LIGHTING

Definition of Terms
1.---------Ratio of the flux absorbed by a medium to the incident6 flux.
2.---------General term for the process by which incident flux is dissipated.
3.---------Directional lighting to emphasize a particular object or draw attention to a
part
of the field or view.
4.---------Angular distance of the sun measured up from the horizon of the great circle
that passes perpendicular to the plane of the horizon through the sun and
through the zenith.
5.---------Angular distance between the vertical plane containing the sun and the plane
of
the meridian.
6.---------A single opaque or translucent element to shield a source from direct view at
certain angles or to absorb unwanted light.
7.---------Device used with electric discharge lamp to obtain the necessary circuit
conditions for starting the operating.
8.---------Popular term for ultraviolet energy near the visible spectrum.
9.---------The terms Brightness and Luminance are almost entirely interchangeable,
with
the latter being the newer term. (See Luminance).
10.--------The unit of Luminous intensity.
11.--------Luminous intensity expressed in candelas.
12.--------General lighting system in which the entire ceiling is, in effect, one large
luminaire, as in louvered ceiling and luminous ceilings.
13.--------Cavity formed by the ceiling, the plane of the luminaries, and the wall
surfaces
between this two planes.
14.--------Enclosure containing the ballast, starter, lamp holders, and wiring for a
fluorescent lamp.
15.---------Sky having less than 30% cloud cover.
16.---------Part of a building rising clear of the roofs and whose walls contains
windows
for lighting the interior.
17.---------Ratio of the luminous flux (lumens) from a luminaire received on the work
plane to the lumens emitted by the luminaires alone.
18.---------Ratio of the daylight illuminance of a horizontal plane from the whole of
an
obstructed sky of assumed or known luminance.
19.---------Electric discharge lamp of the glow discharge type.
20.---------Lighting by means of light sources shielded by a plane parallel to the wall
and
attached to the ceiling that distribute light over the wall.
21.---------Lighting by means of sources shielded by a ledge or horizontal recess that
distribute light over the ceiling and upper wall.

22.---------The angle, measured up from the nadir, between the vertical axis and the
first line of sight at which the bare source is not visible.

23.---------Ratio of the flux leaving a surface or medium by diffuse reflection to the

incident flux.
24.---------Process by which the incident flux is redirected over a range of angles.
25.---------Process by which the incident flux passing through a surface or medium is
scattered.
26.---------Ratio of the diffusely transmitted flux leaving a surface or medium to the
incident flux.
27.---------Light that is not predominantly incident from any particular direction.
28.---------Device to redirect or scatter the light from a source, primarily by the
process of
diffuse, transmission.
29.---------Variant of general diffuse lighting in which the luminaries emit little or no
light at angles near the horizontal.
30.---------Lighting by luminaires distributing 90 to 100% of the emitted light in the
direction (usually downward)of the surface to be illuminated.
31.---------Glare resulting in reduced visual performance and visibility.
32.---------Glare producing discomfort but not necessarily impairing visual
performance
or visibility.
33.---------Small direct lighting unit that can be recessed, surfacemounted or
suspended.
34.---------Lamp in which light is produced in passage of an electric current through a
vapor or a gas, as in fluorescent, cold-cathode, and mercury lamps
35.---------Any opening or arrangement of openings (normally filled with media for
control ) for the admission of daylight.
36.---------Device for changing, by transmission, the magnitude and/or the spectral
composition of the flux incident upon it.
37.---------Projection design for lighting a scene or object to a luminance considerably
greater than its surroundings.
38.---------Cavity formed by the work plane, the floor, and the wallsurfaces between
this
two planes.
39.---------Low-pressure mercury electric discharge lamp in which a fluorescing
containing (phosphor) transforms some of the ultraviolet energy generated
by
the discharge into light.
40.---------Luminaire mounted above the ceiling with the opening of the luminaire
flush
with the surface of the ceiling.
41.---------The unit of illumination. The illumination on a surface 1sq,ft, in area on
which
there is a uniformly distributed flux of 1 lumen.
42.---------Unit of luminance; the luminance of a perfectly diffusing surface emitting
or

reflecting light at the rate of 1 lumen per,sq,ft. The luminance in

footlamberts
of any reflecting surface is the product of the illumination in footcandles
and
the luminous reflectance of the surface.
43.---------Emmision of light from gas atoms excited by an electric current.

44.---------Lighting by luminaires distributing 40 to 60% of the emitted light

downward
and the balance upward and horizontally.
45.---------Sensation produced by luminance within the visual field sufficiently greater
than the luminance to which the eyes are adapted to cause annoyance,
discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility.
46.---------The density of the luminous flux incident on a surface.
47.---------Lighting by luminaires distributing 90 to 100% of the emitted light upward.
48.---------Radiant energy within the wavelength rage 770 to 10,6 nanometers.
49.---------One designed to start by high voltage without preheating of the electrodes.
50.---------Related term for a man-made source of light.
51.---------Acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
Highly
monochromatic and coherent beam with a steady oscillation.
52.---------Factor used in calculating level of illumination after a period of time. It
takes
into consideration temperature and voltage variations, dirt accumulations,
lamp depreciation, etc.
53.---------Series of baffles used to shield a source from view at certain angles.
54.---------Angle between the horizontal plane of baffles or lover grid and the plane at
which the louver conceals all objects above.
55.---------The units of the luminous flux.
56.--------- Complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the
parts
designed to distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps, and to
connect the lamps to the power supply.
57.----------Ratio of luminous flux emitted by the luminaire to that emittedly the lamp
or lamps used therein.
58.----------The luminous intensity of a surface in a given direction per unit of
projected
area of the surface as viewed from that direction.
59.----------Ceiling area lighting system comprising a continuous surface at diffuse
transmitting material with light sources mounted above it.
60.----------Quantity for light per unit volume.
61.----------Quotient of the total luminous flux emitted by the total lamp power input
expressed in lumens per watt.

62.----------The time rate of flow of light.

63.----------The SI (metric ) unit of illuminance. One lux is one lumen per sq meter.
64.----------Same as Light Lose Factor.
65.----------Electric discharge lamp in which the major portion of the radiation is
produced by excitation of mercury atoms.
66.----------Distance from the work plane to the light center of the luminaire or to the
plane of the ceiling for recessed equipment.
67.----------One that has 30 to 70% cloud cover.

68.----------Position of a building with respect to compass direction.

69.----------One that has 100% cloud; cover the sun is not visible.
70.----------Process by which the transverse vibration of light waves are oriented in a
specific plane.
71.----------One design for operation with a ballast that provides for preheating the
electrodes in order to start the arc.
72.----------One designed for operation with a ballast that provides for preheating the
electrodes and initiating the arc without a starting switch or the
application of
high voltage.
73.----------Ratio of the reflected flux to the incident flux.
74.----------Glare resulting from specular reflections of high luminances in polished or
glossy surfaces in the field of view, especially within or in close proximity
to
the visual task.
75.----------Process by which the incident flux leaves a surface or medium from the
incident side.
76.----------Device used to redirect the luminous flux from a source by the process of
reflection.
77.----------Process by which the direction of a ray of light changes as it passes
obliquely
from one medium to another in which its speed is different.
78.----------One mounted above the ceiling with the opening of the luminaire above
the
ceiling line.
79.----------Cavity formed by the plane of the luminaires, the work plane and the wall
surfaces between these two planes.
80.----------Lighting by the luminaires distributing to 60 to 90% of there emitted light
downward and the balance upward.
81.----------Lighting by the luminaires 60 to 90% of their emitted light upward and the
balance downward.
82.----------Screen made of opaque or diffusing materials design to prevent a light
source
from being directly visible by normal angles of view.
83.----------Angle between horizontal line through the light center and the line of sight
at

which the bare source first becomes visible.

84.--------- Ratio of the illuminance on a horizontal plane inside a building due to light
from the sky to the illuminance due to an unobstructed hemisphere of sky.
Visible radiation from the sun redirected by the atmosphere.
85.----------Irradiance from the sun at it mean distance from the earth, before
modification
by the earths atmosphere
86.----------One from which the reflection predominantly regular.
87.----------Device used in conjunction with the ballast for the purpose for starting on
electric discharge lamp.

88.----------Angle measured in the plane of the horizon between a vertical plane

perpendicular to the window wall and the position of the plane after it has
been rotated to contain the sun.
89.----------Direct visible radiation from the sun.
90.----------One mounted directly on the ceiling.
91.----------One hung from a ceiling by supports.
92.----------Process by which the incident flux leaves a surface or medium on other
than
the incident side.
93.----------Ratio of the transmitted flux to the incident flux.
94.----------Recessed lighting unit, usually long and installed with the opening flush
with
the ceiling.
95.----------Radiant energy within the wavelength range 10 to 380 nanometers.
96.----------Longitudinal shielding member mounted across the top of a window or
high
on a wall to conceal light sources distributing light both upward and
downward.
97.----------Luminance brightness superimposed on the retinal image which reduces
its
contrast and results in decreased visual performance and visibility.
98.----------Regular reflections superimposed upon diffuse reflections partially or
totally
obscuring the details of the task by reducing it.
99.----------The plane at which work is usually done. Unless otherwise indicated, it is
assumed to be a horizontal plane 30 in. (760mm) above the floor.

ACOUSTICS
1.---------- Is that branch of Physics pertaining to the phenomena and law of
sound including the study of regulating sound and its reflecting properties.
2.---------- Is a sensation felt by the brain resulting from the disturbance of
molecules in the air.
3----------- Is simply anything that we hear and is subjectively defined as
unpleasant and unwanted sound.
4.---------- Is a distinct, separate or delayed sound heard by an observer as a result
of reflection of sound coming of any smooth walls or surfaces.
5----------- Is the persistence of sound after the cause of sound has stop. It is the
rebounding or reflecting of sound waves.
6.----------- May be defined as the technology of designing spaces, structures and
mechanical systems to meet hearing needs.
7.----------- Is a physical wave in an elastic medium, usually air. Understanding the
characteristics of sounds is essential in designing for good acoustics.
8.----------- Is generated when an object vibrates, causing the adjacent air to move and
radiating out from the moving object.

9.-----------The number of times the cycle of compression and rarefaction of air occurs
in a given unit of time is described as the frequency of a sound. For example, if there
a 1000 cycles in the period of one second the frequency is 1000 cps ( 1000 Hertz- Hz
in the new standard nomenclature).
10.-----------The velocity of sound varies according to the medium transmission in a at
normal temperature and pressure, velocity is approximately 1100 feet per second.
11.-----------The wavelength of a sound may be defined as the distance between
similar points on successive waves or the distance the sound travels in one cycle
12.-----------Sound power measured in watts (w) is the amount of sound energy
produced by a source. Laymen commonly use the terms Intensity and Loudness
interchangeably.
13.-----------Sound in an enclosed space that radiates out from the source until it hits a
surface that reflects or absorb it.
14.-----------Occurs when sound hits a surface which is neither predominantly
absorptive or nor sound transparent at the specific frequency.
15.-----------Are sound waves which are heard separately and later than directly
transmitted sound.
16.-----------Is a series of reflected sound waves from a single initial sound.
17.-----------Is a persistence of sound after the cause of sound has stopped.
18.-----------Are reflected sounds that gathered in a central portion.
19.-----------The radius of curvature of ceiling surfaces shall be less than or more
than twice the perpendicular distance to the source of sound; the radius of curvature
for walls should be very small, as a cove corner, or more than twice the distance to the
source of sound.
20.-----------Is achieve by breaking the angle of reflection by convex surfaces of
varying sizes.
21.-----------Is the reflection of sound along a curved surface.

22.-----------Is simply anything that, we hear and is subjectively defined as unpleasant

and unwanted sound.
23.-----------Is due to fluctuations of air pressure about the mean atmospheric
pressure.
24.-----------Is the vibration of elastic bodies.
25.-----------Is caused by pulsations of liquid pressure about the mean static pressure.
26.-----------Is noise of frequency greater than 20,000 cyc/sec.
27.-----------Is noise of frequency less than 20 cyc/sec sec.

PLUMBING

1. A pipe fitting to join two straight lengths of pipes.

a. Coupling
b. Nipple
c. Tee
d. St.Elbow
2. Level 3 types of water service refers to:
a. artesian well
b. individual shallow well hand up installation
c. public faucet
d. individual house pipes- in connection with meter
3. A faucet fitted with nozzle curving downward used as a draw-of trap:
a. firehouse
b. bibcock
c. lavatory faucet
d. garden hose
4. One of the first steps in the selection of a suitable water supply source is:
a. water (potability)
b. topography c. budgetary cost d. water (demand)
5. The minimum size of a swimming pool drain:
a. 3dia.
b. 4dia
c. 2dia
d. 6dia
6. Fluoride as an addictive in water supply is a chemical for:
a. purify b. coagulant c. disinfectant
d. dental
7. The quality of Galvanized Iron pipes are rated by:
a. class
b. schedule c. mm d.gauge
8. A pipe fitting to change in one single direction (course) the flow of water:
a. tee b. cross tee c. wye
d. elbow
9. Womens urinal fixture:
a. washdown b. flatback c.Bidet d. stall urinal
10. The minimum distance (in meters) of a well from a septic tank.
a. 15
b. 10
c. 25
d. 20
11. Apiece of pipe threaded outside all through out to connect short runs of two pipe
fittings:
a. nipple b. supply pipe
c.coupling
d. close nipple
12. Prevents water hammer:
a. water meter seal
b. float valve
c. check valve
d. air chamber
13. Theater or move houses water requirement is determined or estimated at 5
galloons of water per day :
a. total numbers of movie goer per day
c. floor area space of auditorium
b. total number of auditorium scat
d. box office record
14. Water well yield is a factor considered to determine the size of:
a. fixtures
b. electrical wiring
c. water pipe d. pump
15. Identify in the illustration W5-2, which is a PVC female threaded adaptor fitting:
a. figure 2
b. figure 1
c. figure 4
d. figure 3

16. Identify in illustration WS-1 , which is 90 degree PVC elbow fitting:

a. figure 2
b. figure 4
c. figure 3
d. figure 1
17 .The reference in measuring the depth of a trap seal of the trap:

a. Crown weir to bottom dip

c. Inlet to outlet
b. Bottom dip to top dip
d. Crown weir to top dip
18. A pipe fitting shape like letter S:
a. P-trap
b. Double Bend
c. U-trap
d. St. Bend
19. The part of a vent line which connects directly with an individual trap underneath
or behind the fixture and extends to the branch or man pipe at any point higher than
the fixture trap:
a. Blow-pipe b. Vent through roof
c. Back vent pipe
d. Soil pipe
20. The minimum number of water closet unit required for the female population of
an elementary school:
a. 1 per 75
b. 1 per 35
c. 1 per 50
d. 1 per 100
21. The minimum size of trap and waste branch for a bidet:
a. 3dia
b. 1- 1/2dia
c. 2dia
d. 1dia
22. A pipe which conveys only liquid waste, free of fecal matter:
a. wet vent b. waste pipe c. vent pipe d. soil pipe
23. A general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste, or vent piping:
a. Stand pipe b. riser c. shaft
d. stack
24. The minimum number of water closet unit required for the female population of a
secondary school:
a. 1 per 45 b. 1 per 75 c. 1 per 50
d. 1 per 60
25. The minimum slope of a building drain:
a. 1/16 in./ft.
b. 1 in. / ft.
c. 1/8 in. /ft. d. in. /ft.
26. The minimum sized of a trap and waste branch for a pedestal urinal:
a. 2dia
b. 2,1/2dia
c. 3dia d. 4dia
27. The minimum size of a trap and waste branch for a shower stall:
a. 2dia
b.3dia
c.1,1/2dia d. 1dia
28. The minimum sized of a trap and waste branch for a size of foot bath:
a. 1,1/4dia
b. 2dia c. 1,1/2dia
d. 1dia
29. Black steel pipe with galvanized malleable fitting is ideal for:
a. Oxygen Pipe b. Electrical Conduit c. Gas Pipe d. Water Pipe
30. The minimum number of a urinal fixture required for the male population of both
elementary and secondary school:
a. 1per 40
b. 1per 50
c. 1per 60
d. 1 per 30
31. Identify in illustration SP-4, which is a tap tee fitting:
a. figure 4
b. figure 3 c. figure2
d. figure 1
32. Identify in illustration SP-5, which is 1/8 bend fitting:
a. figure 2
b. figure 4
c. figure 1
d. figure 3

33. The prescribe color coding of piping under refrigerating division of all pipes and
fittings:
a. white
b. yellow
c. gray
d. black
34. A type of coupling or joining device having internal screw threads or nuts with
opposite screws at the end. By turning the internal screws, it is possible to connect
two metal rods and regulate the length and tension of this rods:
a. vice grip
b. union patente
c. turnstile
d. turnbuckle
35. Film laboratories,