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2.
steady, 1D
Example:
The velocity field is given by the following equation:
Find:
(a)
The equation for the stream line.
(b)
The equation of the stream line at point (2, 8).
(c)
Velocity of the particle at point (2, 8).
(d)
The particle passing through point (2,8)at t=0, find the
location of the
Particle at time 6.
(e)
Velocity of that particle at t=6.
(f) Path line equation at (2, 8).
Solution:
(a)
(b)
(c)
, where
At
(F)
2-4 Viscosity
Where stresses do came from?
For fluid shear stress arise due to fluid viscous flow.
stresses:
1. Newtonian fluid: is a fluid in which shear stresses is directly
proportional to the shear rate.
Where (
Most fluids are Newtonian like (air, gasoline, oils, water, and
blood)
2. Non_newtonian fluid: is a fluid in which shear stresses is not
directly proportional to the shear rate.
Example: blood, honey, mastered, toothpaste.
F (drag force)
Viscous and invicid flow:What is the nature of the drag force of the air in the ball?
Where:
V: reference velocity of the flow.
D: characteristic length or size of the flow.
Absolute viscosity of the fluid.
: Density of the fluid.
If Re is small, viscous effect will be
important (dominant), on the other hand
F(Lift force)
Conclusion:
The flow is considered to be friction dominated not only based on
the viscosity of the fluid, but the complete flow system.
Laminar and turbulent flows:-
(2)
Gas flow at relatively low speed is compared to the
speed of sound might be incompressible.
(3)
Mach number :
Sol:
Governing equation
Assumptions:
(1)Linear velocity distribution.
(2)Steady flow.
(3) Constant.
Where a and b obtained from boundary conditions.
No slip
For direction:
At the upper plate the shear stress act in the negative x
direction.
At the lower plate the shear stress act in the positive x
direction.
Example:
A pair of parallel disk is used is to measure the viscosity of
the liquid, the upper disk rotates at high H from the lower,
obtain an algebraic expression for the torque required to turn
the disk??
Solution:
,
But