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Mathematics
7th Grade
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Unit 3
Ratios & Proportional Relationships
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Overview .......................................................................................................................................3
Standards Addressed in this Unit ..................................................................................................4
Key Standards & Related Standards .................................................................................4
Standards for Mathematical Practice ................................................................................6
Enduring Understandings..............................................................................................................7
Concepts & Skills to Maintain ......................................................................................................8
Selected Terms and Symbols ........................................................................................................8
Tasks
OVERVIEW
In Grade 7, students will analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve realworld and mathematical problems. Students will do this by completing the following:
Compute unit rates associated with ratios of fractions, including ratios of lengths, areas
and other quantities measured in like or different units.
Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities.
Decide whether two quantities are in a proportional relationship, e.g., by testing
for equivalent ratios in a table or graphing on a coordinate plane and observing
whether the graph is a straight line through the origin.
Identify the constant of proportionality (unit rate) in tables, graphs, equations,
diagrams, and verbal descriptions of proportional relationships.
Represent proportional relationships by equations. For example, if total cost t is
proportional to the number n of items purchased at a constant price p, the
relationship between the total cost and the number of items can be expressed as
t = pn.
Explain what a point (x, y) on the graph of a proportional relationship means in
terms of the situation, with special attention to the points (0, 0) and (1, r) where r
is the unit rate.
Use proportional relationships to solve multistep ratio and percent problems. Examples:
simple interest, tax, markups and markdowns, gratuities and commissions, fees, percent
increase and decrease, percent error.
Although the units in this instructional framework emphasize key standards and big ideas
at specific times of the year, routine topics such as estimation, mental computation, and basic
computation facts should be addressed on an ongoing basis. Ideas related to the eight practice
standards should be addressed constantly as well. To assure that this unit is taught with the
appropriate emphasis, depth, and rigor, it is important that the tasks listed under Evidence of
Learning be reviewed early in the planning process. A variety of resources should be utilized to
supplement this unit. This unit provides much needed content information, but excellent learning
activities as well. The tasks in this unit illustrate the types of learning activities that should be
utilized from a variety of sources.
RELATED STANDARDS
MCC7.EE.3 Solve multistep reallife and mathematical problems posed with positive and
negative rational numbers in any form (whole numbers, fractions, and decimals), using tools
strategically. Apply properties of operations as strategies to calculate with numbers in any form;
convert between forms as appropriate; and assess the reasonableness of answers using mental
computation and estimation strategies. For example: If a woman making $25 an hour gets a 10%
MATHEMATICS GRADE 7 UNIT 3: Ratios and Proportional Relationships
Georgia Department of Education
Dr. John D. Barge, State School Superintendent
May 2012 Page 4 of 26
All Rights Reserved
raise, she will make an additional 110 of her salary an hour, or $2.50, for a new salary of
$27.50. If you want to place a towel bar 9 34 inches long in the center of a door that is
27 12 inches wide, you will need to place the bar about 9 inches from each edge; this estimate
can be used as a check on the exact computation.
MCC7.NS.1 Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and
subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number
line diagram.
MCC7.NS.1a Describe situations in which opposite quantities combine to make 0. For
example, a hydrogen atom has 0 charge because its two constituents are oppositely
charged.
MCC7.NS.1b Understand p + q as the number located a distance |q| from p, in the
positive or negative direction depending on whether q is positive or negative. Show that a
number and its opposite have a sum of 0 (are additive inverses). Interpret sums of rational
numbers by describing realworld contexts.
MCC7.NS.1c Understand subtraction of rational numbers as adding the additive inverse,
p q = p + (-q). Show that the distance between two rational numbers on the number
line is the absolute value of their difference, and apply this principle in realworld
contexts.
MCC7.NS.1d Apply properties of operations as strategies to add and subtract rational
numbers.
MCC7.NS.2 Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division and of
fractions to multiply and divide rational numbers.
MCC7.NS.2a Understand that multiplication is extended from fractions to rational
numbers by requiring that operations continue to satisfy the properties of operations,
particularly the distributive property, leading to products such as (-1)(-1) = 1 and the
rules for multiplying signed numbers. Interpret products of rational numbers by
describing realworld contexts.
MCC7.NS.2b Understand that integers can be divided, provided that the divisor is not
zero, and every quotient of integers (with nonzero divisor) is a rational number. If p and
q are integers then (p/q) = (-p)/q = p/(-q). Interpret quotients of rational numbers by
describing realworld contexts.
MCC7.NS.2c Apply properties of operations as strategies to multiply and divide rational
numbers.
MCC7.NS.2d Convert a rational number to a decimal using long division; know that the
decimal form of a rational number terminates in 0s or eventually repeats.
MCC7.NS.3 Solve realworld and mathematical problems involving the four operations with
rational numbers.
ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS
http://intermath.coe.uga.edu/dictnary/homepg.asp
Definitions and activities for these and other terms can be found on the Intermath website.
Intermath is geared towards middle and high school students.
Fraction: A number expressed in the form a/b where a is a whole number and b is a
positive whole number.
Multiplicative inverse: Two numbers whose product is 1r. Example: (34) and (43) are
multiplicative inverses of one another because 34 (43) = (43) 34 = 1.
Formula B:
Formula C:
Part A:
1. Which formula will make a drink that has the strongest orange taste? Show your work
and explain.
2. Which formula has the highest percentage of carbonated water in the mixture?
Estimations may be used. Show your work and explain.
Part B:
3. For researchers to test their product, they will need to produce enough of each Orange
Fizz formula to take to various locations around the area for taste testing. Researchers
would like for at least 200 people to sample each formula.
1
Each sample will contain 2 of a cup of Orange Fizz.
Calculate the amount of orange concentrate and carbonated water that would be needed
to make enough Orange Fizz for the survey. Fill in the table below.
Formula A:
Orange Concentrate
Carbonated Water
Total Amount
Formula B:
Orange Concentrate
Carbonated Water
Total Amount
Formula C:
Orange Concentrate
Carbonated Water
Total Amount
Use a measuring tape, yardstick, meter stick or trundle wheel for measuring distances.
Use a pad and pencil to record distances. Dont try to remember the distances; this may
cause mistakes in your map and your scale.
As you record distances, sketch your map, placing landmarks about where they would
be. Record the distances in feet, yards, or meters. Its a good idea to locate landmarks
using the measurements from two boundaries.
Use a compass to find directions. Be sure to label the directions correctly on your map.
Consult Student Guide 3-2 for information about working with scale drawings.
Be sure the final copy of your map is accurate. Label distances and landmarks, add color,
and include a legend and directions. You may want to compare your map to the original
area and check it for accuracy.
To Be Submitted:
1. Your scale map
2. Your records of measurements and calculations
MATHEMATICS GRADE 7 UNIT 3: Ratios and Proportional Relationships
Georgia Department of Education
Dr. John D. Barge, State School Superintendent
May 2012 Page 17 of 26
All Rights Reserved
28
80
.25 (one fourth inch) and 0.375 (three-eighths inch), you must round down so that
Now take the other dimension of the boundary and the other dimension of the paper,
and divide the length of the paper by the length of the boundary.
Round your quotient down to the nearest quarter or eighth inch (or centimeter).
Compare the scales. If they are the same, great! If they are different, use the smaller
scale.
6. To place items on your map, use your measurements and the scale you have chosen. For
example, suppose an apple tree is 21 feet from the fence on the eastern side of the yard,
1
and 16 feet from the fence on the northern side. If your scale is 4 inch = 1 foot, multiply
the number of inches by the number of feet to determine the number of inches the actual
distance would be on your map. Note the example of the math below.
1 21 21
1
=
=5
4 1
4
4
1
1 16
=4
4 1
Place the tree 5 4 inches from the fence on the eastern side, and 4 inches from the
northern side.
Any product that is packaged in more than one size can be compared. For example, you
could compare the unit price of a 6-pack of Coke to the unit price of a 6-pack of Pepsi.
Now lets give the bar a value. The bar now represents $10 which is 100%. Label the bar.
Divide the bar up into ten equal parts. Label each part with its correct percent value and
the correct money value. (Hint: divide $10 by 10)
Lets look at this relationship. Is this a proportional relationship? How do you know?
Fill in the following table and graph the relationship. We will use the values from the bar model
above.
Percent
Answer the following problems based on what we have learned about percents and patterns. You
may use the model, table or graph above to help you. (Hint: Use what you know about 10% of
10 to help you answer each problem.)
1. What is 15% of 10?
2. Jane went to the store to do some shopping. The sign in the window read, Big Sale Today
Only- 20% off of everything in the store!! Jane bought headphones for her I-Pod that were
regularly priced for $10. What did Jane pay for the I-Pod headphones before tax?
3. Walt makes $10 an hour and gets a 15% raise. How much will Walt make an hour after
his raise?
2]
3]
4]
5]
Instead of always drawing a bar to help us find 10% of any value, lets use our knowledge of
patterns and proportions to find 10% of a number.
Lets look at the proportions you set up. What patterns do you see? Explain.
10%
$20
=
100% $200
10%
$80
=
100% $800
10%
$48
=
100% $480
$4.80
10%
=
$48
100%
10%
$6.40
=
100%
$64
Answer the following problems based on your knowledge of 10% of a number. Set up a
proportion to help you get started. Use this knowledge to help you determine each answer.
1. Julia wants to buy a dress that is on sale for 20% off. The original price was $84. What
is the sale price?
2. Shawn earned $220 at his summer job. Shawn put 60% of his money in savings.
How much money did Shawn put into savings?
b) Set up a table and draw a graph to represent this situation. Let the x-axis represent the
number of feet that Nate walks and the y-axis represents the number of feet that Natalie
walks.
c) What patterns do you see in the table? Explain the pattern. Express this as an equation.
d) How do you read the graph? Explain what the coordinate (20, 8) means in the context of
Nate and Natalies walk?
e) When Nate walks 45 feet, how far will Natalie walk? Explain in writing or show how you
found your answer.