"True knowledge is not attained by thinking. It is what you are; it is what you become.

"
Sri Aurobindo
"Try not to change the world. You will fail. Try to love the world. Lo, the world is changed. Changed
forever."
Sri Chinmoy
"Judge nothing, you will be happy. Forgive everything, you will be happier. Love everything, you will
be happiest."
Sri Chinmoy
"There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as
though everything is a miracle."
Albert Einstein
"I am very happy
Because I have conquered myself
And not the world.
I am very happy
Because I have loved the world
And not myself."
Sri Chinmoy

Hood among 'Most Influential People in Accounting'

I'm pretty sure Tom Hood won't say much about it, so I will.
Tom -- executive director of the MACPA, tireless cheerleader for the CPA profession
and dedicated blogger here at CPA Success -- once again has been included
on Accounting Today's annual list of the 100 Most Influential People in Accounting.
(Free registration may be required to view the list.)
"A pioneer in using social media and Web 2.0 technologies in accounting, Hood has
tapped his expertise to roll out one of the most extensive sets of resources in the
country for helping CPA firms handle the recession," theAccounting Today tribute
reads.
Ever humble, Tom is likely to credit anyone except himself for the award, but believe
me, it is well deserved. He has an uncanny ability to focus on what matters
today and scan for the next big thing at the same time -- to lead CPAs through present
challenges and position them to take advantage of future opportunities.
He is a leader in every sense of the word, and I'm privileged to be able to work for
him. And I'm not just saying that because he signs my paychecks.
Congratulations, Tom. I've said it before, but it bears repeating: Maryland CPAs are
better off for all you do on their behalf.

I'm not gonna stop, that's who I am

I'll give it all I got, that is my plan
Will I find what I lost?
You know you can
Bet on it, bet on it

Bet on it, bet on it

(Bet on me)
I wanna make it right, that is the way
To turn my life around, today is the day
Am I the type of guy who means what I say?
Bet on it, bet on it
Bet on it, bet on it

I'm not gonna stop, that's who I am

(Who I am)
I'll give it all I got, that is my plan
(That's my plan)
Will I find what I lost?
You know you can
(You know you can)
Bet on it, bet on it
Bet on it, bet on it
Bet on me

G.H. Hardy was a great British mathematician. He was the person who made the mathematics world look up to
England for his massive contributions in 'Pure mathematics'. Hardy brought sternness in mathematics which was
uncommon in British mathematicians till he came by. He formulated mathematical essays, number theories and
analysed mathematics in a fresh and new way, changing the way the world looked at British mathematicians (known
as dwellers in applied mathematics before Hardy's time). Hardy is widely known for his collaborative efforts (which is
held as historical) with J. E. Littlewood in making aesthetic developments in mathematical analysis and analytic
number theory. Hardy broke all British traditions of dwelling in 'Applied mathematics' and became a prominent figure
in pure mathematics. He brought great many changes in common man's understanding of mathematics by
contributing several essays on mathematics. Hardy is also known for being the mentor of the great Indian
mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan.
G H Hardy Childhood and Youth
Godfrey Harold Hardy was born on 7 February 1877 in Cranleigh, Surrey, England to teacher parents. Hardys birth
wrote his fate as both his parents were greatly inclined towards mathematics.
At a very young age Hardy found himself being naturally pulled by mathematics. He was surely a genius to be able to
write numbers up to millions when he was just 2 years old. He went to church where he stunned everyone by
factorizing the numbers of the hymns.
Hardy finished his schooling from Cranleigh School which was an independent English boarding school in Cranleigh,
Surrey. He earned his scholarship to pursue his mathematical work in Winchester College. In 1896 Hardy enrolled
himself in Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took just two years to prepare himself for the Mathematics Tripos
examination standing fourth in it. In his later years Hardy had worked hard to get rid of the Tripos procedure as he
started feeling the overbearing nature of the system than a fruitful means of achieving an end in the examination
process.
During his university days, Hardy became a member of the Cambridge Apostles which was a secret society for the
elite and intellectual students of the university.
Hardy was greatly influenced (as stated by him) by French mathematician Camille Jordan whose Cours d'analyse de
l'cole Polytechnique had helped Hardy become well acquainted with prevalent European mathematical trends of his
time. In 1900 he succeeded in passing part II of the tripos which also made him win a fellowship.
In 1903 Hardy received his M.A. which was arguably the topmost academic degree at English universities of the time.
In 1906, he was appointed lecturer and he taught for six hours per week leaving him with enough time for research.
In 1919 Hardy left Cambridge to join Oxford after being appointed as the Savilian Chair of Geometry. Again in 1931
Hardy found his way back to Cambridge where he remained Sadleirian Professor till 1942.
Career and Work
Hardy is known for being the most important figure in English mathematics as he was the one who brought light into
pure mathematics in England. Before him English mathematicians were known for their contributions in applied
mathematics. He brought mathematical rigour which was known to be brought about and represented only by French,
Swiss and German. English mathematical tradition was deeply rooted in applied mathematics due to the great
influences of Isaac Newton. Hardy was far flung in his French cours d'analyse methods. His conceptions were deep

around pure mathematics. Hardy was against all English mathematical traditions starting from Mathematical Tripos to
hydrodynamics prevalent in Cambridge mathematics.
In the year 1911, Hardy started off an important mathematical journey by collaborating with fellow English
mathematician, John Edensor Littlewood in coming up with and propounding mathematical analysis and analytic
number theory. Hardy and Johns extensive researches and laborious works resulted in improvement and quantitative
progress on the Waring problem which later became known as a part of Hardy-Littlewood circle method.
While working and formulating innovations on prime number theory Hardy and Littlewood came up with brilliant
proofs and conditional results. This went on to develop number theory as a system of conjectures. Some of the finest
examples of the collaborative results are first and second HardyLittlewood conjectures. The Hardy-Littlewood
collaboration is regarded as one of the most brilliant, successful and famous collaborative ventures in the history of
mathematics.
Hardy also collaborated with Wilhelm Weinberg to come up with the HardyWeinberg principle, a basic principle of
population genetics. Hardys involvement in this field made him discover a branch of applied mathematics. Hardys
collection of works and papers were published by Oxford University Press in 7 notable volumes.
Ideas, Beliefs and Contributions
Hardy detested war and use of mathematics in military operations and war strategies. This was the sole reason for
Hardys preference for pure mathematics without any traditional applications of it in social devastations.
In 1914 Hardy collaborated with Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan. Hardy became Ramanujans mentor
and they came up with the Hardy-Ramanujan asymptotic formula which has been greatly used in Physics required for
finding quantum partition functions of atomic nuclei and also to derive thermodynamic functions of non-interacting
Bose-Einstein systems. In spite of Hardys unwillingness to move away from pure mathematics, many of his works
and derivations have been applied greatly in other branches of science. Hardy was once asked about his greatest
contribution in mathematics to which he had said that Ramanujan was his discovery and Hardy also referred to his
collaboration with Ramanujan as the one romantic incident in my life.
Hardy remained socially associated with the Bloomsbury group and the Cambridge Apostles which had members like
G. E. Moore, Bertrand Russell and J. M. Keynes who were Hardys friends. Hardy had great love for cricket which
made him become friends with English physicist and novelist C.P. Snow.
Hardy became involved in politics often in his life. He was never an activist but took part in the Union of Democratic
Control during World War I and got strongly involved in For Intellectual Liberty in the late 1930s.
Personal Life
Hardy remained a bachelor all his life having some respite from a few platonic relationships with young men sharing
common sensibilities like him. He was a non-believer. Hardy was believed to be a very shy person not liking the idea
of meeting new people. It was often noted that he did not even like to see his very own image on the mirror and so
during his stay in hotels he often used to cover the mirrors with towels.
Hardy was unsocial, shy, cold and eccentric as a person all through his life. Although he received awards, prizes and
several honours in his school life, he hated to receive them in front of the entire school.

During his obituary, Hardys former students had noted the kind hearted nature of Hardy. Hardy was said to be a man
who could not stand the failure of his pupil in their researches.
Death
Hardy died on 1 December 1947. During his last days, Hardys sister took care of him.

Steven Paul Jobs (/dbz/; February 24, 1955 October 5, 2011)[4][5] was an American businessman
and inventor widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer revolution.[6][7] He was
co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. Jobs was co-founder and previously
served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of directors
of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, following the acquisition of Pixar by Disney.

In the late 1970s, Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak engineered one of the first commercially successful
lines of personal computers, the Apple II series. Jobs directed its aesthetic design and marketing along
with A.C. "Mike" Markkula, Jr. and others.
In the early 1980s, Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mousedriven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa (engineered by Ken Rothmuller
and John Couch) and, one year later, creation of Apple employee Jef Raskin's Macintosh. After losing a
power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded NeXT, a computer
platform development company specializing in the higher-education and business markets.
In 1986, he acquired the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm Ltd, which was spun off as Pixar
Animation Studios.[8] He was credited in Toy Story(1995) as an executive producer. He
remained CEO and majority shareholder at 50.1 percent until its acquisition by The Walt Disney
Company in 2006,[9] making Jobs Disney's largest individual shareholder at seven percent and a member
of Disney's Board of Directors.[10][11]
In 1996, NeXT was acquired by Apple. The deal brought Jobs back to the company he co-founded, and
provided Apple with the NeXTSTEP codebase, from which the Mac OS X was developed."[12] Jobs was
named Apple advisor in 1996, interim CEO in 1997, and CEO from 2000 until his resignation. He oversaw
the development of the iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone, and iPad and the company's Apple Retail Stores.[13]
In 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with a rare form of pancreatic cancer. Though it was initially treated, Jobs
reported a hormone imbalance, underwent a liver transplant in 2009, and appeared progressively thinner
as his health declined.[14] In August 2011, during his third medical leave, Jobs resigned as CEO, but
continued to work for Apple as Chairman of the Board until his death.
On October 5, 2011, he died in his Palo Alto home, aged 56. His death certificate listed respiratory
arrest as the immediate cause of death, with "metastatic pancreas neuroendocrine tumor" as the
underlying cause. His occupation was listed as "entrepreneur" in the "high tech" business. [15]

Early life and education

Steven Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco on 24 February 1955, to two university students, Joanne
Carole Schieble and Syrian born Abdulfattah "John" Jandali (Arabic: ) , who were both
unmarried at the time.[16] He was adopted at birth by Paul Reinhold Jobs (19221993) and Clara Jobs
(19241986). Clara's maiden name was Hagopian.[17] When asked about his "adoptive parents," Jobs
replied emphatically that Paul and Clara Jobs "were my parents." [18] He later stated in his authorized
biography that they "were my parents 1,000%." [19] His biological parents subsequently married (December
1955), had a second child Mona Simpson in 1957, and divorced in 1962.[19]
The Jobs family moved from San Francisco to Mountain View, California when Steve was five years old.[1]
[2]
Paul and Clara later adopted a daughter, Patti. Paul Jobs, a machinist for a company that made lasers,
taught his son rudimentary electronics and how to work with his hands. [1] Clara was an accountant,[18] who

taught him to read before he went to school.[1] Clara Jobs had been a payroll clerk for Varian Associates,
one of the first high-tech firms in what became known as Silicon Valley.[20]
Jobs attended Monta Loma Elementary, Mountain View, Cupertino Junior High and Homestead High
School in Cupertino, California.[2] He frequented after-school lectures at the Hewlett-Packard
Company in Palo Alto, California, and was later hired there, working with Steve Wozniak as a summer
employee.[21] Following high school graduation in 1972, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland,
Oregon. Although he dropped out after only one semester,[22] he continued auditing classes at Reed, while
sleeping on the floor in friends' rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money, and getting weekly free
meals at the local Hare Krishna temple.[23] Jobs later said, "If I had never dropped in on that
single calligraphy course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally
spaced fonts."[23]

Early career

Homebrew Computer Club Newsletter, September 1976

In 1974, Jobs took a job as a technician at Atari, Inc. in Los Gatos, California.[24] He traveled to India in
mid-1974[25] to visit Neem Karoli Baba[26] at his Kainchi Ashram with a Reed College friend (and, later, an
early Apple employee), Daniel Kottke, in search of spiritual enlightenment. When they got to the Neem
Karoli ashram, it was almost deserted as Neem Karoli Baba had died in September 1973. [24] Then they
made a long trek up a dry riverbed to an ashram of Hariakhan Baba. In India, they spent a lot of time on
bus rides from Delhi to Uttar Pradesh and back, then up to Himachal Pradesh and back.[24]
Jobs left India after staying for seven months[27] and returned to the US ahead of Daniel Kottke,[24] with his
head shaved and wearing traditional Indian clothing. [28][29]During this time, Jobs experimented
with psychedelics, calling his LSD experiences "one of the two or three most important things [he had]
done in [his] life".[30] He also became a serious practitioner of Zen Buddhism, engaged in
lengthy meditation retreats at the Tassajara Zen Mountain Center, the oldest St Zen monastery in the

US,[31] considered taking up monastic residence, and maintained a lifelong appreciation for Zen. [32] He
later said that people around him who did not share hiscountercultural roots could not fully relate to his
thinking.[30]
Jobs returned to Atari and was assigned to create a circuit board for the game Breakout. According to
Atari co-founder Nolan Bushnell, Atari offered $100 for each chip that was eliminated in the machine.
Jobs had little interest in or knowledge of circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the
fee evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Much to the amazement of
Atari, Wozniak reduced the number of chips by 50, a design so tight that it was impossible to reproduce
on an assembly line. According to Wozniak, Jobs told Wozniak that Atari gave them only $700 (instead of
the offered $5,000) and that Wozniak's share was thus $350. [33] Wozniak did not learn about the bonus
until ten years later, but said that had Jobs told him about it and said he needed the money, Wozniak
would have given it to him.[34]
Jobs began attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club with Wozniak in 1975.[2] He greatly
admired Edwin H. Land, the inventor of instant photography and founder of Polaroid Corporation, and
explicitly modeled his own career after that of Land's. [35][36]

Career
Apple Computer
See also: History of Apple

Home of Paul and Clara Jobs, on Crist Drive in Los Altos, California. Steve Jobs formed Apple Computer in its garage
withSteve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne in 1976. Wayne stayed only a short time, leaving Jobs and Wozniak as the primary
co-founders of the company.

Jobs and Steve Wozniak met in 1971, when their mutual friend, Bill Fernandez, introduced 21-year-old
Wozniak to 16-year-old Jobs. In 1976, Wozniak invented the Apple I computer. Jobs, Wozniak,
and Ronald Wayne founded Apple computer in the garage of Jobs's parents in order to sell it. [37] They

received funding from a then-semi-retired Intel product-marketing manager and engineer Mike Markkula.
[38]

In 1978, Apple recruited Mike Scott from National Semiconductor to serve as CEO for what turned out to
be several turbulent years. In 1983, Jobs lured John Sculley away from Pepsi-Cola to serve as Apple's
CEO, asking, "Do you want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life, or do you want to come with me
and change the world?"[39]

Apple logo in 1977, created byRob Janoff with the rainbow color theme used until 1998.

In the early 1980s, Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mousedriven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa. One year later, Apple
employee Jef Raskin invented the Macintosh.[40][41]
The following year, Apple aired a Super Bowl television commercial titled "1984". At Apple's annual
shareholders meeting on January 24, 1984, an emotional Jobs introduced the Macintosh to a wildly
enthusiastic audience; Andy Hertzfeld described the scene as "pandemonium".[42]
While Jobs was a persuasive and charismatic director for Apple, some of his employees from that time
described him as an erratic and temperamental manager. Disappointing sales caused a deterioration in
Jobs's working relationship with Sculley and it eventually became a power struggle between Jobs and
Sculley.[43] Jobs kept meetings running past midnight, sent out lengthy faxes, then called new meetings at
7:00 am.[44]
Sculley learned that Jobsbelieving Sculley to be "bad for Apple" and the wrong person to lead the
companyhad been attempting to organize a boardroom coup, and on May 24, 1985, called a board
meeting to resolve the matter.[43] Apple's board of directors sided with Sculley and removed Jobs from his
managerial duties as head of the Macintosh division.[45][46] Jobs resigned from Apple five months
later[43] and founded NeXT Inc. the same year.[44][47]
In a speech Jobs gave at Stanford University in 2005, he said being fired from Apple was the best thing
that could have happened to him; "The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of
being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods
of my life." And he added, "I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from
Apple. It was awful-tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it." [23][48][49]

NeXT Computer
See also: NeXT

A NeXTstation with the original keyboard, mouse and the NeXT MegaPixel monitor

After leaving Apple, Jobs founded NeXT Computer in 1985, with $7 million. A year later, Jobs was running
out of money, and with no product on the horizon, he appealed for venture capital. Eventually, he attracted
the attention of billionaire Ross Perot who invested heavily in the company.[50] NeXT workstations were
first released in 1990, priced at $9,999. Like the Apple Lisa, the NeXT workstation was technologically
advanced, but was largely dismissed as cost-prohibitive by the educational sector for which it was
designed.[51] The NeXT workstation was known for its technical strengths, chief among them its objectoriented software development system. Jobs marketed NeXT products to the financial, scientific, and
academic community, highlighting its innovative, experimental new technologies, such as the Mach
kernel, the digital signal processor chip, and the built-in Ethernet port. Tim Berners-Lee invented
the World Wide Web on a NeXT computer at CERN.[52]
The revised, second-generation NeXTcube was released in 1990, also. Jobs touted it as the first
"interpersonal" computer that would replace the personal computer. With its
innovative NeXTMail multimedia email system, NeXTcube could share voice, image, graphics, and video
in email for the first time. "Interpersonal computing is going to revolutionize human communications and
groupwork", Jobs told reporters.[53] Jobs ran NeXT with an obsession for aesthetic perfection, as
evidenced by the development of and attention to NeXTcube's magnesium case. [54] This put considerable
strain on NeXT's hardware division, and in 1993, after having sold only 50,000 machines, NeXT
transitioned fully to software development with the release of NeXTSTEP/Intel.[55] The company reported
its first profit of $1.03 million in 1994.[50] In 1996, NeXT Software, Inc. released WebObjects, a framework
for Web application development. After NeXT was acquired by Apple Inc. in 1997, WebObjects was used
to build and run the Apple Store,[55] MobileMe services, and the iTunes Store.

Pixar and Disney

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by
adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may
be challenged and removed. (January 2012)

In 1986, Jobs bought The Graphics Group (later renamed Pixar) from Lucasfilm's computer graphics
division for the price of $10 million, $5 million of which was given to the company as capital. [56]
The first film produced by the partnership, Toy Story, with Jobs credited as executive producer,[57] brought
fame and critical acclaim to the studio when it was released in 1995. Over the next 15 years, under
Pixar's creative chief John Lasseter, the company produced box-office hits A Bug's Life (1998); Toy Story
2 (1999); Monsters, Inc. (2001); Finding Nemo (2003); The
Incredibles (2004); Cars(2006); Ratatouille (2007); WALL-E (2008); Up (2009); and Toy Story
3 (2010). Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Ratatouille, WALL-E, Up and Toy Story 3 each received
the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, an award introduced in 2001.[citation needed]
Steve Jobs on computer
graphics

Steve Jobs on computer

graphics. Interview excerpt
from 1995.[58]

In the years 2003 and 2004, as Pixar's contract with Disney was running out, Jobs and Disney chief
executive Michael Eisner tried but failed to negotiate a new partnership, [59] and in early 2004, Jobs
announced that Pixar would seek a new partner to distribute its films after its contract with Disney expired.
In October 2005, Bob Iger replaced Eisner at Disney, and Iger quickly worked to patch up relations with
Jobs and Pixar. On January 24, 2006, Jobs and Iger announced that Disney had agreed to purchase
Pixar in an all-stock transaction worth $7.4 billion. When the deal closed, Jobs became The Walt Disney
Company's largest single shareholder with approximately seven percent of the company's stock. [10] Jobs's
holdings in Disney far exceeded those of Eisner, who holds 1.7 percent, and of Disney family
member Roy E. Disney, who until his 2009 death held about one percent of the company's stock and
whose criticisms of Eisner especially that he soured Disney's relationship with Pixar accelerated
Eisner's ousting. Jobs joined the company's board of directors upon completion of the merger and also
helped oversee Disney and Pixar's combined animation businesses from a seat on a special six-person
steering committee.[60] Upon Jobs's death his shares in Disney were transferred to the Steven P. Jobs
Trust led by Laurene Jobs.[61]

Return to Apple

See also: "19982005: Return to profitability" in Apple, Inc.

Logo for the Think Different campaign designed by TBWA\Chiat\Day and initiated by Jobs after his return to Apple Computer
in 1997.

In 1996, Apple announced that it would buy NeXT for $429 million. The deal was finalized in late 1996,
[62]
bringing Jobs back to the company he co-founded. Jobs became de facto chief after then-CEO Gil
Amelio was ousted in July 1997. He was formally named interim chief executive in September. [63] In March
1998, to concentrate Apple's efforts on returning to profitability, Jobs terminated a number of projects,
such as Newton, Cyberdog, and OpenDoc. In the coming months, many employees developed a fear of
encountering Jobs while riding in the elevator, "afraid that they might not have a job when the doors
opened. The reality was that Jobs's summary executions were rare, but a handful of victims was enough
to terrorize a whole company."[64] Jobs also changed the licensing program for Macintosh clones, making
it too costly for the manufacturers to continue making machines.
With the purchase of NeXT, much of the company's technology found its way into Apple products, most
notably NeXTSTEP, which evolved into Mac OS X. Under Jobs's guidance, the company increased sales
significantly with the introduction of the iMac and other new products; since then, appealing designs and
powerful branding have worked well for Apple. At the 2000 Macworld Expo, Jobs officially dropped the
"interim" modifier from his title at Apple and became permanent CEO. [65] Jobs quipped at the time that he
would be using the title "iCEO".[66]

Jobs on stage at Macworld Conference & Expo, San Francisco, January 11, 2005

The company subsequently branched out, introducing and improving upon other digital appliances. With
the introduction of the iPod portable music player, iTunes digital music software, and the iTunes Store, the
company made forays into consumer electronics and music distribution. On June 29, 2007, Apple entered
the cellular phone business with the introduction of the iPhone, a multi-touch display cell phone, which
also included the features of an iPod and, with its own mobile browser, revolutionized the mobile browsing
scene. While stimulating innovation, Jobs also reminded his employees that "real artists ship". [67]
Jobs was both admired and criticized for his consummate skill at persuasion and salesmanship, which
has been dubbed the "reality distortion field" and was particularly evident during his keynote speeches
(colloquially known as "Stevenotes") at Macworld Expos and at Apple Worldwide Developers
Conferences. In 2005, Jobs responded to criticism of Apple's poor recycling programs for e-waste in the
US by lashing out at environmental and other advocates at Apple's Annual Meeting in Cupertino in April. A
few weeks later, Apple announced it would take back iPods for free at its retail stores. The Computer
TakeBack Campaign responded by flying a banner from a plane over the Stanford University graduation
at which Jobs was the commencement speaker.[23] The banner read "Steve, don't be a mini-player
recycle all e-waste".
In 2006, he further expanded Apple's recycling programs to any US customer who buys a new Mac. This
program includes shipping and "environmentally friendly disposal" of their old systems. [68]

Resignation
In August 2011, Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple, but remained with the company as chairman of the
company's board.[69][70] Hours after the announcement, Apple Inc. (AAPL) shares dropped five percent in
after-hours trading.[71] This relatively small drop, when considering the importance of Jobs to Apple, was

associated with the fact that his health had been in the news for several years, and he had been on
medical leave since January 2011.[72] It was believed, according to Forbes, that the impact would be felt in
a negative way beyond Apple, including at The Walt Disney Company where Jobs served as director.[73] In
after-hours trading on the day of the announcement, Walt Disney Co. (DIS) shares dropped 1.5 percent.
[74]

Business life
Wealth
Jobs earned only $1 a year as CEO of Apple,[75] but held 5.426 million Apple shares, as well as 138 million
shares in Disney (which he received in exchange for Disney's acquisition of Pixar). [76] Jobs quipped that
the $1 per annum he was paid by Apple was based on attending one meeting for 50 cents while the other
50 cents was based on his performance.[77] Forbes estimated his net wealth at $8.3 billion in 2010,
making him the 42nd wealthiest American.[78]

Stock options backdating issue

Steve Jobs and Bill Gates at the fifthD: All Things Digital conference (D5) in 2007

In 2001, Jobs was granted stock options in the amount of 7.5 million shares of Apple with an exercise
price of $18.30. It was alleged that the options had been backdated, and that the exercise price should
have been $21.10. It was further alleged that Jobs had thereby incurred taxable income of $20,000,000
that he did not report, and that Apple overstated its earnings by that same amount. As a result, Jobs
potentially faced a number of criminal charges and civil penalties. The case was the subject of active
criminal and civil government investigations,[79] though an independent internal Apple investigation
completed on December 29, 2006, found that Jobs was unaware of these issues and that the options
granted to him were returned without being exercised in 2003. [80]
On July 1, 2008, a $7-billion class action suit was filed against several members of the Apple Board of
Directors for revenue lost due to the alleged securities fraud. [81][82]

Management style

Jobs was a demanding perfectionist[83][84] who always aspired to position his businesses and their products
at the forefront of the information technology industry by foreseeing and setting trends, at least in
innovation and style.
He summed up that self-concept at the end of his keynote speech at the Macworld Conference and
Expo in January 2007, by quoting ice hockey playerWayne Gretzky:
There's an old Wayne Gretzky quote that I love. 'I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it has
been.' And we've always tried to do that at Apple. Since the very very beginning. And we always will. [85]
Much was made of Jobs's aggressive and demanding personality. Fortune wrote that he was "considered
one of Silicon Valley's leading egomaniacs".[86] Commentaries on his temperamental style can be found
in Michael Moritz's The Little Kingdom, The Second Coming of Steve Jobs, by Alan Deutschman;
and iCon: Steve Jobs, by Jeffrey S. Young & William L. Simon. In 1993, Jobs madeFortune's list of
America's Toughest Bosses in regard to his leadership of NeXT.
NeXT Cofounder Dan'l Lewin was quoted in Fortune as saying of that period, "The highs were
unbelievable ... But the lows were unimaginable", to which Jobs's office replied that his personality had
changed since then.[87]
In 2005, Jobs banned all books published by John Wiley & Sons from Apple Stores in response to their
publishing an unauthorized biography, iCon: Steve Jobs.[88] In its 2010 annual earnings report, Wiley said
it had "closed a deal ... to make its titles available for the iPad." [89] Jef Raskin, a former colleague, once
said that Jobs "would have made an excellent king of France", alluding to Jobs's compelling and largerthan-life persona.[90] Floyd Norman said that at Pixar, Jobs was a "mature, mellow individual" and never
interfered with the creative process of the filmmakers. [91]
Jobs had a public war of words with Dell Computer CEO Michael Dell, starting in 1987 when Jobs first
criticized Dell for making "un-innovative beige boxes". [92] On October 6, 1997, in a GartnerSymposium,
when Michael Dell was asked what he would do if he ran then-troubled Apple Computer, he said "I'd shut
it down and give the money back to the shareholders." [93] In 2006, Jobs sent an email to all employees
when Apple's market capitalization rose above Dell's. The email read:
Team, it turned out that Michael Dell wasn't perfect at predicting the future. Based on today's stock market
close, Apple is worth more than Dell. Stocks go up and down, and things may be different tomorrow, but I
thought it was worth a moment of reflection today. Steve. [94]
Jobs was also a board member at Gap Inc. from 1999 to 2002.[95]

Inventions and designs

His design sense was greatly influenced by the Buddhism which he experienced in India while on a
seven-month spiritual journey.[96] His sense of intuition was also influenced by the spiritual people with
whom he studied.[96]

As of October 9, 2011, Jobs is listed as either primary inventor or co-inventor in 342 United States patents
or patent applications related to a range of technologies from actual computer and portable devices to
user interfaces (including touch-based), speakers, keyboards, power adapters, staircases, clasps,
sleeves, lanyards and packages. Most of these are design patents (specific product designs) as opposed
to utility patents (inventions).[97][98] He has 43 issued US patents on inventions.[99] The patent on the Mac
OS X Dock user interface with "magnification" feature was issued the day before he died. [100]

Philanthropy
Arik Hesseldahl of BusinessWeek magazine stated that "Jobs isn't widely known for his association with
philanthropic causes", compared to Bill Gates's efforts.[101] Jobs said (in 1985) that he does charitable acts
privately.[102] After resuming control of Apple in 1997, Jobs eliminated all corporate philanthropy programs
initially.[103] Later, under Jobs, Apple signed to participate in Product Redprogram, producing red versions
of devices to give profits from sales to charity. Apple has gone on to become the single largest contributor
to the charity since its initial involvement with it. The chief of the Product Red project, singer Bono cited
Jobs saying there was "nothing better than the chance to save lives," when he initially approached Apple
with the invitation to participate in the program.[104]

Personal life
Jobs's birth parents met at the University of Wisconsin. Abdulfattah "John" Jandali, a Syrian Muslim,
[105]
taught there. Joanne Carole Schieble was his student; they were the same age because Jandali had
"gotten his PhD really young." [106][107][108] Schieble had a career as a speech language pathologist. Jandali
taught political science at the University of Nevada in the 1960s, and then made his career in the food
and beverage industry, and since 2006, has been a vice president at a casino in Reno, Nevada.[109][110] In
December 1955, ten months after giving up their baby boy, Schieble and Jandali married. In 1957, they
had a daughter Mona together. They divorced in 1962, and Jandali lost touch with his daughter. [111] Her
mother remarried and had Mona take the surname of her stepfather, so she became known as Mona
Simpson.[107]
In the 1980s, Jobs found his birth mother, Joanne Schieble Simpson, who told him he had a biological
sister, Mona Simpson. They met for the first time in 1985 [111] and became close friends. The siblings kept
their relationship secret until 1986, when Mona introduced him at a party for her first book. [18]
After deciding to search for their father, Simpson found Jandali managing a coffee shop. Without knowing
who his son had become, Jandali told Mona that he had previously managed a popular restaurant in the
Silicon Valley where "Even Steve Jobs used to eat there. Yeah, he was a great tipper." In a taped
interview with his biographer Walter Isaacson, aired on 60 Minutes,[112] Jobs said: "When I was looking for
my biological mother, obviously, you know, I was looking for my biological father at the same time, and I
learned a little bit about him and I didn't like what I learned. I asked her to not tell him that we ever
met...not tell him anything about me."[113] Jobs was in occasional touch with his mother Joanne Simpson,
[103][114]
who lives in a nursing home in Los Angeles.[107] When speaking about his biological parents, Jobs
stated: "They were my sperm and egg bank. That's not harsh, it's just the way it was, a sperm bank thing,

nothing more."[19] Jandali stated in an interview with the The Sun in August 2011, that his efforts to contact
Jobs were unsuccessful. Jandali mailed in his medical history after Jobs's pancreatic disorder was made
public that year.[115][116][117]
In her eulogy to Jobs at his memorial service, Mona Simpson stated:
I grew up as an only child, with a single mother. Because we were poor and because I knew my
father had emigrated from Syria, I imagined he looked like Omar Sharif. I hoped he would be rich
and kind and would come into our lives (and our not yet furnished apartment) and help us. Later,
after I'd met my father, I tried to believe he'd changed his number and left no forwarding address
because he was an idealistic revolutionary, plotting a new world for the Arab people. Even as a
feminist, my whole life I'd been waiting for a man to love, who could love me. For decades, I'd
thought that man would be my father. When I was 25, I met that man and he was my brother. [111]
Jobs's first child, Lisa Brennan-Jobs, was born in 1978, the daughter of his longtime partner Chris
Ann Brennan, a Bay Area painter.[103] For two years, she raised their daughter on welfare while Jobs
denied paternity by claiming he was sterile; he later acknowledged Lisa as his daughter. [103] Jobs later
married Laurene Powell on March 18, 1991, in a ceremony at the Ahwahnee Hotel in Yosemite
National Park. Presiding over the wedding was Kobun Chino Otogawa, a Zen Buddhist monk. Their
son, Reed, was born September 1991, followed by daughters Erin in August 1995, and Eve in 1998.
[118]
The family lives in Palo Alto, California.[119]

Jobs demonstrating the iPhone 4 toRussian President Dmitry Medvedev on June 23, 2010

In the unauthorized biography, The Second Coming of Steve Jobs, author Alan Deutschman reports
that Jobs once dated Joan Baez. Deutschman quotes Elizabeth Holmes, a friend of Jobs from his
time at Reed College, as saying she "believed that Steve became the lover of Joan Baez in large
measure because Baez had been the lover of Bob Dylan" (Dylan was the Apple icon's favorite
musician). In another unauthorized biography, iCon: Steve Jobs by Jeffrey S. Young & William L.
Simon, the authors suggest that Jobs might have married Baez, but her age at the time (41) meant it
was unlikely the couple could have children.

Jobs was also a fan of The Beatles. He referred to them on multiple occasions at Keynotes and also
was interviewed on a showing of a Paul McCartneyconcert. When asked about his business
model on 60 Minutes, he replied:
My model for business is The Beatles: They were four guys that kept each other's negative
tendencies in check; they balanced each other. And the total was greater than the sum of the parts.
Great things in business are never done by one person, they are done by a team of people. [120]
In 1982, Jobs bought an apartment in The San Remo, an apartment building in New York City with a
politically progressive reputation, where Demi Moore,Steven Spielberg, Steve Martin, and
Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, daughter of Rita Hayworth, also had apartments. With the help of I.M.
Pei, Jobs spent years renovating his apartment in the top two floors of the building's north tower, only
to sell it almost two decades later to U2 singer Bono. Jobs never moved in.[121][122]
In 1984, Jobs purchased the Jackling House, a 17,000-square-foot (1,600 m2), 14-bedroom Spanish
Colonial mansion designed by George Washington Smith in Woodside, California. Although it
reportedly remained in an almost unfurnished state, Jobs lived in the mansion for almost ten years.
According to reports, he kept a 1966 BMW R60/2 motorcycle in the living room, and let Bill
Clintonuse it in 1998. From the early 1990s, Jobs lived in a house in the Old Palo Alto neighborhood
of Palo Alto. President Clinton dined with Jobs and 14 Silicon Valley CEOs there on August 7, 1996,
at a meal catered by Greens Restaurant.[123][124] Clinton returned the favor and Jobs, who was
a Democratic donor, slept in the Lincoln bedroom of the White House.[125]
Jobs allowed Jackling House to fall into a state of disrepair, planning to demolish the house and build
a smaller home on the property; but he met with complaints from local preservationists over his plans.
In June 2004, the Woodside Town Council gave Jobs approval to demolish the mansion, on the
condition that he advertise the property for a year to see if someone would move it to another location
and restore it. A number of people expressed interest, including several with experience in restoring
old property, but no agreements to that effect were reached. Later that same year, a local
preservationist group began seeking legal action to prevent demolition. In January 2007, Jobs was
denied the right to demolish the property, by a court decision. [126] The court decision was overturned
on appeal in March 2010, and the mansion was demolished beginning in February 2011. [127]
Jobs usually wore a black long-sleeved mock turtleneck made by Issey Miyake (that was sometimes
reported to be made by St. Croix), Levi's 501 blue jeans, and New Balance 991 sneakers.[128][129]Jobs
told Walter Isaacson "...he came to like the idea of having a uniform for himself, both because of its
daily convenience (the rationale he claimed) and its ability to convey a signature style." [130] He was
a pescetarian.[131]
Jobs's car was a silver 2008 Mercedes-Benz SL 55 AMG, which does not display its license plates,
as he took advantage of a California law which gives a maximum of six months for new vehicles to
receive plates; Jobs leased a new identical SL every six months. [132][133]

In a 2011 interview with biographer Walter Isaacson, Jobs revealed at one point he met with U.S.
President Barack Obama, complained of the nation's shortage of software engineers, and told Mr.
Obama that he was "headed for a one-term presidency." Jobs proposed that any foreign student who
got an engineering degree at a U.S. university should automatically be offered a green card. After the
meeting, Jobs commented, "The president is very smart, but he kept explaining to us reasons why
things can't get done.... It infuriates me." [134]
Jobs contributed to a number of political candidates and causes during his life, giving $209,000 to
Democrats, $19,000 to associated special interests and $1,000 to a Republican. [135]

Health issues

Jobs addressing concerns about his health in 2008.

In October 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with cancer,[136] and in mid-2004, he announced to his
employees that he had a cancerous tumor in his pancreas.[137]The prognosis for pancreatic cancer is
usually very poor;[138] Jobs stated that he had a rare, far less aggressive type known as islet
cell neuroendocrine tumor.[137] Despite his diagnosis, Jobs resisted his doctors' recommendations for
mainstream medical intervention for nine months, [103] instead consuming a special alternative
medicine diet in an attempt to thwart the disease. According to Harvard researcher Dr. Ramzi Amir,
his choice of alternative treatment "led to an unnecessarily early death". [136] According to Jobs's
biographer, Walter Isaacson, "for nine months he refused to undergo surgery for his pancreatic
cancer a decision he later regretted as his health declined." [139] "Instead, he tried a vegan diet,
acupuncture, herbal remedies and other treatments he found online, and even consulted a psychic.
He also was influenced by a doctor who ran a clinic that advised juice fasts, bowel cleansings and
other unproven approaches, before finally having surgery in July 2004." [140] He eventually underwent
a pancreaticoduodenectomy (or "Whipple procedure") in July 2004, that appeared to successfully
remove the tumor.[141][142][143] Jobs apparently did not receive chemotherapy or radiation therapy.[137]
[144]
During Jobs's absence,Tim Cook, head of worldwide sales and operations at Apple, ran the
company.[137]
In early August 2006, Jobs delivered the keynote for Apple's annual Worldwide Developers
Conference. His "thin, almost gaunt" appearance and unusually "listless" delivery,[145][146] together with
his choice to delegate significant portions of his keynote to other presenters, inspired a flurry of media
and Internet speculation about his health.[147] In contrast, according to an Ars Technica journal

report, Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) attendees who saw Jobs in person said he
"looked fine".[148] Following the keynote, an Apple spokesperson said that "Steve's health is
robust."[149]
Two years later, similar concerns followed Jobs's 2008 WWDC keynote address. [150] Apple officials
stated Jobs was victim to a "common bug" and was taking antibiotics, [151] while others surmised
hiscachectic appearance was due to the Whipple procedure.[144] During a July conference call
discussing Apple earnings, participants responded to repeated questions about Jobs's health by
insisting that it was a "private matter". Others, however, voiced the opinion that shareholders had a
right to know more, given Jobs's hands-on approach to running his company.[152][153] The New York
Timespublished an article based on an off-the-record phone conversation with Jobs, noting that
"While his health problems amounted to a good deal more than 'a common bug', they weren't lifethreatening and he doesn't have a recurrence of cancer." [154]
On August 28, 2008, Bloomberg mistakenly published a 2500-word obituary of Jobs in its corporate
news service, containing blank spaces for his age and cause of death. (News carriers customarily
stockpile up-to-date obituaries to facilitate news delivery in the event of a well-known figure's death.)
Although the error was promptly rectified, many news carriers and blogs reported on it, [155]intensifying
rumors concerning Jobs's health.[156] Jobs responded at Apple's September 2008 Let's Rock keynote
by quoting Mark Twain: "Reports of my death are greatly exaggerated." [157] At a subsequent media
event, Jobs concluded his presentation with a slide reading "110/70", referring to his blood pressure,
stating he would not address further questions about his health. [158]
On December 16, 2008, Apple announced that marketing vice-president Phil Schiller would deliver
the company's final keynote address at the Macworld Conference and Expo 2009, again reviving
questions about Jobs's health.[159][160] In a statement given on January 5, 2009, on Apple.com,[161] Jobs
said that he had been suffering from a "hormone imbalance" for several months.[162]
On January 14, 2009, in an internal Apple memo, Jobs wrote that in the previous week he had
"learned that my health-related issues are more complex than I originally thought", and announced a
six-month leave of absence until the end of June 2009, to allow him to better focus on his health. Tim
Cook, who previously acted as CEO in Jobs's 2004 absence, became acting CEO of Apple, [163] with
Jobs still involved with "major strategic decisions."[163]
In April 2009, Jobs underwent a liver transplant at Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute
in Memphis, Tennessee.[164][165] Jobs's prognosis was described as "excellent".[164]
On January 17, 2011, a year and a half after Jobs returned from his liver transplant, Apple announced
that he had been granted a medical leave of absence. Jobs announced his leave in a letter to
employees, stating his decision was made "so he could focus on his health". As during his 2009
medical leave, Apple announced that Tim Cook would run day-to-day operations and that Jobs would
continue to be involved in major strategic decisions at the company.[166][167] Despite the leave, he
made appearances at the iPad 2 launch event (March 2), the WWDC keynote
introducing iCloud (June 6), and before the Cupertino city council (June 7). [168]

Jobs announced his resignation as Apple's CEO on August 24, 2011. "Unfortunately, that day has
come," wrote Jobs, for he could "no longer meet [his] duties and expectations as Apple's CEO". Jobs
became chairman of the board and named Tim Cook his successor.[169][170] Jobs had worked for Apple
until the day before his death.[171]

Death

Flags flying at half-staff outside Apple HQ in Cupertino, on the evening of Steve Jobs's death.

Memorial candles and iPads to Steve Jobs outside the Apple Store in Palo Alto California shortly after his death

Jobs died at his California home around 3 p.m. on October 5, 2011, due to complications from
a relapse of his previously treated islet-cell neuroendocrinepancreatic cancer,[2][172][173] resulting
in respiratory arrest. He had lost consciousness the day before, and died with his wife, children and
sister at his side[citation needed].

His death was announced by Apple in a statement which read:

We are deeply saddened to announce that Steve Jobs passed away today.
Steve's brilliance, passion and energy were the source of countless innovations that enrich and
improve all of our lives. The world is immeasurably better because of Steve.
His greatest love was for his wife, Laurene, and his family. Our hearts go out to them and to all who
were touched by his extraordinary gifts.[174]
Jobs is survived by Laurene, his wife of 20 years, their three children, and Lisa Brennan-Jobs, his
daughter from a previous relationship.[175] His family released a statement saying that he "died
peacefully".[176][177]
According to Simpson, Jobs "looked at his sister Patty, then for a long time at his children, then at his
life's partner, Laurene, and then over their shoulders past them". His last words, spoken hours before
his death, were:
"Oh wow. Oh wow. Oh wow."[111]
For two weeks following his death, Apple's corporate Web site displayed a simple page, showing
Jobs's name and lifespan next to his grayscale portrait. [178]Clicking on the image led to an
obituary, which read:
Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being.
Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear
friend and an inspiring mentor. Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and
his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple.[178]
Also dedicating its homepage to Jobs was Pixar, with a photo of Jobs, John Lasseter and Edwin
Catmull, and the eulogy they wrote:[179]
Steve was an extraordinary visionary, our very dear friend, and our guiding light of the Pixar
family. He saw the potential of what Pixar could be before the rest of us, and beyond what
anyone ever imagined. Steve took a chance on us and believed in our crazy dream of making
computer animated films; the one thing he always said was to 'make it great.' He is why Pixar
turned out the way we did and his strength, integrity, and love of life has made us all better
people. He will forever be part of Pixar's DNA. Our hearts go out to his wife Laurene and their
children during this incredibly difficult time.[179]
An email address was also posted for the public to share their memories, condolences, and
thoughts.[180][181] Over a million tributes were sent, which are now displayed on the Steve Jobs
memorial page.

Shortly after his death was announced, ABC, CBS, and NBC interrupted scheduled programming
to broadcast this news.[182] Numerous newspapers around the world carried news of his death on
their front pages the next day. Several notable people, including US President Barack Obama,
[183]
British Prime Minister David Cameron,[184] Microsoft founder Bill Gates,[185] and The Walt
Disney Company's Bob Iger commented on the death of Jobs. Wired Newscollected reactions
and posted them in tribute on their homepage.[186] Other statements of condolence were made by
many of Jobs's friends and colleagues, such as Steve Wozniak and George Lucas.[187][188]
A small private funeral was held on October 7, 2011, of which details were not revealed out of
respect to Jobs's family.[189] Apple announced on the same day that they had no plans for a public
service, but were encouraging "well-wishers" to send their remembrance messages to an email
address created to receive such messages.[190] Sunday, October 16, 2011, was declared "Steve
Jobs Day" by Governor Jerry Brown of California.[191] On that day, an invitation-only memorial
was held at Stanford University. Those in attendance include Apple and other tech company
executives, members of the media, celebrities, close friends of Jobs, and politicians, along with
Jobs's family. Bono, Yo Yo Ma, and Joan Baez performed at the service, which lasted longer than
an hour. The service was highly secured, with guards at all of the university's gates, and a
helicopter flying overhead from an area news station. [192][193]
Both Apple and Microsoft flew their flags at half-staff throughout their respective headquarters
and campuses.[194][195] Bob Iger ordered all Disney properties, including Walt Disney
World andDisneyland, to fly their flags at half-staff, from October 6 to 12, 2011. [196]
A private memorial service for Apple employees was held on October 19, 2011, on the Apple
Campus in Cupertino. Present were Cook, Bill Campbell, Norah Jones, Al Gore, and Coldplay,
and Jobs's widow, Laurene, was in attendance. Some of Apple's retail stores closed briefly so
employees could attend the memorial. A video of the service is available on Apple's website. [197]
Jobs is buried at Alta Mesa Memorial Park, the only non-denominational cemetery in Palo Alto.
[198][199]

Major media published commemorative works. Time published a commemorative issue for Jobs
on October 8, 2011. The issues cover featured a portrait of Jobs, taken by Norman Seeff, in
which he is sitting in the lotus position holding the original Macintosh computer, first published
in Rolling Stone in January 1984. The issue marked the eighth time Jobs has been featured on
the cover of Time.[200]The issue included a photographic essay by Diana Walker,
a retrospective on Apple by Harry McCracken and Lev Grossman, and a six-page essay by
Walter Isaacson. Isaacson's essay served as a preview of his biography, Steve Jobs.[201]
Bloomberg Businessweek also published a commemorative issue. The cover of the magazine
features Apple-style simplicity, with a black-and-white, up-close photo of Jobs and his years of
birth and death. The issue was published without advertisements. It featured extensive essays
by Steve Jurvetson, John Sculley, Sean Wisely, William Gibson, and Walter Isaacson.

Free software pioneer Richard Stallman dissented from the prevailing hagiographic views of Jobs
to draw attention to the tight corporate control Apple exercised over consumer computers and
handheld devices, how Apple restricted news reporters, and persistently violated privacy: "Steve
Jobs, the pioneer of the computer as a jail made cool, designed to sever fools from their
freedom, has died".[202][203] Malcolm Gladwell in The New Yorker asserted that "Jobs's sensibility
was editorial, not inventive. His gift lay in taking what was in front of him ... and ruthlessly refining
it."[204]
Although reporters wrote glowing elegies after Jobs died, Los Angeles Times media critic James
Rainey reported that they "came courtesy of reporters whoafter deadline and off the record
would tell stories about a company obsessed with secrecy to the point of paranoia. They remind
us how Apple shut down a youthful fanboy blogger, punished a publisher that dared to print an
unauthorized Jobs biography and repeatedly ran afoul of the most basic tenets of a free
press."[205]
Apple "has taken stances that, in my opinion, are outright hostile to the practice of journalism,"
said longtime Silicon Valley reporter Dan Gillmor.[205] Under Jobs, Apple sued three "small fry"
bloggers who reported tips about the company and its unreleased products and tried to use the
courts to force them to reveal their sources. Under Jobs, Apple even sued a teenager, Nicholas
Ciarelli, who wrote enthusiastic speculation about Apple products beginning at age 13. His
popular blog, ThinkSecret, was a play on Apple's slogan "Think Different." [205] Rainey wrote that
Apple wanted to kill ThinkSecret as "It thought any leaks, even favorable ones, diluted the punch
of its highly choreographed product launches with Jobs, in his iconic jeans and mock turtleneck
outfit, as the star." [205]

Honors and public recognition

Jobs presenting iPhone OS (now iOS) 2 at WWDC 2008.

After Apple's founding, Jobs became a symbol of his company and industry. When Time named
the computer as the 1982 "Machine of the Year", the magazine published a long profile of Jobs
as "the most famous maestro of the micro".[206][207]

Jobs was awarded the National Medal of Technology by President Ronald Reagan in 1984,
with Steve Wozniak (among the first people to ever receive the honor), [208] and a Jefferson Award
for Public Service in the category "Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under"
(also known as the Samuel S. Beard Award) in 1987.[209] On November 27, 2007, Jobs was
named the most powerful person in business by Fortune magazine.[210] On December 5,
2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Jobs
into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the
Arts.[211]
In August 2009, Jobs was selected as the most admired entrepreneur among teenagers in a
survey by Junior Achievement,[212] having previously been named Entrepreneur of the Decade 20
years earlier in 1989, by Inc. magazine.[213] On November 5, 2009, Jobs was named the CEO of
the decade by Fortunemagazine.[214]
In September 2011, Jobs was ranked No.17 on Forbes: The World's Most Powerful People.[215] In
December 2010, the Financial Times named Jobs its person of the year for 2010, ending its
essay [216] by stating, "In his autobiography, John Sculley, the former PepsiCo executive who
once ran Apple, said this of the ambitions of the man he had pushed out: 'Apple was supposed to
become a wonderful consumer products company. This was a lunatic plan. High-tech could not
be designed and sold as a consumer product.'".[217] The Financial Times closed by rhetorically
asking of this quote, "How wrong can you be." [216]
At the time of his resignation, and again after his death, Jobs was widely described as a
visionary, pioneer and genius[218][219][220][221]perhaps one of the foremostin the field of business,
[214][222]
innovation,[223] and product design,[224] and a man who had profoundly changed the face of
the modern world,[218][220][223] revolutionized at least six different industries,[219] and who was an
"exemplar for all chief executives".[219] His death was widely mourned[225] and considered a loss to
the world by commentators across the globe.[221]
After his resignation as Apple's CEO, Jobs was characterized as the Thomas Edison and Henry
Ford of his time.[226][227] In his The Daily Show eulogy, Jon Stewart said that unlike others of Jobs's
ilk, such as Thomas Edison or Henry Ford, Jobs died young. He felt that we had, in a sense,
"wrung everything out of" these other men, but his feeling on Jobs was that "we're not done with
you yet."[228]

Steve Jobs statue at Science Park, Budapest

At Budapest, on December 21, 2011 Graphisoft company was presenting the world's first bronze
statue of Steve Jobs, calling him one of the greatest personalities of the modern age. [229]
In February 2012, Jobs will be receiving the Grammy Trustees Award, an award for those who
have influenced the music industry in areas unrelated to performance. [230]

Portrayals and coverage in books, film, and theater

Books

The Little Kingdom (1984) by Michael Moritz, documenting the founding of (then) Apple
Computer.

The Second Coming of Steve Jobs (2001), by Alan Deutschman

iCon: Steve Jobs (2005), by Jeffrey S. Young & William L. Simon

Steve Jobs (2011), an authorized biography written by Walter Isaacson.

Inside Apple (2012), a book by Adam Lashinsky that reveals the secret systems, tactics, and
leadership strategies that allowed Steve Jobs and his company to work.

Documentaries

The Machine That Changed the World Part 3 of this 1992 five-part documentary,
called The Paperback Computer, prominently featured Jobs and his role in the early days of
Apple.

Triumph of the Nerds a 1996 three-part documentary for PBS, about the rise of the home
computer/personal computer.

Nerds 2.0.1 a 1998 three-part documentary for PBS, (and sequel to Triumph of the Nerds)
which chronicles the development of the Internet.

iGenius: How Steve Jobs Changed the World a 2011 Discovery Channel documentary
hosted by Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman.[231]

Steve Jobs: One Last Thing a 2011 PBS documentary produced by Pioneer Productions.
[232]

A slightly shortened and localized[233] version of the show was broadcast[234] in the United
Kingdomthe following day titled, Steve Jobs: iChanged the World on Channel 4.[235]

Films

Pirates of Silicon Valley a 1999 TNT film which chronicles the rise of Apple
and Microsoft from the early 1970s to 1997. Jobs is portrayed by Noah Wyle.[236]

Theater

The Agony and Ecstasy of Steve Jobs - The Public Theater, New York City, 2012,
starring Mike Daisey.[237]

Hikayat Seri Kelantan

Sumber: Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (KPM)
SINOPSIS
Prosa tradisional ini mengisahkan negeri Kelantan Purba yang juga dikenali
dengan nama Tanah Serendah Kebun Bunga Cerangtegayung di bawah pemerintahan
seorang raja perempuan bernama Encik Siti Wan Kembang. Encik Siti tidak bersuami dan
tidak mempunyai anak. Apabila mengetahui bahawa anak raja Jembal mempunyai anak
perempuan yang terlalu cantik bernama Tuan Puteri Sadung, Encik Siti telah menjadikan
Tuan Puteri Sadung sebagai anak angkat. Semakin lama dipelihara, semakin cantik rupa
Tuan Puteri Sadung sehingga banyak orang yang tergila-gila akannya. Apabila Tuan Puteri
Sadung dewasa, Encik Siti telah mengahwinkan Tuan Puteri Sadung dengan anak raja
Jembal bernama Raja Abdullah bertujuan mencari pewaris tahta. Setelah berkahwin, Raja
Abdullah bergelar Sultan Abdullah dan memerintah negeri Tanah Serendah Kebun Bunga
Cerangtegayung. Encik Siti menitahkan Sultan Abdullah mendirikan Kota Jelasin dan Sultan
Abdullah memerintah di situ manakala Encik Siti berpindah ke Gunung Ayam dan menjadi
raja di situ.
Raja Siam di benua Siam yang besar kerajaannya, telah mendengar berita Tuan
Puteri Sadung berkahwin dengan Sultan Abdullah, lalu memerintahkan segala raja dan
menteri hulubalang di bawah takluk baginda supaya menyerang negeri Tanah Serendah
Kebun Bunga Cerangtegayung kerana baginda terlalu ingin memiliki Tuan Puteri Sadung.
Raja Siam juga menitahkan ahli nujum bernama Tuk Ca untuk turut belayar ke negeri
tersebut, utusan raja Siam telah menghadap Sultan Abdullah dan menyampaikan hasrat
Raja Siam untuk memiliki Tuan Puteri Sadung. Hal ini telah menyebabkan Sultan Abdullah
marah lalu menghalau keluar utusan Raja Siam. Ekoran daripada itu, pasukan tentera Siam
telah menyerang Kota Jelasin. Namun, tentera Siam telah tewas kerana kesaktian yang
dimiliki oleh Tuan Puteri Sadung.
Dengan takdir Tuhan, negeri Serendah Kebun Bunga Cerangtegayung ditimpa bala
kebuluran. Akibatnya, Kota Jelasin telah dikepung oleh tentera Siam kerana rakyatnya

melarikan diri. Pada ketika itu, Tuan Puteri Sadung berseru sekiranya dia berasal daripada
keturunan orang tuha-tuha yang berdarah putih dan bertulang tunggal, akan terangkatlah
kota dan istana mahligainya sehingga jatuh di dalam hutan. Setelah itu, seluruh kota dan
istana ghaib lalu jatuh ke dalam Cerang Bahana. Tuan Puteri Sadung dan rakyatnya
membuat negeri di dalam hutan itu yang diberi nama Mahligai. Apabila Kota Jelasin ghaib,
raja dan pegawai Siam menaiki perahu untuk berjumpa dengan ahli nujum Tuk Ca. Tuk Ca
dengan ilmu nujumnya dapat mengesan pergerakan Tuan Puteri Sadung dan melihat
mahligai Tuan Puteri Sadung dan Sultan Abdullah berada di dalam cerang. Kemudian, Tuk
Ca memerintahkan mereka terus mengikuti Tuan Puteri Sadung menuju ke arah selatan.
Rombongan Raja Siam tiba di cerang besar lalu mengepung mahligai Tuan Puteri
Sadung. Tuan Puteri Sadung tidak dapat melepaskan diri dan semua rakyat telah berpecahbelah, maka baginda mencadangkan agar Sultan Abdullah bertanya kepada Tuk Ca hajat
sebenar raja Siam menyerang Kota Jelasin. Tuk Ca memberitahu bahawa Raja Siam
sebenarnya tidak berniat untuk menakluk negeri baginda tetapi mahu memiliki Tuan Puteri
Sadung. Akhirnya, Sultan Abdullah menitahkan isteri kesayangan baginda supaya menurut
kehendak Raja Siam kerana mereka tidak mampu menentang Raja Siam dan bimbang negeri
mereka akan musnah. Tuan Puteri Sadung yang berasa serba salah kerana ingin menjaga
maruahnya serta takut dimurkai Sultan Abdullah akhirnya bersetuju dengan kehendak
suaminya lalu mengikut Tuk Ca ke Siam. Sultan Abdullah akhirnya kembali ke mahligai
baginda manakala Tuk Ca mengarahkan segala raja, menteri, hulubalang dan rakyat Siam
kembali ke bahtera untuk belayar pulang ke benua Siam.
TEMA
Tema prosa tradisional
kelebihan luar biasa.

ini

adalah

keistimewaan

seorang

puteri

yang

mempunyai

Tuan Puteri Sadung mempunyai kelebihan, iaitu rupa paras yang terlalu cantik sehingga
Raja Siam ingin memilikinya walaupun sudah berkahwin dengan Sultan Abdullah. Tuan Puteri
Sadung juga mempunyai ilmu kesaktian, iaitu boleh menjadikan seluruh Kota Jelasin dan
mahligainya ghaib lalu terjatuh ke dalam hutan.
PEMIKIRAN
i.

Merampas hak orang.

Contohnya: Raja Siam sanggup merampas Tuan Puteri Sadung
walaupun Tuan Puteri Sadung sudah berkahwin dengan Sultan Abdullah.

ii.

Kasih sayang antara suami dengan isteri.

Contoh:Sultan Abdullah dan Tuan Puteri Sadung berasa sangat sedih ketika
mereka hendak berpisah.

iii.

Kepentingan perpaduan dalam mempertahankan negara.

Contoh: Akibat tiada perpaduan Kota Jelasin telah dikepung oleh tentera Siam
kerana rakyatnya berpecah-belah setelah dilanda bala kebuluran.

iv.

Semangat bermuafakat dalam melaksanakan sesuatu pekerjaan.

Contoh: Utusan Siam bermuafakat

menyerang Kota Jelasin.
v.

dalam

merancang

strategi

bagi

Taat setia rakyat kepada raja.

Contoh: Rakyat Siam patuh pada perintah rajanya supaya menyerang negeri
Tanah Serendah Kebun Bunga Cerangtegayung kerana terlalu ingin memiliki
Tuan Puteri Sadung yang merupakan isteri Sultan Abdullah.

vi.

Kepentingan diplomasi dalam menyelesaikan persengketaan.

Contoh: Sultan Abdullah sanggup mengadakan rundingan secara damai
dengan Tuk Ca demi menyelamatkan negeri baginda daripada dimusnahkan
oleh tentera Siam.

WATAK DAN PERWATAKAN

Watak Utama
1.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Tuan Puteri Sadung

Anak perempuan raja Jembal.
Dijadikan anak angkat oleh Encik Siti Wan Kembang.

Dikatakan berasal daripada keturunan orang tuha-tuha yang berdarah

putih dan bertulang tunggal.
Mempunyai rupa paras yang sangat cantik.
Contoh: Kecantikannya banyak menyebabkan orang
sehingga Raja Siam terlalu ingin memilikinya.

v.

tergila-gilakannya

Memiliki kesaktian yang luar biasa.

Contoh: Dapat menjadikan seluruh Kota Jelasin dan mahligainya ghaib lalu
jatuh ke dalam hutan ketika hendak menyelamatkan diri daripada pasukan
tentera Siam.

vi.

Sangat sayang akan suaminya.

Contoh: Tuan puteri Sadung berasa sangat sedih serta serba salah ketika
hendak berpisah dengan Sultan Abdullah kerana sangat sayang akan baginda.

vii.

Sanggup berkorban.
Contoh: Tuan Puteri Sadung sanggup mengikut Tuk Ca dan menjadi milik Raja
Siam demi menyelamatkan negerinya daripada dimusnahkan oleh tentera
Siam.

viii.

Taat setia akan suaminya.

Contoh: Tuan Puteri tidak membantah cadangan Sultan Abdullah untuk
menjadi milik Raja Siam kerana taat akan suaminya itu.

ix.

Bijaksana.
Contoh: Tuan Puteri Sadung mencadangkan Sultan Abdullah supaya
berjumpa dengan Tuk Ca untuk bertanya tentang hajat sebenar raja Siam
menyerang Kota Jelasin.

x.

Memelihara kehormatan diri.

Contoh: Tuan Puteri Sadung tidak sanggup menjadi milik Raja Siam kerana
mahu menjaga maruah dan kehormatannya sebagai seorang isteri.

Watak Sampingan
Sultan Abdullah
i.

Anak raja Jembal.

ii.

Nama asal Raja Abdullah.

iii.

Berkahwin dengan Tuan Puteri Sadung.

iv.

Menjadi pemerintah negeri Tanah Serendah Kebun Bunga Cerangtegayung.

Contoh: Membina Kota Jelasin atas arahan ibu mentuanya, Encik Siti Wan
Kembang.

v.

Berpendirian tegas.
Contoh: Sultan Abdullah berasa marah apabila mengetahui Raja Siam ingin
memiliki isterinya lalu terus menghalau keluar utusan Siam.

vi.

Sangat sayang akan isterinya.

Contoh: Sultan Abdullah berasa sangat sedih apabila terpaksa berpisah
dengan isterinya.

vii.

Berani.
Contoh: Sultan Abdullah berani bersemuka dengan tentera Siam yang mahu
menyerang Kota Jelasin untuk mengetahui sebab mereka mahu menyerang
kota itu.

viii.

Sanggup berkorban.
Contoh: Sultan Abdullah sanggup menyerahkan isterinya untuk menjadi milik
Raja Siam demi menyelamatkan negerinya.

ix.

Bijak dalam mengambil tindakan.

Contoh: Sultan Abdullah sanggup berunding dengan Tuk Ca setelah
mahligainya dikepung oleh tentera Siam untuk mengelakkan Kota
Jelasin musnah.
Tuk Ca

i.
ii.

Ahli nujum kepada Raja Siam.

Taat setia kepada raja.
Contoh: Tuk Ca turut belayar bersama-sama dengan raja, menteri dan
pegawai Siam setelah diperintahkan oleh Raja Siam.

iii.

Memiliki kesaktian.
Contoh: Tuk Ca dapat mengetahui tempat persembunyian Tuan Puteri
Sadung dan Sultan Abdullah berdasarkan ilmu nujum yang dimilikinya.

iv.

Bijak dalam mengatur strategi.

Contoh: Tuk Ca mencadangkan pasukan Siam bersiap sedia menuju ke arah
selatan agar Tuan Puteri Sadung dapat ditangkap.

v.

Tenang dalam menyelesaikan masalah.

Contoh: Tuk Ca meminta raja-raja, pegawai dan hulubalang Siam bertenang
setelah Tuan Puteri Sadung, Sultan Abdullah, dan mahligai ghaib.

vi.

Bertolak ansur.
Contoh: Tuk Ca berunding secara damai dengan Sultan Abdullah untuk
mendapatkan Tuan Puteri Sadung yang ingin dimiliki oleh Raja Siam.
Encik Siti Wan Kembang

i.

Raja Perempuan. Memerintah kerajaan Tanah Serendah Kebun Bunga

Cerangtegayung.

ii.

Belum berkahwin dan mempunyai anak. Mengambil Tuan Puteri Sadung

sebagai anak angkat.

iii.

Sangat sayang akan anak angkatnya.

Contoh: Encik Siti terlalu mengasihi anak angkatnya
membenarkan orang lain mendekati Tuan Puteri Sadung.

iv.

sehingga

tidak

Bijaksana.
Contoh: Encik Siti Wan Kembang mengahwinkan Tuan Puteri Sadung dengan
Raja Abdullah, kerana ingin mencari pewaris kepada kerajaannya.

v.

Bertolak ansur.
Contoh: Encik Siti Wan Kembang berpindah ke Gunung Ayam dan menjadi
raja di situ setelah menantunya, Sultan Abdullah menjadi raja di Kota Jelasin.

LATAR
Latar Masa
i.

Zaman pemerintahan kerajaan Kelantan Purba.

ii.

40 hari 40 malam.
Contoh: Persediaan untuk majlis perkahwinan Tuan Puteri Sadung dengan
Sultan Abdullah diadakan selama 40 hari 40 malam.

iii.

Waktu malam.
Contoh: Utusan Siam bermuafakat dengan orang Siam mahu menyerang kota
Jelasin kerana Sultan Abdullah tidak mahu menyerahkan Tuan Puteri Sadung.

iv.

Waktu siang.
Contoh: Raja dan pegawai sebelah Raja Siam menyedari bahawa Istana
KotaJelasin telah ghaib.
Latar Tempat

i.

Negeri Kelantan Purba yang dikenali sebagai negeri Tanah Serendah Kebun
Bunga Cerangtegayung.
Contoh: Negeri Kelantan Purba diperintah oleh Encik Siti Wan Kembang yang
kemudiannya diwariskan kepada Sultan Abdullah dan Tuan Puteri Sadung.

ii.

Kota Jelasin.
Contoh: Kota ini dibina oleh Sultan Abdullah atas perintah Encik Siti.

iii.

Cerang Bahana.
Contoh: Tempat dipindahkan Tuan Puteri Sadung, Sultan Abdullah, Kota dan
istana baginda, dari Kota Jelasin ke Cerang Bahana setelah ghaib akibat doa
Tuan Puteri Sadung.

iv.

Gunung Ayam.
Contoh: Tempat tinggal Encik Siti Wan Kembang setelah Sultan Abdullah
menjadi raja di Kota Jelasin.

v.

Istana/mahligai.
Contoh: Tempat bersemayam Sultan Abdullah yang dikepung oleh pasukan
tentera Siam.

vi.

Perahu jong.
Contoh: Sultan Abdullah dengan Tuk Ca mengadakan rundingan dalam
perahu jong untuk mengetahui punca sebenar Raja Siam menyerang Kota
Jelasin.
Latar Masyarakat

i.

Masyarakat feudal.
Contoh: Rakyat Kelantan mengamalkan sistem pemerintahan beraja.

ii.

Masyarakat penyayang.
Contoh: Sultan Abdullah dan Tuan Puteri Sadung saling menyayangi dan
berasa sangat sedih apabila mereka terpaksa berpisah.

iii.

Masyarakat yang taat setia kepada pemerintah.

Contoh: Tuk Ca serta pasukan Siam yang terdiri daripada raja-raja, menteri
dan hulubalang sanggup belayar ke negeri Tanah Serendah Kebun Bunga
Cerangtegayung kerana menunaikan hasrat Raja Siam yang ingin memiliki
Tuan Puteri Sadung.

iv.

Masyarakat yang sanggup berkorban untuk mempertahankan negara.

Contoh: Sultan Abdullah dan rakyat negeri Tanah Serendah Kebun Bunga
Cerangtegayung berperang menentang tentera Siam yang menyerang Kota
Jelasin.

v.

Masyarakat yang bijak dalam mengambil tindakan.

Contoh: Tuk Ca meminta pasukan Siam bertenang apabila Kota Jelasin ghaib
lalu mencadangkan mereka bersiap sedia menuju ke arah selatan agar Tuan
Puteri Sadung dapat ditangkap.

vi.

Masyarakat yang memiliki kesaktian yang luar biasa.

Contoh: Tuan Puteri Sadung dapat menjadikan seluruh Kota Jelasin dan
mahligainya ghaib lalu berada di dalam hutan.

vii. Masyarakat yang tidak bersatu padu.

Contoh: Rakyat negeri Tanah Serendah Kebun Bunga Cerangtegayung

berpecah-belah apabila ditimpa bala kebuluran sehingga menyebabkan Kota
Jelasin dikepung oleh tentera Siam.
viii. Masyarakat yang bertolak ansur dalam menyelesaikan persengketaan.
Contoh: Sultan Abdullah sanggup berunding secara damai dengan Tuk Ca
demi menyelamatkan kota Jelasin daripada musnah.
GAYA BAHASA
i. Bahasa Istana
Contoh: sultan, baginda, titah, murka, ayahanda, bonda
ii. Bahasa Melayu Klasik
Contoh: jemelah, suak, cerang, cetera
iii. Bahasa Arab
Contoh: mustaib, Allah subhanahu wa taala
iv. Dialek Kelantan
Contoh: beroyat
v. Kata Pangkal Ayat
Contoh: maka, alkisah, hatta, sebermula
NILAI
i. Nilai kasih sayang
Contoh: Sultan Abdullah dan Tuan Puteri Sadung saling menyayangi dan
berasa sangat sedih apabila baginda berdua terpaksa berpisah.
ii. Nilai taat setia
Contoh: Tuk Ca dan pasukan Siam menurut perintah Raja Siam untuk
menyerang negeri Tanah Serendah Kebun Bunga Cerangtegayung kerana
baginda ingin memiliki Tuan Puteri Sadung.
iii. Nilai bertolak ansur
Contoh: Sultan Abdullah berunding secara damai dengan Tuk Ca demi
menyelamatkan negeri baginda daripada musnah.
iv. Nilai berani
Contoh: Sultan Abdullah berani berperang dengan tentera Siam yang
menyerang Kota Jelasin.
v. Nilai cinta akan tanah air

Contoh: Sultan Abdullah sanggup berpisah dengan Tuan Puteri Sadung demi
menyelamatkan tanah air baginda daripada serangan tentera Siam.
vi. Nilai bermuafakat
Contoh: Sultan Abdullah bermuafakat
baginda dalam membina Kota Jelasin.

bersama-sama

dengan

pegawai

PENGAJARAN
i. Kita hendaklah taat setia kepada raja.
Contoh: Tuk Ca dan pasukan Siam menurut perintah Raja Siam untuk
menyerang negeri Tanah Serendah Kebun Bunga Cerangtegayung kerana
baginda ingin memiliki Tuan Puteri Sadung
ii. Kita hendaklah sanggup berkorban demi mempertahankan negara.
Contoh: Sultan Abdullah dan Tuan Puteri Sadung sanggup berpisah agar
negeri mereka
tidak musnah oleh serangan tentera Siam.
iii. Kita hendaklah bijak bertindak dalam menyelesaikan sesuatu masalah.
Contoh: Tuan Puteri Sadung mencadangkan Sultan Abdullah supaya
berjumpa dengan Tuk Ca untuk mengetahui hajat Raja Siam setelah Kota
Jelasin diserang oleh tentera Siam.
iv. Kita hendaklah bersatu padu untuk menjaga kedaulatan negara.
Contoh: Akibat rakyat berpecah-belah apabila ditimpa bala kebuluran, Kota
Jelasin telah dikepung oleh tentera Siam.
v. Janganlah kita merampas hak orang lain.
Contoh: Raja Siam sanggup menyerang negeri Tanah Serendah Kebun Bunga
Cerangtegayung kerana ingin memiliki Tuan Puteri Sadung yang sudah
berkahwin dengan Sultan Abdullah.
vi. Kita hendaklah bermuafakat dalam melaksanakan sesuatu pekerjaan.
Contoh: Tuan Puteri Sadung bermuafakat dengan segala hamba suruhannya
untuk membina sebuah negeri di dalam hutan yang diberi nama Mahligai.
vii. Kita hendaklah berunding secara damai untuk menyelesaikan sebarang
persengketaan.
Contoh: Sultan Abdullah berunding secara damai dengan Tuk Ca demi
menyelamatkan negerinya.