Surface Integrals

Math 55 - Elementray Analysis III

Institute of Mathematics
University of the Philippines
Diliman

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Surface Integrals

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Surface Integrals

In the same way that a line integral is related to the arclength,

surface integrals are related to surface area in a way that if
f (x, y, z) = 1, the value of the surface integral of f (x, y, z) over
a surface S is equal to the surface area of S.

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Parametric Surfaces
Suppose f (x, y, z) is a function whose domain includes a surface
~
S given by R(u,
v) = hx(u, v), y(u, v), z(u, v)i.

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Parametric Surfaces
Suppose f (x, y, z) is a function whose domain includes a surface
~
S given by R(u,
v) = hx(u, v), y(u, v), z(u, v)i.
~
Subdivide the parameter domain D of R(u,
v) into
subrectangles Rij with dimensions u and v. This divides S
into corresponding patches Sij .

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Parametric Surfaces
Suppose f (x, y, z) is a function whose domain includes a surface
~
S given by R(u,
v) = hx(u, v), y(u, v), z(u, v)i.
~
Subdivide the parameter domain D of R(u,
v) into
subrectangles Rij with dimensions u and v. This divides S
into corresponding patches Sij .
Let Pij be a point in each patch and Sij be the area of each
patch.

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Parametric Surfaces
We define the surface integral of f over the surface S as
m X
n
X

ZZ
f (x, y, z) dS =

lim

m,n

Math 55

f (Pij )Sij .

i=1 j=1

Surface Integrals

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Parametric Surfaces
We define the surface integral of f over the surface S as
m X
n
X

ZZ
f (x, y, z) dS =

lim

m,n

f (Pij )Sij .

i=1 j=1

~u R
~
We use
SDij kR
D the approximation
E
E v kuv where
~ u = x , y , z and R
~ v = x , y , z
R
u u u
v v v

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Surface Integrals

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Parametric Surfaces
We define the surface integral of f over the surface S as
m X
n
X

ZZ
f (x, y, z) dS =

lim

m,n

f (Pij )Sij .

i=1 j=1

~u R
~
We use
SDij kR
D the approximation
E
E v kuv where
~ u = x , y , z and R
~ v = x , y , z
R
u u u
v v v
~ u and R
~ v are non-parallel and non-zero whose components
If R
are continuous on D, then
ZZ
ZZ
~
~u R
~ v kdA
f (x, y, z) dS =
f (R(u,
v))kR
S

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Parametric Surfaces
Example
ZZ
Evaluate the surface integral

x2 dS where S is the sphere

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.

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Parametric Surfaces
Example
ZZ
Evaluate the surface integral

x2 dS where S is the sphere

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
~
Solution. We use R(,
) = hsin cos , sin sin , cos i to
parametrize the sphere. Hence,
ZZ
ZZ
~ R
~ kdA
x2 dS =
sin2 cos2 kR
S

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Parametric Surfaces
Example
ZZ
Evaluate the surface integral

x2 dS where S is the sphere

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
~
Solution. We use R(,
) = hsin cos , sin sin , cos i to
parametrize the sphere. Hence,
ZZ
ZZ
~ R
~ kdA
x2 dS =
sin2 cos2 kR
S

=
0

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sin2 cos2 sin d d

Surface Integrals

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Parametric Surfaces
Example
ZZ
Evaluate the surface integral

x2 dS where S is the sphere

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
~
Solution. We use R(,
) = hsin cos , sin sin , cos i to
parametrize the sphere. Hence,
ZZ
ZZ
~ R
~ kdA
x2 dS =
sin2 cos2 kR
S

=
0

Z
=

sin2 cos2 sin d d

0
2

cos2 d

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sin3 d

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Parametric Surfaces
Example
ZZ
Evaluate the surface integral

x2 dS where S is the sphere

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
~
Solution. We use R(,
) = hsin cos , sin sin , cos i to
parametrize the sphere. Hence,
ZZ
ZZ
~ R
~ kdA
x2 dS =
sin2 cos2 kR
S

=
0

sin2 cos2 sin d d

0
2

cos2 d

sin3 d

4
3
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Graphs
Suppose the surface S has equation z = g(x, y).

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Graphs
Suppose the surface S has equation z = g(x, y). This can be
regarded as a parametric surface given by
~
R(x,
y) = hx, y, g(x, y)i

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Graphs
Suppose the surface S has equation z = g(x, y). This can be
regarded as a parametric surface given by
~
R(x,
y) = hx, y, g(x, y)i
D
E
D
E
~ x = 1, 0, g and R
~ y = 0, 1, g .
and so we have R
x
y

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Graphs
Suppose the surface S has equation z = g(x, y). This can be
regarded as a parametric surface given by
~
R(x,
y) = hx, y, g(x, y)i
D
E
D
E
~ x = 1, 0, g and R
~ y = 0, 1, g .
and so we have R
x
y
D
E
~x R
~ y = g , g , 1
Thus R
x
y

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Graphs
Suppose the surface S has equation z = g(x, y). This can be
regarded as a parametric surface given by
~
R(x,
y) = hx, y, g(x, y)i
D
E
D
E
~ x = 1, 0, g and R
~ y = 0, 1, g .
and so we have R
x
y
D
E
~x R
~ y = g , g , 1 and therefore,
Thus R
x
y
ZZ
f (x, y, z) dS =
S

s

ZZ
f (x, y, g(x, y))

g
x

2


+

g
y

2

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+ 1 dA

Graphs
Suppose the surface S has equation z = g(x, y). This can be
regarded as a parametric surface given by
~
R(x,
y) = hx, y, g(x, y)i
D
E
D
E
~ x = 1, 0, g and R
~ y = 0, 1, g .
and so we have R
x
y
D
E
~x R
~ y = g , g , 1 and therefore,
Thus R
x
y
ZZ
f (x, y, z) dS =
S

s

ZZ
f (x, y, g(x, y))

g
x

2


+

g
y

2
+ 1 dA

Similar formulas can be derived when the equation of the suface

is in the form x = g(y, z) or y = g(x, z).
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Graphs
Example
ZZ
Evaluate

yz dS where S is the part of the plane

S

2x + y + z = 2 that lies in the first octant.

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Graphs
Example
ZZ
Evaluate

yz dS where S is the part of the plane

S

2x + y + z = 2 that lies in the first octant.

Solution. The projection of the surface onto the xy-plane is the
region
D = {(x, y) : 0 y 2 2x, 0 x 1} .

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Graphs
Example
ZZ
Evaluate

yz dS where S is the part of the plane

S

2x + y + z = 2 that lies in the first octant.

Solution. The projection of the surface onto the xy-plane is the
region
D = {(x, y) : 0 y 2 2x, 0 x 1} .
Therefore,
ZZ

ZZ
yz dS

p
y(2 2x y) (2)2 + (1)2 + 1 dA

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Graphs
Example
ZZ
Evaluate

yz dS where S is the part of the plane

S

2x + y + z = 2 that lies in the first octant.

Solution. The projection of the surface onto the xy-plane is the
region
D = {(x, y) : 0 y 2 2x, 0 x 1} .
Therefore,
ZZ

ZZ
yz dS

p
y(2 2x y) (2)2 + (1)2 + 1 dA

Z
6
0

22x

2y 2xy y 2 dydx

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Graphs
Example
ZZ
Evaluate

yz dS where S is the part of the plane

S

2x + y + z = 2 that lies in the first octant.

Solution. The projection of the surface onto the xy-plane is the
region
D = {(x, y) : 0 y 2 2x, 0 x 1} .
Therefore,
ZZ

ZZ
yz dS

p
y(2 2x y) (2)2 + (1)2 + 1 dA

=
=

Z 1 Z 22x
6
2y 2xy y 2 dydx
0 0
6
3
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Examples
ZZ
1

Evaluate the surface integral

yz dS where S is the surface

S

with parametric equations x = u2 , y = u sin v, z = u cos v,

0 u 1 and 0 v 2 .

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Examples
ZZ
1

Evaluate the surface integral

yz dS where S is the surface

with parametric equations x = u2 , y = u sin v, z = u cos v,

0 u 1 and 0 v 2 .
ZZ
Evaluate the surface integral
x2 z 2 dS where S is the part of

the cone z 2 = x2 + y 2 that lies between the planes z = 1 and

z = 3.

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Surface Integrals

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Examples
ZZ
1

Evaluate the surface integral

yz dS where S is the surface

with parametric equations x = u2 , y = u sin v, z = u cos v,

0 u 1 and 0 v 2 .
ZZ
Evaluate the surface integral
x2 z 2 dS where S is the part of

the cone z 2 = x2 + y 2 that lies between the planes z = 1 and

z = 3.
ZZ
Evaluate
z dS where S is the surface whose sides S1 are
S

given by the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1, whose bottom S2 is the disk

x2 + y 2 1 in the xy-plane, and whose top S3 is the part of the
plane z = 1 + x that lies above S2 .

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Examples
ZZ
1

Evaluate the surface integral

yz dS where S is the surface

with parametric equations x = u2 , y = u sin v, z = u cos v,

0 u 1 and 0 v 2 .
ZZ
Evaluate the surface integral
x2 z 2 dS where S is the part of

the cone z 2 = x2 + y 2 that lies between the planes z = 1 and

z = 3.
ZZ
Evaluate
z dS where S is the surface whose sides S1 are
S

given by the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1, whose bottom S2 is the disk

x2 + y 2 1 in the xy-plane, and whose top S3 is the part of the
plane z = 1 + x that lies above S2 .
ZZ
Evaluate
z dS where S is the surface x = y + 2z 2 ,
S

0 y, z 1.
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Oriented Surfaces
A Mobius strip only has one side and is not orientable.

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Oriented Surfaces
A Mobius strip only has one side and is not orientable.

For an orientable surface, there are two possible orientation:

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Oriented Surfaces
1

~
If a surface S is given by the vector function R(u,
v), then
S is automatically supplied with the orientation of the unit
~
~
~ = Ru Rv .
normal vector N
~u R
~ vk
kR

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Oriented Surfaces
1

~
If a surface S is given by the vector function R(u,
v), then
S is automatically supplied with the orientation of the unit
~
~
~ = Ru Rv .
normal vector N
~u R
~ vk
kR
If a surface S is given by the equation z = g(x, y), then S
has a natural (upward) orientation given by the unit
~ = p hgx , gy , 1i .
normal vector N
1 + (gx )2 + (gy )2

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Oriented Surfaces
1

~
If a surface S is given by the vector function R(u,
v), then
S is automatically supplied with the orientation of the unit
~
~
~ = Ru Rv .
normal vector N
~u R
~ vk
kR
If a surface S is given by the equation z = g(x, y), then S
has a natural (upward) orientation given by the unit
~ = p hgx , gy , 1i .
normal vector N
1 + (gx )2 + (gy )2
If S a closed surface (the boundary of a region E), the
positive orientation is the one for which the normal vectors
point outward from E

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Surface Integrals of Vector Fields

~ and
Suppose S is an orientable surface with normal vector N
fluid flows through S with density (x, y, z) and velocity
~v (x, y, z). The flux or rate of flow (mass per unit time) per unit
area is ~v

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Surface Integrals of Vector Fields

~ and
Suppose S is an orientable surface with normal vector N
fluid flows through S with density (x, y, z) and velocity
~v (x, y, z). The flux or rate of flow (mass per unit time) per unit
area is ~v
If we divide S into smaller patches Sij (as before) then we can
~ as
approximate the flux along Sij in the direction of N
~ )A(Sij ).
(~v N

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Surface Integrals of Vector Fields

~ and
Suppose S is an orientable surface with normal vector N
fluid flows through S with density (x, y, z) and velocity
~v (x, y, z). The flux or rate of flow (mass per unit time) per unit
area is ~v
If we divide S into smaller patches Sij (as before) then we can
~ as
approximate the flux along Sij in the direction of N
~ )A(Sij ).
(~v N
By increasing the number of subdivisions we get the surface
~ over S, i.e.
integral of the function ~v N
ZZ
~ dS
~v N
S

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Surface Integrals of Vector Fields

~
By
Z Zletting F = ~v , the previous integral can be written as
~ dS and thus the following definition.
F~ N
S

Definition
If F~ is a continuous vector field defined on an oriented surface S
~ , then the surface integral of F~
with unit normal vector N
over S is
ZZ
ZZ
~
~
~ dS.
F dS =
F~ N
S

This integral is also called the flux of F~ across S.

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Surface Integrals of Vector Fields

~
~
~
~ = Ru Rv .
If the surface S is given by R(u,
v), then N
~u R
~ vk
kR

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Surface Integrals of Vector Fields

~
~
~
~ = Ru Rv .
If the surface S is given by R(u,
v), then N
~u R
~ vk
kR
Therefore,
ZZ
S

~
F~ dS

ZZ
=
S

~u R
~v
R
F~
dS
~u R
~ vk
kR

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Surface Integrals of Vector Fields

~
~
~
~ = Ru Rv .
If the surface S is given by R(u,
v), then N
~u R
~ vk
kR
Therefore,
ZZ

~
F~ dS

~u R
~v
R
F~
dS
~u R
~ vk
kR
S
!
ZZ
~u R
~v
R
~
~u R
~ v k dA
F
kR
~u R
~ vk
kR
ZZ

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Surface Integrals of Vector Fields

~
~
~
~ = Ru Rv .
If the surface S is given by R(u,
v), then N
~u R
~ vk
kR
Therefore,
ZZ

~
F~ dS

~u R
~v
R
F~
dS
~u R
~ vk
kR
S
!
ZZ
~u R
~v
R
~
~u R
~ v k dA
F
kR
~u R
~ vk
kR
ZDZ
~
~u R
~ v ) dA
F~ (R(u,
v)) (R
ZZ

=
=

where D is the parameter domain.

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Surface Integrals of Vector Fields

Let F~ (x, y, z) = hP (x, y, z), Q(x, y, z), R(x, y, z)i. If S has the
equation z = g(x, y), we regard x and y as parameters.

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Surface Integrals of Vector Fields

Let F~ (x, y, z) = hP (x, y, z), Q(x, y, z), R(x, y, z)i. If S has the
equation z = g(x, y), we regard x and y as parameters.
Therefore,
ZZ
S

~
F~ dS

ZZ
=

~
~u R
~ v ) dA
F~ (R(u,
v)) (R

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Surface Integrals of Vector Fields

Let F~ (x, y, z) = hP (x, y, z), Q(x, y, z), R(x, y, z)i. If S has the
equation z = g(x, y), we regard x and y as parameters.
Therefore,
ZZ

~
F~ dS

ZZ
=

~
~u R
~ v ) dA
F~ (R(u,
v)) (R

ZZ
=



g
g
hP, Q, Ri , , 1 dA
x y

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Surface Integrals of Vector Fields

Let F~ (x, y, z) = hP (x, y, z), Q(x, y, z), R(x, y, z)i. If S has the
equation z = g(x, y), we regard x and y as parameters.
Therefore,
ZZ

~
F~ dS

ZZ
=

~
~u R
~ v ) dA
F~ (R(u,
v)) (R



g
g
hP, Q, Ri , , 1 dA
x y
D

ZZ 
g
g
P
Q
+ R dA
x
y
ZZ

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Surface Integrals of Vector Fields

Let F~ (x, y, z) = hP (x, y, z), Q(x, y, z), R(x, y, z)i. If S has the
equation z = g(x, y), we regard x and y as parameters.
Therefore,
ZZ

~
F~ dS

ZZ
=

~
~u R
~ v ) dA
F~ (R(u,
v)) (R



g
g
hP, Q, Ri , , 1 dA
x y
D

ZZ 
g
g
P
Q
+ R dA
x
y
ZZ

Similar formulas can be obtained if S is given by x = g(y, z) or

y = g(x, z).

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Examples

Find the flux of the vector field F~ (x, y, z) = hz, y, xi across

the unit sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1

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Examples

Find the flux of the vector field F~ (x, y, z) = hz, y, xi across

the unit sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1
ZZ
~ where F~ (x, y, z) = hy, x, zi and S is the
Evaluate
F~ dS
S

boundary of the solid region E enclosed by the paraboloid

z = 1 x2 y 2 and the plane z = 0.

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References

Stewart, J., Calculus, Early Transcendentals, 6 ed., Thomson

Brooks/Cole, 2008

Dawkins, P., Calculus 3, online notes available at

http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/

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