Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Chapter 1
Introduction to the Study
1.1 Background
Nepal has a history of over 50 years of biogas technology development. The first
historical biogas system was introduced by Father B. R Saubolle in 1955 at St. Xaviers
School at Godavari Lalitpur as his personal initiatives. It was in the Agriculture Year
1974/75 that the government of Nepal launched special program to promote biogas
technology and installed as many as 250 units of biogas plants (KVIC) in different parts
of the country under the supervision of government and non government organizations.
Since then, the technology has proved its worth in Nepal to draw interest and
involvement of various private and public sector institutions including the donor agencies
has groomed up.
1.4 Statement of the Problem
The problem that will be deserted in this stipulated research is what is the impact of
biogas in Rural Community Development/ Rural livelihood?
According to MOF (2007), 85.5 percent of the Nepalese populations still burn traditional
fuels (fuel wood, agricultural residues and dung cake) inside their homes. Fuel wood
being the principal energy source among these biomass fuels, its demand far exceeds the
sustainable supply (Rijal 1998). In addition, there are other socio-economic,
environmental and health related adverse impacts, many of which are disproportionately
suffered by the women and the poors.
On the other hand, Nepal is dependent on the imported fossil fuel; the rising price of
fossil fuel in the international market is a burden on its foreign exchange and trade
deficit, it on the other aspect has weakened the consumption capacity of basic goods.
Due to these manifold adverse impacts associated with traditional biomass fuels, there
have been efforts from all sides to substitute these traditional energy sources with
alternative energy sources, which are cleaner and greener. It is ironic that Nepal, endowed
with one of the largest hydropower potentials in the world, that so far a very low percent
of its existing potential is only tapped.
In addition to this following questions will be answered.
a. What is the impact of biogas in rural energy conservation?
b. What is the impact of biogas in rural environment conservation?
c. Its impact on rural peoples health (direct and indirect/ short term and long term)
d. What is its impact to rural poverty alleviation?
1.5 Research Objective
The general objective of the study is to figure prospects of biogas installation in terms of
the socio-economic and environmental benefits to the rural community of Nepal.
The specific objectives of the study are:
To calculate average income saving due to non-burning of fuel wood and average saving from
kerosene.
To find out the health, economic and environmental benefits of biogas plants.
To estimate the emission reduction and explore contribution and potentiality of biogas projects
as Clean Development Mechanism.
No significance difference between the Health of biogas users and non biogas users in
rural area
Bio gas uses and non users have similar contribution to the rural environment and energy
conservation.
As the study focus to the various components of the rural development it has not
addressed the rural education, rural infrastructure development and rural level of
awareness.
1.9 Research Methodology
The study will explore the problem in a positive view, using descriptive research strategy
because it aims to know more about the components that are more likely to be
responsible for the rural livelihood development due to the installation of biogas plant
and its responsibility for improvement of rural health, environment and energy
conservation and its correlationship with social living. This research will enable the study
to look at the problem in both descriptive and exploratory manner. It will also look into
the problem by exploring the views of different set of respondents, as well as by
exploring different literatures related with the study.
Chapter - 2
Research Design & Methodology
2.1 Research Design
It is the blueprint for the collection of data, its measurement and analysis. It is a work
plan owing to the objective of the research. I will use descriptive research design; it is
because the characteristics I tend to study quires how and in what respect the biogas
plants help rural livelihood and what are its impacts to social life? On the other hand, i
tend to analyze and discover degree of interdependence between various characteristics
The attitude, awareness and perception of various stakeholders- biogas users and non
users etc. can be studied through qualitative research method. However, every
information cannot be quantified nor all the data can be interpreted quantitatively so
various elements can be interpreted in qualitative nature.
Biogas users
No. of household
Type of Inquiry
100
95-Questionnaire
05-Interview
02
03
05-Interview
Prospect biogas users As per requirement Questionnaire/ Interview/ FGD
04
05
Local community
leaders
Members of
community forest
100
95-Questionnaire
An unstructured interview and focus group discussion is conducted with prospect biogas
users, local community and opinion leaders and members of community forest to obtain
more information. The secondary data are collected via various sources like
Ministry of forest
Central bureau of statistics
Ministry of energy
Alternative energy promotion centre
NGOs/INGOs
District forest office
Various biogas companies
Bulletins/reports, etc.
Google
After the collection of these data, the data analysis tools are used to acquire informative
results. My research work in progress will be guided by Professor of Central
Department of Rural Development, Tribhuwan University Campus, Kirtipur; my
research instructor will be of great valued to reach to better conclusion.
2.8 Data Processing and Analysis
The collected raw data can be molded as per the requirement and objectives of the
research. The various steps that are to be followed are
2.8.1 Data Processing:
2.8.1.1
Editing: It is the process of examining the collected raw data to detect error and
omissions. So to overcome the possible error in research editing is of great value.
2.8.1.2
Coding: In order to make the research more systematic and scientific, assigning
of numerals or symbols to answer is done, so coding helps to allocate the answer
whenever necessary.
2.8.1.3
Classification: The result of research study is at large volume in the form of raw
data. So in order to simplify it should be classified into homogeneous groups, so a
meaningful relationship can be profoundly studied.
.
2.8.1.4
Tabulation: After the necessary classification of data the next step is to arrange
the data in respective tables/ charts/ diagrams, etc. The tabulation is essential in order to
systematize and logical arrangement of data for further manipulation. The reason why the
tabulation is necessary is as under.
To conserve space, reduce descriptive statement into visual/pictorial form.
It facilitates the summation of items and detection of errors and omissions.
Provides a basis of benchmark for statistical computation.
Analysis:
Analysis is the means to estimate the value/s of unknown parameters of the population
from the sample statistics and hypothesis testing in order to reach the conclusion. And
therefore my research analysis is divided into two categories viz. descriptive and
inferential analysis.
2.8.2.1
Descriptive Analysis: It incorporates the study of distribution of one variable.
This study provides us the information about the various impacts of biogas plant, their
intensity and their span in socio-economic prospective of rural households.
2.8.2.2
Inferential Analysis: Basically i opt to use SPSS, to analyze the data and on the
other aspect this inferential analysis simultaneously analyzes more than two variables.
The interdependence between the variables, their correlation, and variance analysis are
employed to draw the inference. To the greatest of my knowledge, i also opt to use F-test,
Chi - Square (2) test and if possible other statistical tools for the study of relationship.
Proposed Duration/Days
6
4
4
3
25
8
10
60
Chapter - 3
3.1 Theoretical Framework
The theory that supports the aim of this study is that the development of rural area can be
achieved only through the infrastructure development and social empowerment followed
by social mobilization. This in turn seems to be viable only if the fundamental requisites
of rural people are fulfilled. Thus energy consumption pattern and use of non renewable
and eco friendly energy source (bio energy) has positive impact to rural livelihood.
Hence, if the parameters such as health & sanitation, environment conservation, use of
renewable sources of energy are some of the positive indicators of rural development. In
frat rural development depends up on these above mention parameters.
On this regards the relation between dependent and independent variable can be
identified and related as:
Independent Variables
Dependent Variable
Rural Livelihood Development
Bio-Gas Plant(BGP)
Health and Sanitation of Rural People
Living Standard and consumption pattern
Socio-economic condition
Environmental condition & degree of
conservation
Infracture development