Bank Security System Using RFID Reader

Bank Security System
Project Report 2014-2015
INTRODUCTION
In today's modern world, security plays an important role. Every person has precious
accessories like gold, jewelry or cash. It is not enough to have these accessories, but
security of this is very important, for this purpose we keep them in bank lockers. Still
we often hear or read in news paper that some fake person has access the locker of
another person and have stolen money.
In order to overcome this type of frauds, authentification of the person who wants to
use the locker is very important,. In this project; we are designing advance security
systems for banking which will ensure the guanine access of the locker overcoming
all the misuses. For this we are using microcontroller, RFID reader, Finger print
module, and LCD. The RFID reader reads the details of the RFID passport .The
RFID acts as a medium to retrieve data from server .The output of RFID reader is
serially communicated to PIC and sends the data wirelessly with the help of ZigBee
transceiver. On the other side the other ZigBee receiver receives the details and sends
to the server. Here, the server compares with the data already there. If it matches, the
fingerprint module will be activated. The person is allowed to press on that module.
If the data matches with fingerprint library, then the person is allowed, less he would
be termed as a criminal by giving an alarm/buzzing signal. The PIC displays the
details through the LCD connected at the port .
Dept. Of Electronics
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CASE STUDY
NEED FOR BANK SECURITY SYSTEM
There is a saying that NECESSITIES IS THE MOTHER OF ALL INVENTIONS.
Which in a more advanced version would read APPLICATION DRIVES THE
TECHNOLOGY? Going by those lines, we would like to highlight some areas of
work where our project has some potential use. Our project is basically concerned
with banking locker systems. It is about taking all the security parameters and
compare it with what is in the database and react accordingly. These applications are
possible due to some of the advantages of our work.
The are as follows:
1. User friendly
2. Applications at major banks
3. Software in embedded C
4. Easy interfacing with PC .
We decided to do a project on smart bank locker access system in the seventh
semester. The idea came to us while searching for topics on which to do project
work. We always wanted to put theory that we studied into practice. Our inspiration
in this direction was our subject embedded system in which we studied the principles
governing real time application.
In this first couple of months we spent searching topics for project work, we came
across numerous instances of the rapid advancements made in the field of bank
security system as described in various journals and magazines as well as over the
internet.
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Existing Methods of using bank locker
Use of keysMost of the banks in India gives key to the bank locker for the accessing
of locker. Usually there are two keys of the bank locker one belongs to locker holder
and other is given to the manager of the bank.
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Drawbacks of using key as a security for accessing locker
There are number of drawbacks of using key as a security for accessing locker like
1. The key can be lost and the locker holder suffer the different headache of getting
new key as well as he cant use the locker in mean time.
2. The key can be stolen or duplicate key can be easily made and unauthorized
person can access the locker.
While searching on the various methods used for the security application, we have
come across number of advance technique of security, these security methods really
temptated us and we are inspired to use the best among them, combination of three.
The methods we have chosen for our project, they are widely used in many vital
areas where security requirement is very severe as well as these methods assures
100% security.
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HARDWARE STUDY
BLOCK DIAGRAM
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BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

POWER SUPPLY
The power supply section is the important for any electronics circuits. To derive the
power supply, the 230V, 50Hz AC mains is stepped down by transformer X1 to
deliver a secondary output of 12V, 500 mA. The transformer output is rectified by a
full-wave rectifier comprising diodes D1 through D4, filtered by capacitor C1 and
regulated by ICs 7812 (IC2) and 7805 (IC3). Capacitor C2 bypasses the ripples
present in the regulated supply. LED1 acts as the power indicator and R1 limits the
current through LED1.The power supply section is shown in the fig
MICRO CONTROLLER
The microcontroller PIC 18F24J50 is used in this project. It is the brain of the project
and it controls the entire working of this project.
LCD
LCD unit is used to display the details about the person and the key number.
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SERIAL PORT (RS 232std)

An asynchronous used to enable serial communication and capable of
transmitting a bit at a time.
BUZZER
It is used to produce beep sound.
MAX232
The serial interface used here is the MAX 232. Max 232 converts RS232 voltage
levels to TTL voltage levels and TTL voltage to RS232. It provides 2-channel
RS232C ports and 2- channel TTL ports. Since RS232 is not compatible with todays
microprocessors and microcontrollers we need a line driver to convert the RS232Ss
signals to TTL voltage levels that will be acceptable to the todays microprocessor
pins. One example of such a converter is MAX232 from Maxim Corporation.
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INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform a
dedicated function. Unlike a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer,
an embedded system performs one or a few pre-defined tasks, usually with very
specific requirements, and often includes task-specific hardware and mechanical
parts not usually found in a general-purpose computer. Since the system is dedicated
to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the
product. Embedded systems are often mass-produced, benefiting from economies of
scale. Physically embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital
watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory
controllers, or the systems controlling nuclear power plants. In terms of complexity
embedded systems run from simple, with a single microcontroller chip, to very
complex with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside a large chassis
or enclosure.
Mobile phones or handheld computers share some elements with embedded
systems, such as the operating systems and microprocessors which power them, but
are not truly embedded systems themselves because they tend to be more general
purpose, allowing different applications to be loaded and peripherals to be connected.
a) OVERVIEW
Embedded systems run the computing devices hidden inside a vast array of everyday
products and appliances such as cell phones, toys, handheld PDAs, cameras, and
microwave ovens. Cars are full of them, as are airplanes, satellites, and advanced
military and medical equipments. As applications grow increasingly complex, so do
the complexities of the embedded computing devices. The goal of this course is to
develop a comprehensive understanding of the technologies behind the embedded
systems design. The students develop an appreciation of the existing capabilities and
limitations of various steps in overall design methodology - modeling/specification,
exploration,
partitioning,
synthesis
(hardware/software/interface),
validation/verification of embedded systems
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and
b) CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a
general-purpose computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real-time
Performance constraints that must be met, for reason such as safety and
usability; others may have low or no performance requirements, allowing the
system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs.
Embedded systems are not always separate devices. Most often they are
physically built-in to the devices they control
The software written for embedded systems is often called firmware, and is
stored in read-only memory or Flash memory chips rather than a disk drive. It
often runs with limited computer hardware resources: small or no keyboard,
screen, and little memory.
c) ADVANTAGES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Higher performance: The integration of various ICs shortens the traveling
route and time of data to be transmitted resulting in higher performance.
Lower power consumption: The integration of various ICs eliminates buffers
and other interface circuits. As the number of components is reduced, less
power will be consumed.
Slimmer and more compact: Housed in a single separate package, the chip is
smaller in size and therefore occupies less space on the PCB. Hence products
using embedded system are slimmer and more compact.
Reduced design and development system: The system on a chip provides all
functionality required by the system. System designers need not worry about
the basic function of the system-right from the beginning of the design phase,
they can focus on the development features. As a result, the time spends on
research and development is reduced and this in turn reduces the time to
market of their products.
Lower system costs: In the past, several chips in separate packages were
required to configure a system. Now, just one system on-chip can replace all
of these, dramatically reducing the packaging cost.
MICROCONTROLLERS VERSUS
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MICROPROCESSORS
The microprocessor is a clock driven semiconductor device consisting of electronic
logic circuits. By microprocessor is meant the general purpose microprocessors such
as Intels x86 family. These microprocessors contain no RAM, no ROM, and no I/O
ports on the chip itself.
The microprocessors is capable of performing various computing functions
And making decisions to change the sequence of program execution. The
microprocessor is in many ways similar to CPU but includes all the logic circuitry
including the control unit, on one chip. The microprocessor is divided mainly into
three segments they are Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Register Array and Control
Unit.
Arithmetic Logic Unit This is the area of the microprocessor where various
computing functions are performed on data. The ALU performs such arithmetic
operations as additions and subtractions, and such logic functions as AND, OR, and
exclusive OR.
Register Array This area of microprocessors consists of various registers
.These registers are primarily used to store data temporarily during the execution of a
program and are accessible to the user through instructions.
Control unit The control unit provides the necessary timing and control
signals to all the operations in the microcomputer. It controls the flow of data
between the microprocessor and memory and peripherals.
A microcontroller has a CPU in addition to a fixed amount of RAM, ROM
I/O ports and a timer all on a single chip. The fixed amount of on chip ROM, RAM
and number of I/O ports in microcontrollers make them ideal for many applications
in which cost and space are critical.
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Criteria for choosing a microcontroller:

1. The first and foremost criteria are that it must meet the task at hand efficiently
and cost effectively. In analyzing the need for microcontroller-based project, first see
whether an 8-bit, 16-bit or 32-bit microcontroller can best handle the computing the
needs of the task most effectively. Other considerations are:
Speed.
Packaging.
Power consumptions.
The amount of RAM and ROM on chip.
The number of I/O pins and timer on the chip.
Cost per unit
2. The second criteria in choosing a microcontroller are how easy it is to develop

product around it.
3. The third criterion is its ready availability in needed quantities both now and in
future
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PIC 18F24J50
Low-Power, High-Speed CMOS Flash Technology
C Compiler Optimized Architecture for Re-Entrant Code

Priority Levels for Interrupts
Self-Programmable under Software Control
8 x 8 Single-Cycle Hardware Multiplier
Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT): - Programmable period from 4 ms to 131s
Single-Supply In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) via two pins
In-Circuit Debug (ICD) w/Three Breakpoints via 2 Pins
Operating Voltage Range of 2.0V to 3.6V
On-Chip 2.5V Regulator
Flash Program Memory of 10,000 Erase/Write Cycles Minimum and 20-Year Data
Retention
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PIC18F24J 50
CHIP DIAGRAM
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ACCUMULATOR
Acc is the Accumulator register.
The mnemonics for Accumulator specific
instructions, however, refer to the accumulator simply as A.
B REGISTER
The B register is used during multiply and divide operations. For other instructions it
can be treated as another scratch pad register.
STACK POINTER
The stack pointer register is 8 bits wide. It is incremented before data is stored
during PUSH and CALL executions.
DATA POINTER
The Data pointer (DTPR) consists of a high byte and a low byte. Its functions are to
hold a 16-bit address. It may be manipulated as 16-bit register or as two independent
8-bit registers.
SERIAL DATA BUFFER

The serial data buffer is actually two separate registers, a transmit buffer and a
receive buffer register. When data is moved to serial data buffer, it goes to the
transmit buffer, where it is held for serial transmission. When data is moved from
serial data buffer, it comes from the receive buffer
TIMER REGISTERS
Register pairs (THO, TLO), (THI, TLI) and (TH 2, TL2) are the 16-bit counter register
for timer/counter 0,1 and 2 respectively.
CONTROL REGISTERS
Special function registers IP, IF, TMOD, TCON, T 2CON, T2 MOD, SCON and
PCON contain control and status bits for the interrupt system, the timer/counters and
the serial port.
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MCLR :- The Master Clear pin is an optional external reset that is activated
by pulling the
pin low. The MCLR pin can be setup as an standard digital
input pin or be enabled as an external reset pin. This is controlled by a
configuration setting.
VCC:- Digital supply voltage.

GND :-Ground.
Port A (RA7..RA0) :-Port A serves as the analog inputs to the A/D Converter.
Port A also serves as an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port, if the A/D Converter is
not used. Port pins can provide internal pull-up resistors (selected for each
bit). The Port A output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with
both high sink and source capability. When pins RA0 to RA7 are used as
inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current if the internal
pull-up resistors are activated. The Port A pins are tri-stated when a reset
condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.
Port B (RB7..RB0) :-Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal

pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port B output buffers have
symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability.
As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the
pull-up resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset
condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.
Port C
(RC7..RC0) :-Port C is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up

resistors (selected for each bit). The Port C output buffers have symmetrical
drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port
C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition
becomes active, even if the clock is not running.
RST
Reset input a high on-this pin for two-machine cycles while the oscillator is running
resets the device.
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ALE/PROG
Address latch enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during
accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input during flash
programming. In normal operations ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/16 the
oscillator frequency, and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes.
PSEN
Program store enable is the read strobe to external program memory, when the
microcontroller is executing code from external program memory locations. EA
should be strapped to vie for internal program executions.
This pin also receives the 12 VOH programming enable voltage (V pp) during flash
programming for parts that require 12 volt Vpp.
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CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
XTAL 1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the Internal
clock operating circuit.

XTAL 2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier
XTAL 1 and XTAL 2 are the input and output, respectively of an inverting
amplifier, which can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator, as shown
in figure (1). Either a quartz crystal or ceramic resonator may be used.
They are no requirements on the duly cycle of the external clock signal, since
the input to the internal clocking circuitry is through a divide by two flip flop, but
minimum and maximum voltage, high and low time specifications must be observed.
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LM7805 VOLTAGE REGULATOR

These are monolithic integrated circuits designed as fixed voltage
regulators for a wide variety of applications including local, on card regulation.
These regulators employ internal current limiting, thermal solution and safe area
compensation. They can also be used with external components to obtain
adjustable voltages and current. Its features are,
Output Current up to 1A
Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24
Thermal Overload Protection
Short Circuit Protection
Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection
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MAX232
The MAX232 is an IC, first created in 1987 by Maxim Integrated Products, that
converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL
compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically
converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals.
The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. 7.5 V) from a
single + 5 V supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. This makes it
useful for implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise do not need any voltages
outside the 0 V to + 5 V range, as power supply design does not need to be made
more complicated just for driving the RS-232 in this case.
The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as high as 25 V), to
standard 5 V TTL levels. These receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3 V, and a
typical hysteresis of 0.5 V.
Pin out diagram
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LCD
LCD PIN DESCRIPTION
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RFID Module and RFID Tag

RFID stands for Radio frequency identification. It is an automatic identification
technology where digital data encoded in an RFID tag is read by the RFID reader. An
RFID system consists of a reader device and a tag (transponder). A tag has a unique
serial number which is identified by the reader. In this project, RFID has been
interfaced with microcontroller to provide secured access. The relevant messages are
also displayed on a 16x2 LCD.
RFID Reader Module, are also called as interrogators. They convert radio waves
returned from the RFID tag into a form that can be passed on to Controllers, which
can make use of it. RFID tags and readers have to be tuned to the same frequency in
order to communicate. RFID systems use many different frequencies. The tag
contains an antenna connected to a small microchip. The reader functions similarly to
a barcode scanner; however, while a barcode scanner uses a laser beam to scan the
barcode, an RFID scanner uses electromagnetic waves. To transmit these waves, the
reader uses an antenna that transmits a signal, communicating with the tags antenna.
The tags antenna receives data from the reader and transmits its particular chip
information to the reader. The data on the chip is usually stored in one of two types
of memory. The most common is ReadOnly Memory (ROM) as its name suggests,
read-only memory cannot be altered once programmed onto the chip during the
manufacturing process. The second type of memory is Read/Write Memory; though
it is also programmed during the manufacturing process, it can later be altered by
certain devices.
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Fingerprint Identification Module
Fingerprint processing includes two parts: fingerprint enrollment and

fingerprint matching (the matching can be 1:1 or 1:N). When enrolling, user needs to
enter the finger two times. The system will process the two time finger images,
generate a template of the finger based on processing results and store the template.
When matching, user enters the finger through optical sensor and system will
generate a template of the finger and compare it with templates of the finger library.
For 1:1 matching, system will compare the live finger with specifc template
designated in the Module; for 1:N matching, or searching, system will search the
whole finger library for the matching finger. In both circumstances, system will
return the matching result, success or failure.
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Main Parameters of FP module:-
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IC 4066
The 4066 contains 4 analogue bilateral switches, each with an active-high enable
input (A) and two input/outputs (X and Y). When the enable input is set high, the X
and Y terminals are connected by a low impedance; this is the on condition. When
the enable is low, there is a high impedance path between X and Y, and the switch
is off.
The 4066 is pin-compatible with the 4016, but has a significantly
lower on impedance and more constant on resistance over the full range of input
voltage. Therefore, the 4066 is preferable to the 4016 in most cases.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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SOFTWARE STUDY
EMBEDDED C
An embedded hardware device, depending on its size and capabilities, can have an
operating systemsuch as embedded Linuxwith limited or minimal functionality
compared to a desktop version. For very small embedded devices, an OS might be
entirely absent: it is not possible to write programs, compile, and run and debug the
code in such small devices. In such a situation, it is necessary to use cross compilers
(or assemblers), which compile programs written in a high-level language on a host
system (typically a PC) and generate code for a target system (for example, an
embedded device). If we write assembly programs and use an assembler running on
a host to generate code for a target device, it is a cross assembler. So, we can write
programs on our PC generate code for the embedded device and run it there. This
solves the problem of creating executable code for embedded systems, but testing,
debugging or tracing embedded programs are difficult.
LANGUAGES FOR PROGRAMMING EMBEDDED DEVICES
C is the language of choice for most of the programming done for embedded
systems. It might appear that assembly language is intuitively the most obvious
choice, since embedded programming is all about programming hardware devices
such as microcontrollers. It is true that micro-controllers were initially programmed
mostly in assembly language as with other embedded devices. It is not that difficult
to write an assembly program since the assembly language produces the tightest
code, making it possible to squeeze every possible byte of memory usage. However,
the problem is that it becomes difficult to use for any reasonably-sized program, and
even a slightly complicated device. The difficulties are in getting assembly
programs to work correctly; and understanding, debugging, testing and, most
importantly, maintaining them in the long run.
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Also, high quality C compilers can often generate code that is comparable to the
speed of programs written in assembly. So, the benefits of using assembly for
efficiency are negligible compared to the ease with which programmers can write C
code. However, if performance is the key to make or break a device, then it is hard to
beat assembly. For example, DSP (digital signal processing) devices are mostly
programmed in assembly even today, because performance is the most important
requirement in these devices. Languages such as C++ have features that are often
bulky, inefficient or inappropriate for use in resource constrained environments
such as embedded devices. In particular, virtual functions and exception handling
are two language features that are not efficient in terms of space and speed in
embedded systems. Sometimes, C++ programming is used as Safe C, where
only a small subset of C++ features is included. However, for convenience, most
embedded projects pragmatically use C itself. Languages with managed
runtimes, such as Java, are mostly heavyweight. Running Java programs requires
a Java Virtual Machine, which can take up a lot of resources.
Though Java is popular in high-end mobile phones because of the portability it
provides and for browsing the Web, it is rarely suitable for use in small embedded
devices. There are numerous special purposes or proprietary languages meant to
be used in embedded systems such as B# and Dynamic C. Others, like Forth, are
also well suited for the purpose. However, C is widely used and familiar to
programmers worldwide, and its tools are easily available.
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CHARACTERESTICS OF EMBEDDED C
Like most imperative languages in the ALGOL tradition, C has facilities for
structured programming and allows lexical variable scope and recursion, while a
static type system prevents many unintended operations. In C, all executable
Code is contained within functions. Function parameters are always passed by
value. Pass-by-reference is achieved in C by explicitly passing pointer values.
Heterogeneous aggregate data types (struct) allow related data elements to be
combined and manipulated as a unit. C program source text is free-format, using the
semicolon as a statement terminator (not a delimiter).
C also exhibits the following more specific characteristics:
Lack of nested function definitions
Variables may be hidden in nested blocks
Partially weak typing; for instance, characters can be used as integers
Low-level access to computer memory by converting machine addresses to typed
pointers
Function and data pointers supporting ad hoc run-time polymorphism
Array indexing as a secondary notion, defined in terms of pointer arithmetic
A preprocessor for macro definition, source code file inclusion, and conditional
compilation
Complex functionality such as I/O, string manipulation, and mathematical
functions consistently delegated to library routines
A relatively small set of reserved keywords
A lexical structure that resembles B more than ALGOL, for example
{ ... } rather than ALGOL's begin ... end
the equal-sign is for assignment (copying), much like Fortran
two consecutive equal-signs are to test for equality (compare to .EQ. in Fortran or
the equal-sign in BASIC)
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&& and || in place of ALGOL's and or (these are semantically distinct from the
bit-wise operators & and | because they will never evaluate the right operand if
the result can be determined from the left alone (short-circuit evaluation)).
FLOW CHART
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EMBEDDED C PROGRAM
#include<htc.h>
#include<string.h>
#include"lcd5.c"
#define SWITCH1_FINGER RA3
#define SWITCH2_RFID RA2
#define buzzer RA5
#define red_led RC0
#define green_led RC1
#define _XTAL_FREQ 10000000
#define ack 0x07
void request(void);
void initialize(void);
void server_init(void);
bit checksum_calculation(unsigned char *fp,unsigned char);
void send_serial2(unsigned char *serial2,unsigned char);
void send_serial1(unsigned char *serial1,unsigned char);
void split(unsigned char *fp3,unsigned char);
void initialvalues(void);
//*******************************************************************
*************************************
unsigned int t_num;
unsigned char
search[]={0xEF,0x1,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1,0x0,0x3,0x1,0x0,0x5};
unsigned char
charfile[]={0xEF,0x1,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1,0x0,0x4,0x2,0x1,0x0,0x8};
unsigned char
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compare[]={0xEF,0x1,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1,0x0,0x8,0x1B,0x1,0x0,0x0,0x1,0x
0x1,0x0,0x27};
unsigned char
tempreq[]={0xEF,0x1,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1,0x0,0x4,0x9,0x1,0x0,0xF}
unsigned char
nofinger[]={0xEF,0x1,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFA,0x07,0x00,0x03,0x02,0x00,0x0C};
unsigned char
resend[]={0xEF,0x1,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFA,0x07,0x00,0x03,0x04,0x00,0x0E};
unsigned char
ok[]={0xEF,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFA,0x07,0x00,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x0A};
unsigned char
templocation[]={0xEF,0x1,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1,0x0,0x6,0x6,0x1};
unsigned char
deletefull[]={0xEF,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1,0x0,0x03,0x0D,0x00,0x11};
unsigned char
deletebylocation[]={0xEF,0x1,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x01,0x00,0x07,0x0C};
enum statetype
{idle,srch,chrf,cmpr,match,mmatch,tmpreq,over,downloadcmplte,deleteall,deleteloca
tion}state;
//*******************************************************************
****************************************
#define U1R
RC7
//UART 1 Receive pin
#define U1T
RC6 //UART 1 Transmit pin
#define U2R RPINR1 //UART 2 Receive pin

#define U2T RPOR0 //UART 2 Transmit pin;
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#define U2T_REG 5
#define U2R_PIN 1
#define EINT0 RB0 //Interrupt 0 RB0
#define EINT1 RPINR1 //Interrupt 1 RP11
#define EINT1_PIN 11 //Interrupt 1 RP11
//*************************************************
unsigned int t_num;
unsigned char t_var = 255, t_cnt = 0, i=0, j=0,s=0;
unsigned char rcv_Buffer[50];
unsigned char rcv_server[50];
unsigned char name[20],tot[10],prize[10];
unsigned char rcv_Buffer_pos1 = 0;
unsigned char rcv_Buffer_pos2 = 0;
unsigned char rcvd_RfidTag_f = 0;
unsigned char rcvd_ServerData_f = 0;
unsigned char clr_lcd_f = 0;
unsigned char clr_string_f = 0;
unsigned char count1=0,count2=0,count3=0;
unsigned char server_char = 0;
unsigned char server_Data_pos[8];
unsigned char namerequest[]="name";
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unsigned char sequence_count=0,packet_size=0;

unsigned char rcv_thmp[30];
int rfid=2,rfidn=2,rfidalready=2,fingvalid=2,fingnvalid=2,votemarked_status=2;
//*******************************************************************
**********
bit rcve_flag=0,no_finger=0,length_calc=0,checksum_bit=0,length_calc2=0,
rcvd_server_f=0,rcvd_thmp_f=0,finger_valid_flag=0, checksum_bit1=0,
template_request=0,download_complete=0,length_calc3=0,before_scan=0,
after_scan=0,server_resend=0,dataresendbit=0,connection_problem=0,
adress_bit=0,delete_all=0,delete_location=0,checksum_calculation_routine=0,startin
gbit=0;
bit rfid_validbit=0,
rfid_received_flag=0,server_rcved_flag=0,candidate1_bit=0,candidate2_bit=0,candi
date3_bit=0,candidate4_bit=0,namerequest_bit=0;
//*******************************************************************
*************
unsigned char location_msb=0,location_lsb=0,datacopysize=0;
unsigned char rcve_count=0,sizeoftemplocation=0;
unsigned char rcv_thmp_pos = 0;
unsigned char check_sum=0;
unsigned char sizeofsearch=0,sizeofcharfile=0,sizeofcompare=0,sizeoftempreq=0;
unsigned char
sizeofdeletebylocation=0,sizeofdeletefull=0,location_msb1=0,location_lsb1;
unsigned char
original_checksum=0,buffer_location1=0,packet_size2=0,sequence_count2=0,rcv_se
rver_count=0;
//*************************************************
void my_delay(unsigned int b)
{
CAS Vattamkulam
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while(--b)
{
__delay_ms(10);
}
}
//*************************************************
void init_reqd()
{
//Initialize all
GIE = 0;
//TRISC = 0;
//E1=0;
//E2E3=0;
EECON2 = 0x55;
EECON2 = 0xAA;
PPSCON = 0; //for UART2 asigned at pins Rx=3,Tx=2
RPINR16 = 1;
RPOR0= 5;
U2R= U2R_PIN;
U2T= U2T_REG;
//EINT1= EINT1_PIN; //Ext. int. 1,2,3
//EINT2= EINT2_PIN;
//EINT3= EINT3_PIN;
//EECON2 = 0x55;
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//EECON2= 0xAA;
PPSCON = 1;
USBEN = 0;//disable USB
UTRDIS = 1;
//INT0IE = 1; //Ext. Interrupts
//INT1IE = 0;
//INT2IE = 0;
//INT3IE = 0;
//INTEDG0 = 0; //Falling Edge
//INTEDG1 = 0;
//INTEDG2 = 0;
//INTEDG3 = 0;
//TRISC2 = 0; //test only
GIE = 1;
PEIE = 1;
//TRISC0=0;
//RC0=1;
//TRISB=0X00;
PCFG1 = 1;
PCFG0 = 1;
PCFG8 = 1;
PCFG9 = 1;
PCFG10=1;
PCFG11 = 1;
PCFG12=1;
PCFG4 = 1;
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PCFG3 = 1;
PCFG2 = 1;
PCFG1 = 1;
PCFG0 = 1;
TRISC0=0;
TRISC1=0;
TRISC2=0;
TRISB0=1;
TRISB1=0;
TRISB2=0;
TRISB3=0;
TRISB4=0;
TRISB5=0;
TRISB6=0;
TRISB7=0;
TRISA2=0;
TRISA3=0;
TRISA5=0;
TRISC7 =1;
TRISC6=0;
TRISA0=0;
TRISA1=1;
}
//**************************************************
void init_timer()
{
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GIE=1;
PEIE=1;
TMR0IE=0;
T0CON=0B00000100;
}
//**************************************************
void init_serial_ports()
{
SPEN = 1;
SYNC = 0;
BRGH = 1;
BRG16 = 0;
SPBRG = 79; //9600 @ 10MHz
TXEN = 1;
CREN = 1;
RC1IE = 1;
SPEN2 = 1;
SYNC2 = 0;
BRGH2 = 1;
BRG162 = 0;
SPBRG2 = 79;
TXEN2 = 1;
CREN2 = 1;
RC2IE = 1;
PCFG1 = 1;
PCFG0 = 1;
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TRISC7 = 1;
SWITCH1_FINGER=0;
my_delay(2);
SWITCH2_RFID=1;
my_delay(2);
}
//**************************************************
void put_serial1(unsigned char c)
{
while(!TRMT);
TXREG = c;
}
void put_serial2(unsigned char c)
{
while(!TRMT2);
TXREG2 = c;
}
void puts_serial1(const unsigned char *c)
{
while(*c)
put_serial1(*c++);
}
//**************************************************
//interrupt Function
void interrupt fn_isr_hp(void)
CAS Vattamkulam
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{
if(RC1IF==1&&rfid_validbit==0)
{
RC1IF=0;
rcv_Buffer[rcv_Buffer_pos1] = RCREG;
//put_serial2(rcv_Buffer[rcv_Buffer_pos1]); //test only
if(rcv_Buffer[rcv_Buffer_pos1-1]==0xD&&rcv_Buffer[rcv_Buffer_pos1]==0X0A)
{
rcvd_RfidTag_f =1;
rcv_Buffer_pos1 = 0;
clr_string_f = 1;
//put_serial1('S');
RC1IF=0;
}
rcv_Buffer_pos1++;
}
if(RC1IF==1&&rfid_validbit==1)
{
RC1IF=0;
switch(sequence_count)
{
case 0: if(RCREG==0XEF)
sequence_count=1;
break;
case 1: if(RCREG==0X01)
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sequence_count=2;
else if(RCREG==0XEF)
sequence_count=1;
else
sequence_count=0;
break;
case 2: if(RCREG==0XFF)
sequence_count=3
sequence_count=1;
else
sequence_count=0;
break;
sequence_count=4;
sequence_count=1;
else
sequence_count=0
break;
sequence_count=5;
sequence_count=1;
else
sequence_count=0;
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break;
sequence_count=6;
sequence_count=1;
else
sequence_count=0;
break;
case 6:sequence_count=7;
break;
}
if(sequence_count>6)
{
rcv_thmp[rcve_count]=RCREG;
rcv_thmp[rcve_count+1]='\0';
//Finding Packet Size
if(rcve_count==2)
{
packet_size=(rcv_thmp[1]*0x100+rcv_thmp[2])+3;
length_calc=1;
}
//Stop Recieving
if(rcve_count>=packet_size-1 && length_calc==1)
{
rcvd_thmp_f=1;
sequence_count=0;
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length_calc=0;
}
rcve_count++;
}
}
if(RC2IF)
{
RC2IF=0;
rcv_server[rcv_Buffer_pos2] = RCREG2;
//put_serial2(RCREG2);
if(rcv_server[rcv_Buffer_pos2-1]==0xD&&rcv_server[rcv_Buffer_pos2]==0X0A)
{
rcvd_ServerData_f = 1;
//rcv_Buffer_pos2=0;
RC2IF=0;
clr_string_f = 1;
//RC0=0;
//put_serial2('S');
}
rcv_Buffer_pos2++;
}
if(TMR0IF)
{
TMR0IF =0;
buzzer=0;
TMR0ON=0;
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}
}
//**************************************************
void main(void)
{
sizeofsearch=sizeof(search);
sizeofcharfile=sizeof(charfile);
sizeofcompare=sizeof(compare);
sizeoftempreq=sizeof(tempreq);
sizeoftemplocation=sizeof(templocation);
sizeofdeletefull=sizeof(deletefull);
sizeofdeletebylocation=sizeof(deletebylocation);
initialize();
init_reqd();
init_serial_ports();
lcd_init();
init_timer();
lcd_goto(0);// select first line
lcd_puts("<<---------------->>");
lcd_goto(0x40);// Select second line
lcd_puts("System Init 1 -> OK");
lcd_goto(0x14);
lcd_puts("System Init 2 -> OK");
lcd_goto(0x54);
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lcd_puts("<<---------------->>");
my_delay(300);
lcd_goto(0);// select first line
lcd_puts("
");
lcd_goto(0x40);// Select second line

lcd_puts("
");
lcd_goto(0x14);
lcd_puts("
");
lcd_goto(0x54);
lcd_puts("
");
red_led=0;
green_led=0;
while(1)
{
if(rcvd_thmp_f==1)
{
rcvd_thmp_f=0;
checksum_bit=checksum_calculation(&rcv_thmp[0],packet_size);
}
if(checksum_bit==1 && rcv_thmp[0]==ack)
{
checksum_bit=0;
checksum_calculation_routine=0;
startingbit=0;
lcd_goto(0x16);
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if(rcv_thmp[3]==0x00)
{
switch(state)
{
case srch: state=chrf;
break;
case chrf: state=cmpr;
break;
case cmpr: state=match;
//matchsound
T0CON=0B00000100;
buzzer=1;
TMR0ON=1;
finger_valid_flag=1;
break;
case tmpreq: template_request=1;
send_serial2(&ok[0],12);
break;
case downloadcmplte:
send_serial2(&ok[0],12);
CREN2=1;
server_init();
state=srch;
break;
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case deleteall: send_serial2(&ok[0],12);

CREN2=1;
server_init();
state=srch;
break;
case deletelocation: send_serial2(&ok[0],12);
CREN2=1;
server_init();
state=srch;
break;
}
}
else if(rcv_thmp[3]==0x01)
{
request();
}
else
{
switch(state)
{
case(cmpr): state=mmatch;
buzzer=1;
T0CON=0B10001000;
state=srch;
break;
default:
break;
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}
}
if(state!=match&&template_request==0)
{
initialize();
if(state==srch)
{
//before_scan= !status_switch;
}
request();
}
}
if(finger_valid_flag)
{
finger_valid_flag=0;
address_bit=1;
send_serial2(&adress[0],6);
send_serial2(&rcv_thmp[0],packet_size);
rcv_server[0]='\0';
packet_size2=0;
sequence_count2=0;
rcv_server_count=0;
if(rcvd_ServerData_f && namerequest_bit==0)
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{
rcvd_ServerData_f = 0;
lcd_goto(0);
lcd_puts("
");
lcd_goto(0x40);
lcd_puts("
");
lcd_goto(0x14);
lcd_puts("
");
lcd_goto(0x54);
lcd_puts("
");
//lcd_goto(0);
//lcd_puts("WELCOME");
//lcd_goto(0x40);
rcv_server[3]='\0';
rfid=strcmp("RFY",rcv_server);
rfidn=strcmp("RFN",rcv_server);
rfidalready=strcmp("RFV",rcv_server);
fingvalid=strcmp("FIY",rcv_server);
fingnvalid=strcmp("FIN",rcv_server);
votemarked_status=strcmp("VMC",rcv_server);
rcv_server[0]='\0';
rcv_Buffer_pos2=0;
}
if(rfid==0)
{
CAS Vattamkulam
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rfid=2;
SWITCH1_FINGER=1;
my_delay(2);
SWITCH2_RFID=0;
my_delay(2);
lcd_clear();
lcd_goto(0);
lcd_puts("YOUR ID IS MATCHING");
lcd_goto(0X40);
lcd_puts("PUT YOUR FINGER");
rfid_validbit=1;
state=srch;
request();
}
if(rfidn==0)
{
lcd_goto(0);
lcd_puts("
");
lcd_goto(0X40);
lcd_puts("
");
rfidn=2;
lcd_clear();
lcd_goto(0);
lcd_puts("YOUR ID NOT MATCHING");
red_led=1;
buzzer=1;
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green_led=0;
my_delay(500);
red_led=0;
buzzer=0;
lcd_clear();
rcv_Buffer[0]='\0';
}
if(fingvalid==0)
{
fingvalid=2;
namerequest_bit=1;
send_serial2(&namerequest[0],4);
}
if(namerequest_bit==1&&rcvd_ServerData_f==1)
{
rcvd_ServerData_f=0;
namerequest_bit=0;
lcd_goto(0);
lcd_puts("
");
lcd_goto(0X40);
lcd_puts("
");
rcv_Buffer[8]='\0';
rcv_server[rcv_Buffer_pos2-2]='\0';
lcd_goto(0);
lcd_puts(rcv_server);
lcd_goto(0x40);
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lcd_puts("ID:");
lcd_puts(rcv_Buffer);
green_led=1;
red_led=0;
my_delay(500);
green_led=0;
rcv_server[0]='\0';
rcv_Buffer[0]='\0';
rcv_Buffer_pos2=0;
}
if(fingnvalid==0)
{
fingnvalid=2;
lcd_goto(0);
lcd_puts("
");
lcd_goto(0X40);
lcd_puts("
");
lcd_goto(0);
lcd_puts("FINGER NOT MATCHING");
rcv_Buffer[0]='\0';
rfid_validbit=0;
SWITCH1_FINGER=0;
my_delay(2);
SWITCH2_RFID=1;
my_delay(2);
red_led=1;
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my_delay(500);
red_led=0;
}
if(votemarked_status==0)
{
lcd_clear();
lcd_goto(0);
lcd_puts("*WELCOME TO BANK NAME*");
rfid_validbit=0;
SWITCH1_FINGER=0;
my_delay(2);
SWITCH2_RFID=1;
my_delay(2);
red_led=0;
green_led=0;
}
if(rcvd_RfidTag_f==1)
{
rcvd_RfidTag_f=0;
put_serial2('R');
put_serial2('F');
send_serial2(&rcv_Buffer[0],8);
//rcv_Buffer_pos2=0;
rcv_Buffer_pos1=0;
//rcv_Buffer[0]='\0';
}
CAS Vattamkulam
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}
}
void send_serial2(unsigned char *serial2,unsigned char array_size)
{
unsigned char *fp2,ps2,*start2=0;
fp2=serial2;
ps2=array_size;
for(start2=fp2;start2<(fp2+ps2);start2++)
{
while(!TRMT2);
TXREG2=*start2;
}
}
void send_serial1(unsigned char *serial1,unsigned char array_size1)
{
unsigned char *fp8,ps3,*start4=0;
fp8=serial1;
ps3=array_size1;
for(start4=fp8;start4<(fp8+ps3);start4++)
{
while(!TRMT);
TXREG=*start4;
}
}
void initialvalues(void)
{
CAS Vattamkulam
55
rcv_server[0]='\0';
split_array[0]='\0';
count1=0;
count2=0;
count3=0;
name[0]='\0';
tot[0]='\0';
prize[0]='\0';
rcv_Buffer_pos2=0;
rcv_Buffer_pos1=0;
}
void request(void)
{
switch(state)
{
case chrf: send_serial1(&charfile[0],sizeofcharfile);
break;
case cmpr: send_serial1(&compare[0],sizeofcompare);
break;
case srch: send_serial1(&search[0],sizeofsearch);
break;
case tmpreq: send_serial1(&tempreq[0],sizeoftempreq);
break;
case downloadcmplte:send_serial1(&templocation[0],sizeoftemplocation);
while(!TRMT);
TXREG=0x00;
CAS Vattamkulam
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//put_serial1(buffer_location);
//put_serial1(location_msb);
//put_serial1(location_lsb);
break;
case deleteall:
send_serial1(&deletefull[0],sizeofdeletefull);
break;
case deletelocation:send_serial1(&deletebylocation[0],sizeofdeletebylocation);
while(!TRMT);
TXREG=0x00;
//put_serial1(0x00);
put_serial1(buffer_location1);
while(!TRMT);
TXREG=0x00;
while(!TRMT);
TXREG=0x01;
put_serial1(location_msb1);
put_serial1(location_lsb1);
break;
}
}
void initialize(void)
{
rcv_thmp[0] = '\0';
rcvd_thmp_f =0;
CAS Vattamkulam
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rcve_count=0;
packet_size=0;
check_sum=0;
original_checksum=0;
}
bit checksum_calculation(unsigned char *fp,unsigned char ps)
{
unsigned char *fp1,ps1,*start=0;
checksum_calculation_routine=1;
fp1=fp;
for(start=fp1;start<=(fp1+(ps-3));start++)
check_sum=((check_sum)+(*start));
original_checksum=((*(fp1+(ps-2))*0x100)+(*(fp1+(ps-1))));
return(check_sum==original_checksum);
}
void server_init(void)
{
//rcv_server[0]='\0';
//rcv_server_count=0;
//sequence_count2=0;
//packet_size2=0;
}
CAS Vattamkulam
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PCB FABRICATION AND DESIGN

We need to generate a positive (copper black) UV translucent artwork film. We will
never get a good board without good artwork, so it is important to get the best
possible quality at this stage. The most important thing is to get a clear sharp
image
with a very solid opaque black. Artwork is drawn using portal. It is
absolutely essential that our PCB software prints holes in the middle of pads ,
which will act as center marks when drilling. It is virtually impossible to
accurately hand drill boards without these holes. Here layout is printed on a
butter paper (transparent paper). It is screen printed on the copper clad, etched by
using ferric chloride solution and drilled by using a PCB drill.
Generally the making of the PCB can be divided into four simple steps :
1. Components layout and design
2. PCB layout designing
3. Drilling
4. Etching of the PCB
CAS Vattamkulam
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PCB LAYOUT
Draw the circuit connection of the component layout. While drawing the track ,
the size of the track should be kept in mind. For example, the track size for
the power
supply is about 1.5mm to 3mm . It depends upon the current
flowing through the track. The spacing between the two tracks should not be very
less. The next step is to transfer the PCB layout to the PCB laminate. Always
use good quality, pre-coated photo resist fiber glass (FR4) board. Check carefully
for scratches in protective covering. You dont need dark room or subdued lighting
when handling boards, as long as you avoid direct sunlight, minimize unnecessary
exposure, and develop immediately after UV exposure. Instagraphic Microgram
board develops really want to make low-resolution PCBs is essential, and should
allow exposure times from 2 to 10 minutes in 15 to 30 seconds increments. It is
useful if the timer has an audible indication when the timing period has completed.
A timer from a scrap microwave oven would be ideal. Use glass sheet rather than
plastic for the top of the UV unit and a light-box for lining up double-sided
artworks. If you do a lot of double-sided PCBs, it may be worth making a doublesided exposure unit, where the PCB can be sandwiched between two light sources to
expose both sides simultaneously. To find the exposure time for a particular UV unit
and laminate type, expose a test piece in 30 seconds increment from 2 to 8 minutes.
The photo resist board needs
to be exposed to UV light through artwork, using a UV exposure box. UV exposure
units can easily be made using standard fluorescent lamp ballasts and UV tubes. For
small PCBs two or four 8-watt, 30.5cm tubes will be adequate. For larger (A3) units,
four 38cm tubes are ideal. To determine the tube-to-glass spacing, place a sheet of
tracing paper on the glass and adjust the distance to get the most even light level over
the surface of the paper. Even illumination is a lot easier to obtain with 4-tube units.
Generally speaking over exposure is better than under exposure. For a single sided
PCB, place the artworks toner side up on the UV box glass, peel of the protective
film from the laminate, and place its sensitive side down on printers. You may need
to specify a vertical offset in your PCB software to make it print on the right part of
the page.
CAS Vattamkulam
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For this we should select the suitable PCB laminate. Usually two types of laminates
are available:
1. Phenolic board
2. Fiber glass epoxy board
Phenolic boards are cheaper than latter. By transferring the layout
to the laminate, clean the copper side of the laminate using petrol or
alcoholic spirit or using commercially available cleaning sprays. Place a
carbon paper on the copper side of the PCB and the design layout next to
carbon paper . Neatly redraw the trace on the design layout on to the
carbon paper. Using a marvel pen or fine brush redraw the trace of the
carbon paper on to the PCB laminate.
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DRILLING
The
diameter
of
the
holes
varies
depending
upon
the
component that it should hold . It is about 1mm for ICs , about 1.25mm for
capacitors and resistors and
about 1.5mm for diodes . Specific drills are
used for drilling all these holes properly.
ETCHING OF THE PCB

Etching is the process where all the excess copper is removed
and only the painted portion is left behind . To remove this excess copper ,
various chemicals are used like ferric chloride . Depending upon the PCB
size the solution is prepared by adding 40-50 gm of
ferric chloride to
water . The solution , which is nicely stirred , is then taken in a flat plastic
tray . The PCB is immersed in the solution and the laminate is thoroughly
washed with water . Alcohol
and acetone are used to remove the paint.
Oxidation of copper is prevented by using insulating material.
SOLDERING
Soldering
is the process of joining by heat using a filter
material for the purpose of making continuous and permanent path for the
flow of electricity.
Features:
1.Retain adequate strength at low as well as at high temperature.
2. Provide an electrically conducting path.
3. Connects the components together to form joints.
4. Allow heat flow between components.
5. Form a liquid gas tight seat.
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SOLDERING EQUIPMENTS
SOLDER
Solder is used for joining two or more metals at temperature
below their metal point. The popularly used solders are the alloys of tin
(60% ) and lead (40% ) that melts at 190 C and solidifies when it cools.
Most of the wire is flux cored type. When such soldering wires are used , no
extra soldering flux is needed .
FLEX
In order to make the surface accept the solder readily,
the
component terminal should be free from oxides and other obstructing

films. The soldering flux cleans the oxides from the metal surface. The leads
should be cleaned chemically or by abrasion using blades or knives .
SOLDERING IRON
It is the tool used to melt the solder and apply at the joints in
the circuit . It operates at 230V ac supply. the power range of the soldering
iron are low , 25W , 35W , 65W , 125W etc . The iron bit at the tip of it
gets heated up within a few minutes .
SOLDERING GUN
It is a gun shaped soldering tool used especially when heat is
required . Its trigger is a switch that controls the ac voltage to the bit.
SOLDERING STATION
It is an equipment that provides a iron a control console that
controls the temperature . The temperature is maintained by a feed back control
loop.
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63
SOLDERING PROCESS
Make the layout of component in the circuit. Plug in the cord of the soldering iron
in to the mains to get it heated.
Straighten and clean the component leads using a blade or knife. Apply a little
flux on the leads. Take a little solder from iron and heated.
Apply the molten solid on the leads. Care must be taken to avoid the components
from heated up.
Mount the components on the PCB by lending the leads of the components. Use
nose-pliers.
Apply flux on the joints and solder the joints. Soldering must be done in minimum
time to avoid dry soldering and heating up of the components.
Wash the residue using Isopropanol and brush
CAS Vattamkulam
64
ADVANTAGES
Totally package secure.
Unique for every person.
Environmental reliable.
No proxy punching.
CAS Vattamkulam
65
LIMITATIONS
Costly.
Using the fingerprint scanner does not take into consideration when a person
physically changes.
In the manual labour industry, since employees are usually working with
their hands, their fingers may get rough or scratched which could lead to a
miss reading
CAS Vattamkulam
66
FUTURE SCOPE
We can use this type of Access control system in many areas such as electronic safe
for vehicles , to secure some important section in company and also in government
office , etc.
CAS Vattamkulam
67
CONCLUSION
We could complete our project named BANK SECURITY SYSTEM successfully
within scheduled time period. Our project provides new revolution in modern
world. We can reduce theft in bank locker by providing full security to it.Therefore
the antisocial crimes in banks can be controlled by our project. By implementing our
project the bank larceny can be avoided and so it will provide efficient security in
banks. The concept can be developed further by increasing the range of controller
and interfacing GSM module in output side to provide more security.
CAS Vattamkulam
68
BIBILIOGRAPHY
www.dnaindia.com/money/column, "Seal it, Lock it, Forget it? Bank lockers

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Bank Security System

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