F < Fs,

The frictional force
F = 28.95 lb Ans.

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 5

One end of a pole is supported on a
rough floor at A and another end on
a smooth wall at B, as shown in the
figure below. If weight of the pole is
30-lb and d = 10 ft, will the pole
remain in this position when it is
released? Take s = 0.3.

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 5

NB

W=30 lb
26

262 102
= 24 ft

f t.

FA = 6.25 lb
(Force required to keep in equilibrium)

13Cos
13 10
=
= 5 ft
26

d=10ft.

M about A = 0

24NB 30 5 = 0
NB = 6.25 lb.

Fx = 0

NB F A = 0
FA = 6.25 lb.

Fy = 0

NA 30 = 0 NA = 30 lb.

A
NA

FA

Fs = s NA = 0.30 30 = 9 lb.
The pole will remain in the sate of
equilibrium if FA Fs
Since FA < Fs, the pole will remain
in the above position
Ans.

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 6

One end of a 400 N ladder is supported on
a rough floor at A and another end on a
rough wall at B, as shown in the figure
below. Determine the distance x up to
which a 700 N man can climb on the
ladder without causing slipping of the
ladder. Take A = 0.4, B = 0.25.

4m

3m

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 6

B

4m

3m

Since the state of

the ladder will be
considered to be
impending,
FA = 0.4 NA
FB = 0.25 NB

700N

FB = 0.25 NB
NB

4m

Fx = 0
0.4N A N B = 0
Fy = 0
N A + 0.25N B 400 700 = 0
N A + 0.25N B = 1100

(2)

By solving Equations (1) and

(2), values of NA and NB can be
obtained as:
NA = 1000 N and NB = 400 N
M about A = 0

400N

4 N B 3 0.25 N B + 700

FA

NA

(1)

= 0.4NA
1.5 m

3m

+ 400 1.5 = 0

4 400 3 0.25 400 + 700

420 x = 1300

3x
5

3x

x=

1300
420

= 3.1 m Ans.

3x
5

+ 400 1.5 = 0

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 7

A box weighing 100 N is placed on a
rough inclined plane as shown below.
Will the box trip or slide down if the
angle of inclination of plane, ,
increases? Take s = 0.45.
0. 2 m

0. 4 m

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 7

0. 2 m
W

WC
os

y'

W Sin

0. 4 m

x'

0.2m
O

F<F

e
=0. 1
m

Let us assume that the box

would be tipping:

Fy' = 0

Value of the angle of inclination

of plane corresponding to
tipping condition, T, can be
determined
by
applying
equilibrium conditions to the
FBD of the box, as follows:

M about o = 0

N W CosT = 0
N = W CosT

N e + (W SinT) 0.2 = 0
W CosT 0.1 +W SinT 0.2 = 0
TanT =

SinT
CosT

0.1 1
= = 0.5
0.2 2

T = Tan 1 (0.5) = 26.57 D

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 7

0. 2 m

W Co
s

0. 4 m

Fy' = 0

y'

W Sin
S

x'

FS =

sN

N W CosS = 0
N = W CosS

Let us assume that the box

would be sliding:
Value of the angle of inclination
of plane corresponding to
sliding condition, S, can be
determined
by
applying
equilibrium conditions to the
FBD of the box, as follows:

e
=0.1
m

Fx' = 0

FS W SinS = 0
FS = W SinS
sN = W SinS
s W CosS = W SinS
TanS = S = 0.45
S = Tan 1 (0.45) = 24.23D
Since S < T (sliding occurs at
an inclination less than that for
tipping), the box will slide first.

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 8

If s between drum and brake = 0.3 and M
= 35 N-m, determine the smallest force P
that is to be applied to prevent the drum
from rotating. Also calculate reactions at
pin O, Ox and Oy. Take mass of drum as 25
kg and neglect the weight and thickness of
the brake.

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 8

Fx = 0

Determination of Ox and Oy and

NB :

F B Ox = 0
Ox = 280 N Ans.
Fy = 0
Oy NB W = 0
Oy = NB + W
Oy = 700 + 245 = 945 N
Determination of P:

NB

0.3 m
FB=280N

FB= SNB=0.4NB
B
0.125 m

W=25 9.81=245N
W=259.81=245N
O
35N-m

M about O = 0

0.7
0.7m
B

NB=700N

0.125 FB 35 = 0
FB = 280 N

0.5 m

Ox

Ax
Ay

Oy

NB =

Ans.

FB 280
=
0.4 0.4

M about A = 0

= 700 N

P 1 280 0.5 + 700 0.7 = 0

P = 350 N Ans.

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 9

If each book has a mass of 0.95 kg,
determine the greatest number of
books that can be supported in the
stack. The s between the mans hands
and a book is 0.6 and between any two
books is 0.4.

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 9

Number of books that can be

supported in the stack can be
determined
by
applying
equilibrium conditions to the
FBD of the stack, as follows:
Fhand=0.6120=72N

Fbook=0.959.810.4 (n-1)
= 3.728 (n-1)

N=120N

Wb = n0.959.81=9.32n

n = number of
books that can
be held

Fy = 0

72 + 3.728 (n1) 9.32n = 0

68.272
n=
= 12.20, say 12 An
5.59222

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 10

Determine how far the man can walk up
the plank without causing the plank to
slip. The s at A and B is 0.3. The man has
a weight of 200 lb and a center of gravity
at G. Neglect the thickness and weight of
the plank.

PROBLEM SOLVING: Example # 10

M about B = 0

14.09 NA + (0.3 NA) 5.13 + 200Cos 20

(15d) + (200 Sin 20)3 = 0
12.551 NA 187.938 d = 3024.29
NA + 14.974 d = 240.96
NA = 240.96 14.974 d
(1)

Distance d over which the man can

walk up the plank without causing
the plank to slip can be determined
by applying equilibrium conditions
to the FBD of the plank, as follows:
20o

200 lb

(15

y
d)

G
d

FB=0.3 NB

o
90

30o

15 Cos20=14.09 ft

FA=0.3 N A
NA

0.3 NA NB Sin 30 + 0.3 NB Cos 30 = 0

0.3 NB = 0.240 NB
NB = 1.25 NA = 301.2 18.7175 d (2)

Fy = 0

NA 200+NB Cos 30+0.3 NB Sin 30 = 0

NA + 1.016 NB = 200
(3)

3 ft

Fx = 0

NB
30o

15 Sin20
= 5.13ft

Substituting NA and NB in Eq. 3

240.96 14.974 d
+ 1.016 (301.2 18.7175 d) = 200
346.98
d = 33.99 =10.20 ft
Ans.

Multiple Choice Problems

1. A block weighing 100 N placed on a rough
surface and subjected to a force 20 N, as shown
below. If s = 0.3 and k = 0.2, the friction force
F developing between block and the rough
surface will be

(a) 4 N

(b) 6 N

(c) 20 N

(d) 30 N

Ans: (c)
Feedback:
By applying equilibrium condition Fx = 0, we
get F = 20 N. Since Fs (= sN = 0.3 100 = 30 N)
> F, value of F = 20 N is correct.

Multiple Choice Problems

2. A block weighing 50 N placed on a rough
surface and subjected to a force 20 N, as shown
below. If s = 0.3 and k = 0.2, the friction force
F developing between block and the rough
surface will be

(a) 10 N

(b) 15 N

(c) 20 N

(d) 30 N

Ans: (a)
Feedback:
By applying equilibrium condition Fx = 0, we
get F = 20 N. Since Fs (= sN = 0.3 50 = 15 N) <
F, value of F = 20 N is not correct because the
block will move. In this situation, F = Fk= kN =
0.2 50 = 10 N

Multiple Choice Problems

3. A block weighing 100 N placed on a rough
surface and subjected to a inclined force 50 N,
as shown below. If s = 0.2 and k = 0.1, the
friction force F developing between block and
the rough surface will be

(a) 13 N

(b) 20 N

(c) 26 N

(d) 40 N

Ans: (a)
Feedback:
By applying equilibrium condition Fx = 0, we get
4
F = 5 50 = 40 N. Since Fs [= sN = 0.2 (100 +
3
5 50) = 26 N] < F, value of F = 40 N is not correct

because the block will move. In this situation, F =

3
Fk= kN = 0.1 (100 + 5 50) = 13 N.