Question One

MV Warsash 2 is alongside a berth after completing loading. She has a displacement of

5644.00 tonnes, a LCG of 44.00 metres FOAP, a KG of 4.32 metres and a list of 0.7 degrees
to starboard. In this condition, her KM is 6.96 metres.
It is proposed to bring the vessel closer to upright by filling the No. 3 Port Double Bottom
to a sounding of 1.90 metres with sea water ballast.
a)
b)

c)

Determine the list angle after counter-ballasting the No 3 Port Double

Bottom;

(15)

State the minimum metacentric height for a general cargo vessel, and if the
vessel has loaded general cargo, comment on the legality of metacentric
height after counter-ballasting;

(2)

Using the extracts from the Ships Stability Data Book, determine the end
draughts of the vessel after counter-ballasting. The LBP of the vessel is 100
metres.

(8)

Question Two
MV Warsash 2 floats with a displacement of 6615 tonnes. In this condition, her KG is 5.79
metres, her LCG is 47.02 metres FOAP, and her TCG is 0 metres.
Both of the Number 3 Double bottom tanks are then filled to a sounding of 1.00 metres
with sea water ballast.
A total of 481.4 tonnes of cargo is then loaded onto the vessel at a KG of 7.50 metres, a
LCG of 30.00 metres FOAP, and a TCG of 0.35 metres.
After loading the cargo and ballasting, determine:
a)

The TCG, LCG and effective KG of the vessel;;

(13)

b)

The effective metacentre height and the angle of list;

(3)

c)

The end draughts;

(7)

d)

The distance forward or aft that the 481.4 tonnes of cargo must be moved
so that the vessel floats with zero trim.

(2)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Three
A ship is floating with her waterline 52 mm above the top of the Winter Load Line mark.
The vessel is in a Summer zone, in dock water with a density of 1.007 t/m3.
The ships data shows that the ship has a Summer displacement of 18000 tonnes, with a
summer draught of 5.000 m. At the summer draught, the vessel has a TPC of 35 t/cm in
sea water.
Determine the cargo to load or unload so that the vessel will float on her Summer
marks at sea;

(10)

Question Four
A box shaped vessel has a length of 90 metres, a beam of 15 metres, and floats upright on an even
keel with a displacement of 5535 tonnes in sea water, and a metacentric height of 0.15 metres.
a)

Two transverse watertight bulkheads form a 10 metre long watertight amidships

compartment. The compartment has a permeability of 0.9. Determine the
metacentric height of the vessel if the amidships compartment is bilged;

(14)

b)

Determine the angle of loll after bilging;

(2)

c)

Explain why free surface effects are not taken into account when calculating the
stability of a vessel after bilging.

(4)

Question Five
A box shaped vessel has a length of 80.00 metres, and a beam of 13.00 metres. She has an initial
draught of 3.00 metres. In this condition, she has a KG of 5.00 metres. The vessel has an amidships
compartment, formed by two transverse watertight bulkheads 25.00 metres apart. Within this
compartment, there is a double bottom 1.20 metres deep.

a)

b)

Determine the metacentric height of the vessel if the amidships compartment is

bilged in the double bottom, assuming that the permeability is 90%;

(16)

Calculate the change in the metacentric height, and hence explain why the
metacentric height has changed in the way that it has.

(4)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Six
A box shaped vessel has a length of 90.00 metres, a beam of 12.00 metres, and floats upright on an
even keel with a draught of 3.00 metres in sea water, in an undamaged condition. Watertight
bulkheads form a 15.00 metre long watertight side compartment, with a width of 2.00 metres. The
KG is 4.00 metres.
a)

Determine the parallel sinkage if the side compartment is bilged;

(4)

b)

Determine the list caused by bilging the compartment as described in part a.

(16)

Question Seven
A box shaped vessel has a length of 100.00 metres, a beam of 10.00 metres, and an initial draught of
4.00 metres in sea water. In this condition, she has no trim.
A transverse watertight bulkhead forms a forward end compartment 15.00 metres long, with a
double bottom 1.00 metres deep. The forward compartment becomes bilged in the double bottom
(the space above remains dry):

a)

b)

Assuming that the bilged KB is the same as the KG of the vessel, and that the
compartment permeability is 100%, determine the MCTC in the bilged condition;

(7)

Using the solution from part a, determine the end draughts of the vessel in the bilged
condition.

(12)

Question Eight
MV Warsash 2 is loaded to a displacement of 5600 tonnes, with a KG of 6.87 metres. In this
condition she is upright.
The grain hold is subsequently filled to a sounding of 7.00 metres, with grain with a stowage factor
of 1.50 m3/t.
Using the Grain Hold Data, and the Hydrostatic Data, determine the final metacentric
height, and plot the GZ curve and the grain heeling line, and hence determine the ability of
the vessel to meet ALL of the requirements of the current Grain Regulations. YOU MAY
ASSUME THAT THE DOWNFLOODING ANGLE IS ABOVE 40 DEGREES.

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

(20)

Question Nine
Table Q9 gives the GZ values for MV Warsash 2 in a certain loading condition.

a)

b)

Determine the ability of the vessel to meet all of the GZ curve area requirements of
the current Load Line regulations, if the down-flooding angle for the displacement
used is 49 degrees;

(14)

The vessel then experiences a cargo shift, so that the centre of gravity of the vessel
moves 0.30m to port, and 0.20m vertically upwards. Using a suitable method,
determine the resulting angle of list.

(6)

Angle

GZ

Degrees to Port

metres

10

0.052

20

0.158

30

0.358

35

0.481

40

0.608

Table Q9

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Ten
MV Warsash 2 is alongside a berth, moored on her port side. She has a displacement of 6008.00
tonnes, with a KG of 6.40 metres. In this condition, she has the following GZ values:

Angle

GZ

Degrees

metres

0.00

10

0.12

20

0.28

30

0.55

40

0.82

a)

Determine the dynamic stability of the vessel between zero and 40 degrees;

(6)

b)

A heavy item of cargo, with a mass of 60.00 tonnes, is to be unloaded using the ships
own heavy lift crane. The cargo is located on the centreline of the vessel. The derrick
head of the crane is 33.00 metres above the cargo, and the reach of the crane is 18.00
metres to port. Using large angle stability theory, determine the maximum list angle
of the vessel during the unloading process.

(14)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Eleven
MV Warsash 2 is loaded to a displacement of 7192.00 tonnes. At this displacement, she is loaded so
that she has the following GZ values:

Angle

GZ

Degrees

metres

0.00

10

0.03

20

0.10

30

0.27

35

0.30

40

0.29

Using the extracts from the Stability Data Booklet, plot the GZ curve, and hence determine
the ability of the vessel to meet ALL of the GZ curve area requirements of the current Load
Line regulations.

(20)

Question Twelve
MV Warsash 2 (LBP 100m) is floating in dock water with a density of 1.010t/m3.
Table Q12 (enclosed) shows a partially completed draught survey for the vessel in the above
condition. The forward draught marks are 5.000 metres aft of the forward perpendicular.
The aft draught marks are 4.000 metres forward of the aft perpendicular. The amidships
draught marks are 3.000 metres aft of amidships. Complete the remainder of the draught
survey form, and hence determine the displacement of the vessel via a draught survey. This
question requires the use of the upright hydrostatic data extracts.

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

(20)

Question 12: Draught Survey Form

Student Number:_____________
TABLE Q12
4.000

Draught Forward

FP Correction

Draught at FP

Draught Aft

AP Correction

Draught at AP

True Trim

Draught (M) Port

3.623

Draught (M) Stb

3.735

10

Draught Midships
Mean

11

Amidship Line
Correction

12

Draught at
Amidships

13

Corrected
Midship Draught

14

TPC

15

Displacement

16

1st Trim Corrn.

(Layer)

17

2nd Trim Corrn.

(Form)

18

Corrected
Displacement

19

Dock Water
Displacement

3.400

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

LCF FOAP

Question Thirteen
MV Warsash 2 (LBP 100m) is alongside a berth in dock water with a density of 1.014 t/m3.
The vessel is being prepared for a dry-docking. She has a draught aft of 4.89 metres, and a
draught forward of 4.03 metres. Her KG is 6.82 metres.
a)
b)

Assuming that KM remains constant during dry-docking, determine the

metacentric height at the critical moment;

(15)

Determine the draught at the forward draught marks at the critical

instant.

(5)

Question Fourteen
MV Warsash 2 (LBP 100m) has undergone a dry-docking. She is ready to be re-floated, with a
displacement of 4001 tonnes and a KG of 6.93 metres. The LCG of the vessel is 46.58 metres FOAP.
a)

Using the extracts from the Stability Data Booklet, determine if it will be safe to refloat the vessel in the above condition (note you may assume that KM remains
constant);

(13)

b)

Determine the draught aft and forward at the moment when the bow will lift;

(4)

c)

Determine the draught aft and forward at the moment when the vessel will float free
of the blocks.

(3)

Question Fifteen
MV Warsash 2 is to undergo a dry docking. She has a displacement of 3220 tonnes, with an initial KG
of 7.32 metres. In this condition, she has a stern trim of 0.90 metres.
Note: You may assume that the KM remains constant during the dry-docking process.

a)

b)

c)

Using the extracts from the hydrostatic data, determine the metacentric height of the
vessel at the critical moment;

(9)

Explain the significance of the answer found in part a, and state two ways in which the
stability at the critical moment may be improved;

(3)

Assuming that the initial trim is unchanged, determine the minimum possible
metacentric height of the vessel, prior to dry-docking, to ensure that the metacentric
height remains positive throughout the dry-docking process.

(8)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Sixteen
MV Warsash 2 floats at a true mean draught of 5.30 metres, with a trim of -0.68 metres by the stern.
She is loaded with fuel and stores, and the crew is aboard. The only remaining mass to load is the
cargo. The density of the water is 1.010t/m3. The vessel is to be loaded so that when she leaves the
harbour and enters sea water, she will be at draught of 7.00 metres, on an even keel.
a)

Determine the amount of cargo to be loaded;

(4)

b)

Space is available in two holds. The after hold is 30 metres FOAP. The forward hold is
85 metres FOAP. Determine the distribution of the cargo so that the vessel sails in the
required final condition.

(16)

Question Seventeen
MV Warsash 2 is at sea in deep water. She has a true mean draught of 5.00 metres, and a KG of 6.43
metres. She is floating on an even keel, with no list or heel.
The rudder is turned so that she starts a turn to port with a diameter of 600.00 metres at a speed of
12.00 knots.
a)

b)

c)

d)

Using the extracts from the Stability Data Booklet, determine the angle of heel of the
vessel note that g = 9.81m/s2, and that 1 knot = 0.514m/s;

(7)

If the heel angle is to be kept below 10 degrees, determine the minimum diameter of
turn possible;

(5)

Determine the percentage draught increase of the vessel when turning in the
condition found in part b, if the beam of the vessel is 20 metres;

(3)

Explain why a normal merchant vessel heels, and state the direction of heel, when
turning.

(5)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Eighteen
MV Warsash 2 (LBP 100.000m) is floating alongside a berth in sea water. She is to undergo an
inclining test after the addition of some new machinery. Her draught at the forward perpendicular is
3.100 metres. Her draught at the aft perpendicular is 3.200 metres. In this condition, the vessel is in
her new lightship condition, with the inclining masses and the staff conducting the inclining test also
aboard.
a)

b)

Using the extracts from the Stability Data Booklet, use the layer correction process to
determine the displacement of the vessel in the above condition (note you should
work to three decimal places);

(7)

The six inclining masses each have a mass of 12.000 tonnes, and are located 13.000
metres above the keel, and are placed 4.000 metres from the centreline. The staff
conducting the test, and their remaining equipment, have a combined mass of 3.000
tonnes, and are located on the centreline, 12.000 metres above the keel. The
pendulum is 15.000 metres long. Table Q18 shows the results of two repetitions of
the inclining test. Using the data in table Q18, determine the lightship displacement
and KG of the vessel.

(13)

Mass 1

Mass 2

Mass 3

Mass 4

Mass 5

Mass 6

Pendulum
Deflection, m, Port
Positive

Step 3

Port

Port

Port

Port

Port

Stb

1.712

Step 12

Port

Port

Stb

Stb

Stb

Stb

-0.867

Table Q18

Question Nineteen
MV Warsash 2 floats at a true mean draught of 5.68 metres in sea water. The vessel has a
rectangular swimming pool, on the centreline, which has a length of 10.00 metres, a breadth of
15.00 metres, and can be filled to a depth of 1.50 metres. The base of the pool is 14.25 metres
above the keel of the vessel. In this condition she has a KG of 6.73 metres, and the pool is empty,
and there are no free surfaces present.
a)

b)

Determine the effective metacentric height of the vessel if the pool is filled
completely with sea water; Note interpolation may be required.

(11)

Determine the required initial KG at a draught of 5.68 metres, before filling the pool,
so that after filling the pool the effective GM is a minimum of 0.50 metres.

(9)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Twenty
A box shaped vessel has a length of 90 metres, a beam of 15 metres, and floats upright on an even
keel with a draught of 2 metres in the lightship condition.
a)

Two transverse bulkheads form three equal size compartments. The two end
compartments are each filled with 400 tonnes of cargo. The amidships compartment
is filled with 40 tonnes of cargo. Using the graph paper, draw the loading diagram for
the vessel;

(7)

b)

Using the graph paper, draw the shear force diagram for the vessel;

(5)

c)

Using the graph paper, draw the bending moment diagram for the vessel.

(8)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question One Solution:

Part a)
The mass of the ballast at a sounding of 1.90 metres can be found from the double bottom
data:
( )
The tank data shows that the KG of the ballast is 1.01 metres. (1)
The free surface moment of the ballast can be found from the double bottom data:
( )
NOTE TO MARKERS: FURTHER MARKS WILL NOT BE AWARDED FOR PART A TO
STUDENTS WHO NEGLECT FREE SURFACE EFFECTS
These values can be used in a loading table to determine the overall displacement and KG
in the final condition:
Item

Mass (t)

KG (m)

Moment (tm)

Ship

5644

4.32

24382.08

No 3 DB P Ballast
No 3 DB P Ballast FSM

238.38
0

1.01
0

240.77
550.25

Totals

5882.38

25173.1

Correct moment methodology (1)

Correct moment values (1)
( )
At 5882.38 tonnes displacement, the KM can be found from the hydrostatics. This gives a
value of 6.99 metres. (1) This can be used to find the final GM:

( )
In the initial condition, the GM can be found:
( )
This allows the initial TCG to be found:
( )
The tank data shows that the TCG of the ballast is 4.14 metres. (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

These values can be used in a loading table to determine the TCG in the final condition:

Item

Mass (t)

TCG (m)

Moment (tm)

Ship

5644

-0.03

-169.32

No 3 DB P Ballast

238.38

4.14

986.91

Totals

5882.38

817.59

Correct moment methodology (1)

Correct moment values (1)
( )
This allows the final list to be found:
(

( )

Part B)
The minimum metacentric height for a general cargo vessel is 0.15 metres (1), therefore
the vessel passes the minimum GM criteria (1).
Part C)
The tank data shows that the LCG of the ballast is 49.36 metres. (1)
This value can be used in a loading table to determine the LCG in the final condition:
Item

Mass (t)

LCG (m)

Moment (tm)

Ship

5644

44.00

248336

No 3 DB P Ballast

238.38

49.36

11766.65

Totals

5882.38

260102.65

Correct moment methodology (1)

Correct moment values (1)
( )
At the final displacement, the MCTC is 67.01 metres, the LCB is 46.21 metres, the true
mean draught is 5.90 metres and the LCF is 43.25 metres. This allows the final trim to be
found:
Correct hydrostatic values (1)
(

( )

This allows the end draughts to be found:

(

( )
( )

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Two Solution:

Part A)
At the sounding of 1.00m, the volume of the ballast in each Number 3 can be found from
the tank data in the hydrostatics. This gives a volume of 113.47 m3. Multiplying this by the
density of sea water gives a mass of 116.31t. The KG of the ballast is 0.53m, the LCG is
49.20m FOAP, and the TCG of each tank is 3.94m from the centreline of the ship. The Free
Surface Moment of the tank is 462.69m4, which corresponds to a free surface moment of
474.26tm for sea water.
Correct Fluid Volume (1)
Correct Fluid Mass (1)
Correct Fluid G values (1)
Correct FSM (adjusted for units of tm) (1)
A loading table can be used to determine the KG after loading:
Item
Mass (t)
KG (m)
Moment (tm)
Ship

6615

5.79

38300.85

No 3 DB P

116.31

0.53

61.64

No 3 DB P FSM

474.26

No 3 DB S

116.31

0.53

61.64

No 3 DB S FSM

474.26

Cargo

481.4

7.50

3610.5

Totals

7329.01

42983.14

Correct Method (1)

Correct Values (1)

Correct KG (1)
A loading table can be used to determine the LCG after loading:
Item

Mass (t)

LCG (m)

Moment (tm)

Ship

6615

47.02

311037.3

No 3 DB P

116.31

49.20

5722.29

No 3 DB S

116.31

49.20

5722.29

Cargo

481.4

30.00

14442

Totals

7329.01

Correct Method (1)

Correct Values (1)

Correct LCG (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

336923.88

A loading table can be used to determine the TCG after loading:

Item

Mass (t)

TCG (m)

Moment (tm)

Ship

6615

0.00

No 3 DB P

116.31

3.94

458.25

No 3 DB S

116.31

-3.94

-458.25

Cargo

481.4

0.35

168.49

Totals

7329.01

168.49

Correct Method (1)

Correct Values (1)

Correct TCG (1)

Part B)
At the displacement of 7329.01 tonnes, the KM can be found from the hydrostatics. This
gives a value of 7.26 metres. This allows GM to be found:
Correct KM (1)
Correct GM (1)
This can be used with the TCG to find the angle of list:
(

Correct List (1)

Part C)
The hydrostatics can be used to determine the LCB and the MCTC. This gives a value of
45.40 metres FOAP for the LCB, and 86.96 tm for the MCTC. These can be used to
determine the trim of the vessel:
Correct LCB (1)
Correct MCTC (1)
(

)
(

Note that dividing by 100 converts the answer from units of cm to metres.
Correct Trim with suitable units (cm or m accepted) (1)
The hydrostatics can be used to determine the true mean draught and the LCF. This gives
a value of 7.00 metres for the true mean draught, and 41.02 metres FOAP for the LCF.
Correct True Mean Draught (1)
Correct LCF (1)
These can be used to determine the draught aft:

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Correct Draught Aft (1)

This can be used to determine the draught forward:
Correct Draught Forward (1)

Part D)
To determine the change of trim due to moving a mass, the following formula can be
used:

To bring the vessel to an even keel, the change of trim must equal the original trim, so
the required change of trim is -48 metres by the bow.
Substituting the values into the formula gives:

Correct mass to move (1)

Correct direction to move (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Three Solution:

The Fresh Water Allowance can be found:
( )
The Dock Water Allowance can be found:
(
(

)
)

(
(

)
)

( )

The distance between the zone marks can be found:

( )
The allowable sinkage is the distance between the starting waterline and the allowable
waterline. This gives a value of 0.145 metres or 14.5 cm. (4)
The TPC can be corrected for dock water:
( )
The mass to cause the sinkage can be found:
( )
Therefore 498.66 tonnes must be loaded. (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Four Solution

Part A
The initial draught can be found from the displacement:
( )
The initial KB can be found from the initial draught:
( )
The initial BM can be found from the initial dimensions:

( )
The KG can be found:
( )
The parallel sinkage can be found:
(

( )
( )

( )

The bilged draught can be found:

( )
The bilged KB can be found:
( )
The bilged BM can be found:
( )
( )
The bilged GM can be found:
( )

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

( )

 2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question One Part B

The angle of loll can be directly calculated:

( )

Question One Part C

A bilged compartment is considered to be open to the sea (1). As the compartment is open, water
can flow in and out of the compartment (1), and cannot therefore slosh in the compartment (1).
This means that the water cannot create a free surface effect (1).

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Five Solution

Part a)
The parallel sinkage can be found:

Correct lost volume (1)

Correct final waterplane area (1)
Correct sinkage (1)
The bilged draught can be found:

Correct lost volume (1)

A volumetric loading table can be used to determine the KB after bilging:

Item

Volume (m3)

KB (m)

Moment (m4)

Whole Vessel
Bilged Compartment
Totals

3473.6
-351
3122.6

1.67
0.6

5800.912
-210.6
5590.312

Correct whole ship volume (1)

Correct whole ship KB (1)
Correct whole ship moment (1)
Correct bilged compartment volume (1)
Correct bilged compartment KB (1)
Correct bilged compartment moment (1)
Correct totals (1)

Correct bilged KB (1)

As the waterplane area remains constant, the BM will not change:

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Correct bilged inertia (1)

Correct bilged volume (1)
Correct bilged BM (1)
Therefore the GM can be found:

Correct bilged GM (1)

Part b)
The BM and KG values have remained constant, so the change in GM is simply the change in KB. The
original KB can be found:
Correct logic for KG and BM (1)
Correct logic for change in GM (1)

Correct initial KB (1)

Therefore the change in KB, and hence the change in GM, can be found:

Correct bilged GM (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Solution Six
Part A
The parallel sinkage can be determined by formula:

( )

The bilged draught can therefore be found:

( )
Part B
The bilged KB will be at half the bilged draught, as there is no double bottom:
( )
The new roll axis can be found:
Item
Whole Vessel
Bilged Compartment
Totals

Area (m2)
1080 (1)
-30 (1)
1050 (1)

Moment (m3)
6480 (1)
-30 (1)
6450 (1)

Lever (m)
6.00 (1)
1.00 (1)

( )
The inertia at the damaged edge can be found:
( )

( )

( )

The inertia at the roll axis can be found:

(
(
This allows BM to be found:

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

)
(

) )

( )

( )
Therefore GM can be found:
( )
Finally the list can be found:
(

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

( )

Question Seven Solution

Part a)
The sinkage can be found:

( )

Lost volume (1)

Waterplane area (1)
Sinkage (1)
Therefore the final true mean draught will be 4.15 metres.
Bilged true mean draught (1)
The longitudinal BM can be found:

Longitudinal Inertia (1)

Bilged Volume (1)
As the question states that the bilged KB and the KG can be assumed to be the same, the
longitudinal GM will be the same as the longitudinal BM. Therefore the MCTC can be found:

MCTC (1)
Part B)
The LCB can be found:
Item

Volume (m3)

LCB (m)

Moment (m4)

Whole Vessel
Bilged Compartment
Totals

4150
-150
4000

50
92.5

207500.00
-13875.00
193625

Whole vessel volume (1)

Whole vessel LCB (1)
Whole vessel Moment (1)
Bilged compartment volume (1)
Bilged compartment LCB (1)
Bilged compartment Moment (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Bilged LCB (1)

As the vessel was initially on an even keel, the LCG must be at amidships, at 50.00 metres FOAP. The
LCG will remain constant.
Bilged LCG logic (1)
Bilged LCG value (1)

This will remain constant during bilging, therefore the trim can be found:
((

((

Bilged Trim (1)

Finally the end draughts can be found. The LCF will be at the centre of the waterplane, 50.00 metres
FOAP.
Bilged LCF (1)
(
Bilged Draught Aft (1)

Bilged Draught Forward (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Eight Solution

The grain volume, KG and volumetric heeling moment can be determined from the Grain Hold Data
Table. This shows a grain volume of 1050m3, with a grain KG of 5.50 metres, and a volumetric
heeling moment of 590.40m4.
Correct grain hold data (1)
The grain mass can be determined from the grain volume and the stowage factor:
( )
A loading table can be used to determine the displacement and KG after loading:
Item
Ship
Grain
Totals

Mass (t)
5600
700.00
6300

KG (m)
6.87
5.50

Moment (tm)
38472.00
3850.00
42322.00
( )

The KM can be interpolated at 6300.00 tonnes, giving a value of 7.05 metres. This allows GM to be
found:
( )
The minimum required GM is 0.30m, therefore the vessel passes the GM requirement.
Correct GM criteria (1)
At the displacement of 6300 tonnes, the KN values can be interpolated at the relevant angles:
Angle
degrees
0
10
20
30
40

KN
metres
0.00
1.23
2.48
3.77
4.92

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

These values can be used to calculate the GZ values, using:

(
Angle
KN
degrees
metres
0
0.00
10
1.23
20
2.48
30
3.77
40
4.92
Correct GZ values (2)
The

and

GZ
metres
0.00
0.07
0.19
0.41
0.61

values can be calculated:

( )
( )

The GZ curve can be plotted with the grain heeling curve:

0.700

0.600

0.500

0.400
s
e
tr
e
m
,Z
G
0.300

0.200

0.100

0.000
0

10

15

20
Heel, degrees

Correct plot (2)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

25

30

35

40

The list angle can be read from the intersection of the two curves. This gives a value of 8.95 degrees.
For a pre-1994 vessel, this should be less than 12 degrees, therefore the vessel passes the list criteria
for pre-94 vessels. For a post-1994 vessel, this should be less than the deck edge immersion angle,
therefore the vessel passes the list criteria for post-94 vessels.
Correct list analysis for pre-94 (1)
Correct list analysis for post-94 (1)

The area under the CZ curve can be determined up to 40 degrees (as this is also the greatest gap in
the ordinates) using Simpsons Rule:
Angle

GZ

degrees
0
10
20
30
40

metres
0.00
0.07
0.19
0.41
0.61

Simpson Multiplier

Area
Product

1
4
2
4
1
Total

0.00
0.28
0.38
1.64
0.61
2.91

Correct multipliers (1)

Correct area product (1)

( )
The area under the GZ curve and the grain heeling curve can be broken down into a triangle and a
trapezoid. The area of these can be determined:
(

( )
(

( )

The residual area can be found from the total area and the area of the triangle and the trapezoid:
( )
The minimum area is 0.075m Rad, therefore the vessel passes the residual area criteria.
Correct criteria and conclusion (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Nine Solution

Part A
The area from zero to 40 degrees can be found using Simpsons Rules:

Angle
Degrees
0
10
20
30
40

GZ
metres
0
0.052
0.158
0.358
0.608

Simpson's
Multiplier
1
4
2
4
1
Total

Area
Product
0
0.208
0.316
1.432
0.608
2.564

Correct Simpson Multipliers (1)

Correct table method (2)
( )

( )

The area between 0 to 40 degrees is 0.149 metre radians. The minimum required area is 0.09 m Rad,
therefore the vessel passes the criteria. (1)
The area from 30 to 40 degrees can be found using Simpsons Rules:
Angle
Degrees
30
35
40

GZ
metres
0.358
0.481
0.608

Simpson's
Multiplier
1
4
1
Total

Area
Product
0.358
1.924
0.608
2.89

Correct table method (2)

Correct Simpson Multipliers (1)
( )

( )

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

The minimum required area is 0.03 m Rad, therefore the vessel passes the criteria. (1)

The area from zero to 30 degrees can be found from the area from 0 to 40 and the area from 30 to
40:
( )
The minimum required area is 0.055m Rad, therefore the vessel passes the criteria. (1)
Part B
The GZ values can be corrected for the change in KG and the change in TCG:

Angle, Degs
0
10
20
30
35
40

GZ, m
0
0.052
0.158
0.358
0.481
0.608

Correct KG corrections (1)

Correct TCG corrections (1)
Correct Actual GZ (1)
Plotting these values gives:

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

KG Loss, m
0.00
0.03
0.07
0.10
0.11
0.13

TCG Loss, m
0.30
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.25
0.23

New GZ, m
-0.30
-0.28
-0.19
0.00
0.12
0.25

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00
s
e
0
tr
e
m
,Z
G
-0.10

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

-0.20

-0.30

-0.40

Heel, degrees

Correct plot values method (1)

Correct curve shape (1)
The list angle can be found from the intersection of the curve and the x axis degrees. (1)
Note to examiners: marks will not be awarded to students who use small angle stability theory.

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Ten Solution

Part a)
The dynamic stability is the area under the righting moment curve. The righting moment can be
found by multiplying the GZ at each angle by the displacement of the ship. This gives the following
values:

Angle
0
10
20
30
40

GZ
0.00
0.12
0.28
0.55
0.82

Righting Moment
0.00
720.96
1682.24
3304.40
4926.56

Correct Righting Moment values (2)

Simpsons rules can be used to determine the area of the righting moment curve between 0 and 40
degrees:

Angle

GZ

Righting Moment

Simpson's Multiplier

0
10
20
30
40

0.00
0.12
0.28
0.55
0.82

0.00
720.96
1682.24
3304.40
4926.56

1
4
2
4
1
Total

Area
Product
0
2883.84
3364.48
13217.6
4926.56
24392.48

Correct Simpsons rule table (2)

Correct dynamic stability (2)

Part b)
The maximum list will occur with the load suspended at the maximum reach.
A loading table can be used to determine the KG with the mass suspended:

Item
Ship
Cargo Unstowed
Cargo Suspended

Mass (t)
6008.00
-60
60

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

KG (m)
6.40
0.00
33.00

Moment (tm)
38451.2
0.00
1980

Totals

6008.00

40431.20

Correct table method (1)

Correct table values (1)
( )
As the original KG is known, the change in KG can be found:
( )
Alternative method (full marks awarded):

A loading table can be used to determine the TCG with the mass suspended:

Item
Ship
Cargo Unstowed
Cargo Suspended
Totals

Mass (t)
6008.00
-60
60
6008.00

TCG (m)
0.00
0.00
18.00

Moment (tm)
0
0
1080
1080.00

Correct table method (1)

Correct table values (1)
( )
Alternative method (full marks awarded):

The effect on the GZ values can be determined using the following:

The change in GZ due to the KG change will be a loss, as KG has increased. Therefore at each angle,
the new GZ can be calculated:

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Angle
GZ
KG Correction
Degrees
metres
metres
0
0.00
0.00
10
0.12
0.06
20
0.28
0.11
30
0.55
0.17
40
0.82
0.21
Correct KG correction (2)
Correct TCG correction (2)
Correct final GZ (2)

TCG Correction
metres
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.14

As the GZ value at 20 degrees is zero, this must be the list angle.

Correct list (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Corrected GZ
metres
-0.18
-0.12
0.00
0.22
0.47

Question Eleven Solution

The values can be plotted:
0.35

0.30

0.25

0.20
s
re
t
e
m
Z,
G
0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Angle, degrees

Correct plot values (1)

Correct plot shape (1)

These values can be used to determine the area under the curve for each section in the regulations.
Between zero and 40 degrees:

Angle
0
10
20
30
40

GZ
0.00
0.03
0.10
0.27
0.29

Simpson's Multiplier
1
4
2
4
1
Total
Correct Simpson Table process (1)
Correct Simpson Table values (1)

Area Product
0
0.12
0.2
1.08
0.29
1.69

Correct Area (1)

Between 30 and 40 degrees:

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Angle
30
35
40

GZ
0.27
0.30
0.29

Simpson's Multiplier
1
4
1
Total
Correct Simpson Table process (1)
Correct Simpson Table values (1)

Area Product
0.27
1.2
0.29
1.76

( )
Correct Area (1)
The area between zero and 30 degrees can be found from the above values:

Correct Area (1)

The minimum area from zero to 30 degrees is 0.055 m Rad, therefore the vessel fails the criteria.
Correct criteria (1)
Correct conclusion(1)

The down-flooding angle can be interpolated from the hydrostatics. To the nearest degree, the
down-flooding angle is 36 degrees.
Correct DF angle (1)

From the GZ curve, the GZ value at 36 degrees is 0.3 metres.

Correct GZ and the DF angle (1)

This can be used to determine the area between the down-flooding angle and 40 degrees (assuming
that the curve is straight between these points):
(

( )

This allows the area from zero to down-flooding, and the area from 30 to down-flooding to be
found:
( )

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

The minimum area from zero to down-flooding is 0.09 m Rad, therefore the vessel fails the criteria.
Correct criteria (1)
Correct conclusion(1)

( )
The minimum area from 30 to down-flooding is 0.03 m Rad, therefore the vessel passes the criteria.
Correct criteria (1)
Correct conclusion(1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question 12
TABLE Q12
1

Draught Forward

4.000

FP Correction

Draught at FP

Draught Aft

AP Correction

Draught at AP

3.374(1)

True Trim

-0.659(1)

Draught (M) Port

3.623

Draught (M) Stb

3.735

10

Draught Midships
Mean

3.679(1)

11

Amidship Line
Correction

-0.020(1)

12

Draught at
Amidships

3.699(1)

13

Corrected
Midship Draught

14

TPC

15

Displacement

16

1st Trim Corrn. (Layer)

17

2nd Trim Corrn. (Form)

18

Corrected Displacement

3324.340
(1)

19

Dock Water
Displacement

3275.690
(1)

-0.033 (1)

4.033(1)

3.400

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

10.684(1)

-0.026 (1)

3.700(1)

LCF FOAP

46.505(1)

3348.00 (1)
(

-24.610 (3)

0.950 (3)

Question Thirteen Solution

Part A
The layer correction process must be used to determine the true mean draught. Initially
the mean draught must be found:
( )
At 4.46 metres, the LCF is 45.63 metres FOAP. (1) This allows the approximate true mean
draught to be found:
(

( )

At 4.50 metres, the LCF is 45.58 metres FOAP. (1) This allows a better value for true mean
draught to be found:
(

( )

Therefore the true mean draught can be taken to be 4.50 metres.

At 4.50 metres, the displacement in the hydrostatics is 4224.00 tonnes. (1) This must be
corrected for dock water:
( )
At 4.50 metres, the KM in the hydrostatics is 6.99 metres. (1)This does not need to be
corrected for dock water. At 4.50 metres, the MCTC in the hydrostatics is 51.00 tonne
metres. (1) This must be corrected for dock water:
( )
The up-thrust can be found at the critical instant:
(

( )

A loading table can be used to determine the effect on KG:

Item
Mass (t)
KG (m)
Ship
4178.67
6.82
Up-thrust
-95.19
0
Totals
4083.48
Correct table method (1)
Correct values (1)

Moment (tm)
28498.53
0
28498.53

( )
This allows GM to be found at the critical instant:
( )

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Part B
At the critical instant, the true mean draught will be the same as the draught forward, as
the trim will be zero. (1) The hydrostatics can be converted to dock water, and the
draught interpolated for the effective displacement of 4083.48 tonnes. (3) This gives a
value of 4.41 metres. (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Fourteen Solution

Part a)
At the displacement of 4001 tonnes, the hydrostatics can be found from the data book. This gives
the following values:
KM
MCTC
LCB
LCF

7.03
49.57
46.95
45.83

metres
tm
m FOAP
m FOAP

(4 marks one for each correct value)

These can be used to determine the trim of the vessel when re-floating:
(

( )

This can be used to determine the up-thrust acting on the vessel during re-floating:
( )
A loading table can be used to determine KG at the critical instant:

Item
Mass (t)
Ship
4001
Up-thrust
-32.45
Totals
3968.55
(1 marks for correct table method)
(2 marks for correct values)

KG (m)
6.93
0

Moment (tm)
27726.93
0
27726.93

( )
This can be used to determine GM at the critical instant:
( )
Therefore it would be safe to re-float the vessel. (2 marks for correct conclusion which MUST be
supported by the numerical evidence)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Part B)
At the moment when the bow lifts, the effective displacement will be the value from the loading
table determining KG at the critical instant. This gives a value of 3968.55 tonnes. (1 mark for correct
logic)
This can be used with the hydrostatics to determine the true mean draught of the vessel at the
critical instant via interpolation. This gives a value of 4.27 metres.
(2 marks for correct interpolation)
As the trim will be zero at the critical instant, the draught aft and forward will be the same as the
true mean draught at the critical instant, hence the draught aft and forward will be 4.27 metres.
(1 mark for correct logic)
Part C)
When the vessel lifts clear of the blocks, the draughts will be the same as they would be when the
vessel is free floating. The true mean draught can be found from the hydrostatics. This gives a value
of 4.30 metres at 4001.00 tonnes displacement. (1 mark for correct TMD)
As the other hydrostatic values are known, the draught aft can be calculated:
(

( )

The draught forward can then be found:

( )

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Fifteen Solution

Part A
At a displacement of 3220 tonnes, the LCF can be read off as 46.63 m FOAP (1), the MCTC can be
read off as 45.77 tm/cm (1), and the KM can be read off as 7.35m (1)
These values can be used to determine the up-thrust at the critical moment:

( )
A loading table can be used to determine the effect of the up-thrust on KG:
Item
Ship
Up-thrust
Totals
Correct table method (2)
Correct table values (1)

Mass (t)
3220
-88.34
3131.66

KG (m)
7.32
0

Moment (tm)
23570.40
0
23570.40

( )
This allows GM to be found at the critical instant:

( )
Part B
The GM value is negative, therefore there is a danger that the vessel will capsize during dry-docking.
(1) The initial trim could be reduced, to reduce the up-thrust and hence loss in GM, (1) or the initial
KG can be reduced. (1)
Part C
In order for GM to remain positive, KG must be less than KM.
Correct logic (1)
Therefore the KG during the dry-docking process must not be greater than 7.35 metres.
Correct value (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

The variation in the initial KG can be assumed to not change the trim, and so the up-thrust will
remain the same. A loading table can be used to determine the initial KG value which would give the
limiting KG:
Item
Ship
Up-thrust
Totals
Correct table method (1)
Correct table values (1)

Mass (t)
3220
-88.34
3131.66

KG (m)
x
0

Moment (tm)
3220 x
0
3220 x

( )
Therefore the initial KG of the vessel should not be greater than 7.35m. (1)
The resulting GM from this value can be found:
( )

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Sixteen Solution

Part A
As the two conditions are based on the true mean draught of the vessel, no layer correction is
required.
The displacement of the vessel at a draught of 5.30 metres in dock water can be determined from
the hydrostatics. At 5.30 metres in sea water, the displacement would be 5150.00 tonnes. (1)
This can be converted to the dock water displacement:
( )
The displacement of the vessel at a draught of 7.00 metres in sea water can be determined from the
hydrostatics. At 7.00 metres in sea water, the displacement would be 7329.00 tonnes. (1) As the sea
is salt water, no corrections are needed.
The difference between the displacements must be the cargo to load:
( )
Part B
The conditions are both based on true mean draughts, so no draught correction is required. In the
initial condition, the hydrostatics, corrected for density as appropriate, can be used to determine the
initial LCG of the vessel.
The SW LCB initially is 46.55 m FOAP. This does not require correction for density. The SW MCTC
initially is 58.57tm. This must be corrected for density, which gives a value of 57.71 tm.
(

Note to examiners full marks for this stage will be awarded to students who do not correct the
displacement and MCTC in the above trim formula, provided that they make a positive statement
to the effect that the correction would cancel, and they show this in their workings.
In the final condition, the vessel is on an even keel, therefore the LCB must equal the LCG. No
correction for density is required for the LCB. In the final condition, the LCB and hence LCG is 45.40
metres FOAP. (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Assuming that x tonnes of cargo is loaded in the aft hold, 2254.37 x tonnes of cargo must be
loaded in the forward hold. (1) A loading table can be used to determine the distribution of the
cargo.

Item
Ship
Aft Cargo
Fwd Cargo
Totals
Correct method (2)
Correct values (2)

Mass (t)
5074.63
x
2254.37-x
7329.00

LCG (m FOAP)
47.32
30
85

( )

Moment (tm)
240131.4916
30x
191621.45-85x
431752.9416-55x

( )

Therefore 1800.3 tonnes must be loaded in the aft hold, and in the forward hold:
( )
Therefore 454.07 tonnes must be loaded in the forward hold.
Correct value (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Seventeen Solution

Part a)
At the true mean draught of 5.00 metres, the hydrostatics can be determined. This gives a value of
2.71 metres for KB and 6.93 metres for KM.
Correct KB (1)
Correct KM (1)
This allows GM to be found:
( )
The diameter of the turn can be used to find the radius of the turn:
( )
The speed can be found in metres per second:
( )
The heel angle can be found:

( )

( )

Part b)
To limit the heel to an angle of 10 degrees, the maximum turn radius can be found:
(

( )

( )

The radius of the turn can be used to find the diameter of the turn:
( )
Part c)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

The heeled draught can be found:

( )
The percentage increase can be found:
(

( )

Part d)
The centripetal force acting on the vessel acts in towards the turn centre. (1)
This acts through the centre of buoyancy. (1)
The centrifugal force acting on the vessel acts out from the turn centre. (1)
This acts through the centre of gravity. (1)
As G is normally above B, this will create a heeling moment acting outwards from the turn centre. (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Eighteen Solution

Part A
The mean draught can be found:
( )
The LCF can be found at 3.150 metres, giving a value of 47.028 metres FOAP. (1)
This can be used to determine the approximate true mean draught:
(

)(

( )
The LCF can be found at 3.153 metres, giving a value of 47.026 metres FOAP. (1)
This can be used to determine a more accurate value for the true mean draught:
(

)(

( )
Note to examiners the second loop need not be included IF students have commented on the
accuracy of the process and the value obtained. Marks will be awarded to students who complete
the process with two decimal places, but not to students who only use the mean draught, or who
interpolate by eye.
Therefore the true mean draught can be taken as 3.153 metres. (1)
At this draught, the displacement in sea water is 2773.12 tonnes. (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Part B
For both of the steps, the GM can be found from:
(

For Step 3:
(

(
(

( )

For Step 12:

(
(

(
(

( )

The mean GM can be determined:

( )
The KM can be found at a draught of 3.153 metres. This gives 7.680 metres. (1) This allows the KG in
the above condition to be found:
(

( )

A loading table can be used to remove the masses and staff to return to the lightship condition:
Item
Ship
Masses
Staff
Totals

Mass
2773.12
-72
-3.000
2698.12

KG
7.077
13.000
12.000

Moment
19625.37024
-936
-36
18653.37

Correct loading table method (2)

Correct loading table values (1)
( )
Therefore the lightship KG is 6.913 metres, (1) with a lightship displacement of 2698.12 tonnes. (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Question Nineteen Solution

Part A
The displacement can be interpolated from the hydrostatics:
( )
The mass of water in the pool can be found from the dimensions of the pool and the density of the
water:
( )
The KG of water in the pool can be found from the dimensions of the pool and the height of the base
of the pool above the keel:
( )
The FSM of the water in the pool can be found, and corrected for density:
( )
A loading table can be used to determine the displacement and effective KG after filling the pool:
Item
Ship
Pool Water
Pool FSM
Totals

Mass (t)
5615.00
230.63
0.00
5845.63

KG (m)
6.73
15.00
0.00

Moment (tm)
37788.95
3459.38
2882.81
44131.14

Correct table methodology, with correct units and labels (1)

Correct total table values (1)
( )
At the new displacement of 5845.63t, the KM can be interpolated to be 6.98m (2). This allows the
effective GM to be found:
( )

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Part B
The limiting KG can be found after filling the pool so that GM is at least 0.50m:
( )
A loading table can be used to determine the displacement and effective KG after filling the pool,
with x as the initial ship KG:
Item
Ship
Pool Water
Pool Water FSM
Totals

Mass (t)
5615.00
230.63
0
5845.63

KG(m)
x
15.00
0

Correct table methodology, with correct units and labels (2)

Correct total table values (2)

Correct KG methodology (1)

Correct transposition (2)
Correct solution with units (1)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Moment (tm)
5615.00x
3459.38
2882.81
5615.00x+6342.19

Question Twenty Solution

Part A
The structural rate can be found by dividing the lightship displacement by the length:
( )
The buoyancy rate can be found by dividing the loaded displacement by the length:
(

( )

The cargo load rate in the end holds can be found by dividing the cargo mass by the hold length:
(

( )

The cargo load rate in the amidships hold can be found by dividing the cargo mass by the hold
length:
(

( )

The overall load in the end holds can be found:

( )
The overall load in the amidships holds can be found:

( )
These values can be plotted on the load diagram:

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

LOAD
10

m
t/
, 2
ad
o
L
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-2

-4

-6

Position, m FOAP

Correct diagram (1)

Part B
The area in each section of the load diagram can be found:

Correct integration (2)

These can be summed to give the shear force at amidships and each bulkhead:

Correct summation (2)

These values can be plotted to give the shear force diagram:

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

90

SHEAR FORCE
150

100

50

t
,
e
cr
o
F
ar
e
h
S

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

-50

-100

-150

Position, m FOAP

Correct diagram (1)

Question XXXX Part C
The area in each section of the Shear Force diagram can be found:

Correct integration (3)

These can be summed to give the bending moment at amidships and each bulkhead:

Correct summation (3)

These can be plotted to give the bending moment diagram:

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

90

Bending Moment
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

-500

-1000

t
,
ce
r
o
F -1500
ra
e
h
S

-2000

-2500

-3000

Correct diagram (2)

2012 Warsash Maritime Academy

Position, m FOAP

60

70

80

90