Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Iron
Ferum
Oxygen gas
Gas oksigen
Naphthalene
Naftalena
Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida
The equation below shows the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid,
Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan tindakbalas antara magnesium dan asid hidroklorik
Mg(s)
2HCl(aq)
MgCl2(aq)
H2(g)
1 mol magnesium react with 2 mol hydrochloric acid to produce 1 mol magnesium
chloride and 1 mol hydrogen gas
1 mol magnesium bertindak balas dengan 2 mol asid hidroklorik menghasilkan 1 mol
magnesium klorida dan 1 mol gas hidrogen
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Which of the following chemists arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass in The
Periodic Table ?
Antara ahli kimia berikut, yang manakah menyusun unsur-unsur dalam Jadual Berkala
berdasarkan pertambahan jisim atom?
A
Dmitri Mendeleev
Johann Dobereiner
John Newlands
Henry Moseley
Cu2+, SO42-
Cu2+, SO42-, H+
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Ethanoic acid
Asid etanoik
Palmitic acid
Asid palmitik
Nitric acid
Asid nitrik
Barium hydroxide
Barium hidroksida
C Aluminium nitrate
Aluminium nitrat
D Hydrogen sulphate
Hidrogen sulfat
Which of the following is true about manufactured substance in industry and its uses?
Antara yang berikut,,yang manakah benar tentang bahan buatan dalam industri dengan
kegunaannya?
A
B
C
D
Uses
Kegunaan
Lenses
Kanta
Mirror
Cermin
Optical lenses
Kanta cermin mata
Test tube
Tabung uji
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10
Which of the following statements best explain the decrease in rate of decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide with time?
Antara pernyataan berikut,yang manakah menerangkan pengurangan kadar penguraian
hidrogen peroksida dengan masa ?
A
Which of the following chemicals is used to keep latex in its liquid state?
Antara bahan kimia berikut, yang manakah digunakan untuk mengekalkan lateks dalam keadaan
cecair?
A
Aqueous ammonia
Ammonia akueous
Ethanoic acid
Asid ethanoik
Methanol
Metanol
Water
Air
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Iron strip
Kepingan ferum
Magnesium strip
Kepingan magnesium
Agar solution
Larutan agar-agar
DIAGRAM 1
RAJAH 1
Which of the following statements is true for the reaction?
Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar mengenai tindak balas itu?
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Iron is reduced
Ferum diturunkan
The change in the energy contained in the products and in the reactants
Perubahan kandungan tenaga dalam hasil tindak balas dan bahan tindak balas
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Pewter
Piuter
Brass
Loyang
Bronze
Gangsa
Duralumin
Duralumin
14
Which of the following is true about the charges of an electron, a neutron and a proton?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang cas-cas bagi elektron, neutron dan proton?
A
B
C
D
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Electron
Elektron
Negative
Negatif
Positive
Positif
Positive
Positif
Negative
Negatif
Neutron
Neutron
Positive
Positif
Neutral
Neutral
Negative
Negatif
Neutral
Neutral
Proton
Proton
Neutral
Neutral
Negative
Negatif
Neutral
Neutral
Positive
Positif
Formula
Formula
Sodium sulphate
Natrium sulfat
NaSO4
Copper(II) oxide
Kuprum(II) oksida
Cu2O
Iron(III) chloride
Ferum(III) klorida
FeCl3
Zinc nitrate
Zink nitrat
Zn(NO2)3
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17
Exists as monoatom
Wujud sebagai monoatom
DIAGRAM 2
RAJAH 2
Which of the following statements is true about the molecule?
Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar tentang molekul itu ?
A
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The diagram 3 shows the set up of the apparatus of a simple chemical cell.
The reading on the voltmeter is 0.5 V.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu radas bagi satu sel kimia yang ringkas.
Bacaan pada voltmeter ialah 0.5 V.
0.5V
Iron plate
Kepingan
ferum
Zinc plate
Kepingan zink
19
Which of the following is true about alloy and its major component?
Antara berikut yang manakah benar tentang aloi dan juzuk utamanya
A
B
C
D
Alloy
Aloi
Duralumin
Duralumin
Steel
Keluli
Bronze
Gangsa
Pewter
Piuter
Major component
Komponen utama
Magnesium
Magnesium
Tin
Stanum
Copper
Kuprum
Zinc
Zink
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Which of the following solutions contain the same number of hydrogen ion, H+?
Antara larutan berikut, yang manakah mengandungi bilangan ion hidrogen, H+ yang sama?
[Avogadro number = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 ]
[Nombor Avogadro = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 ]
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II
III
IV
II and IV only
II dan IV sahaja
The collision where its energy is less than the activation energy
Perlanggaran yang tenaganya kurang daripada tenaga pengaktifan
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DIAGRAM 4
RAJAH 4
Which of the following can be used to differentiate these solutions?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah boleh digunakan untuk membezakan larutan-larutan
tersebut ?
23
Ammonia solution
Larutan ammonia
DIAGRAM 5
RAJAH 5
Name of the above carbon compound is
Nama sebatian karbon di atas ialah
A
Ethyl ethanoate
Etil etanoat
Propil ethanoate
Propil etanoat
Ethyl propanoate
Etil propanoat
Diethyl methanoate
Dietil etanoat
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25
II
III
IV
Chemical cell with tin and zinc electrodes in sodium sulphate solution.
Sel Kimia yang menggunakan elektrod stanum dan zink dalam larutan natrium sulfat.
I and II only
I dan II sahaja
II and IV only
II dan IV sahaja
The following chemical equation shows the reaction of the formation of lead (II) sulphate
precipitate.
Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan tindak balas pembentukan mendakan plumbum (II) sulfat.
Pb2+ (ak) + SO4 2- (ak) PbSO4 (p) H = - 42 kJ mol -1
Which of the following is true about the reaction?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang tindak balas itu?
A
B
C
D
Heat change
Perubahan haba
Heat is released
Haba dibebaskan
Heat is absorbed
Haba diserap
Heat is released
Haba dibebaskan
Heat is absorbed
Haba diserap
Type of reaction
Jenis tindak balas
Endothermic
Endotermik
Exothermic
Eksotermik
Exothermic
Eksotermik
Endothermic
Endotermik
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27
CH3(CH2)14COOH
CH3(CH2)2COONa
CH3(CH2)14COONa
CH3(CH2)14COOCH3
The diagram 6 shows the cooling curve for a sample of a pure substance X
Rajah 6 menunjukkan lengkuk penyejukan bagi satu contoh bahan X yang tulin.
Temperature/oC
Time/s
t
DIAGRAM 6
RAJAH 6
Which of the following statements is true about the arrangement of particles at time t?
Antara berikut, yang manakah pernyataan yang benar tentang susunan zarah-zarah pada
masa t?
A
All the molecules only vibrate and rotate at their fixed position
Semua zarah hanya bergetar dan berputar pada kedudukan yang tetap
Some of the molecules move from one point to another and the others move randomly
Sebahagian zarah bergerak dari satu tempat ke tempat yang lain dan yang lainnya
bergerak bebas
Some of the molecules vibrate and rotate at their fixed positions and the others move
from one point to another
Sebahagian zarah bergetar dan berputar pada kedudukan yang tetap dan yang lainnya
bergerak dari satu tempat ke tempat yang lain
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C2H6
Compound X
Sebatian X
Compound Y
Sebatian Y
DIAGRAM 7
RAJAH 7
29
Proton number
Nombor proton
11
13
17
19
TABLE 1
JADUAL 1
Which of the following shows the ascending order of the atomic size of the elements?
Antara ynag berikut yang manakah menunjukkan susunan menaik saiz atom bagi unsur-unsur
itu?
A
B
C
D
W,X,Y,Z
Z,W,X,Y
Y,X,W,Z
Z,Y,X,W
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31
Soluble in water
Larut dalam air
Not volatile
Tidak meruap
Diagram 8 shows a set up of chemical cell using a pair of zinc and copper as electrodes.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan susunan radas sel kimia menggunakan pasangan elektrod zink dan
kuprum.
Zinc
Zink
Copper
kuprum
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33
The number of hydrogen atom in hydrochloric acid is smaller than in ethanoic acid
Bilangan atom hidrogen di dalam asid hidroklorik lebih kecil berbanding di dalam asid
etanoik
The concentration of hydrogen ion in hydrochloric acid is higher than in ethanoic acid
Kepekatan ion hidrogen di dalam asid hidroklorik adalah lebih tinggi berbanding di
dalam asid etanoik
Solid R + Solution S
Pepejal R + Larutan S
I and II only
I dan II sahaja
I and IV only
I dan IV sahaja
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35
S + O2 SO2
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
H2S2O7 + H2 O 2H2SO4
Diagram 9 shows the graph of volume of oxygen gas against time . Curve P is obtained from an
experiment of the decomposition of 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide solution.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan graf isipadu gas oksigen melawan masa. Lengkung P diperolehi daripada
tindak balas penguraian 25 cm3 larutan hidrogen peroksida 0.2 mol dm-3.
Volume of O2 gas/cm3
Isipadu gas O2 /cm3
P
Q
Time/s
Masa/s
DIAGRAM 9
RAJAH 9
Which of the following solutions will produce curve Q?
Antara larutan berikut, yang manakah akan menghasilkan lengkung Q?
A
16
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36
The equation below shows the chemical equation of the combustion of ethanol in excess oxygen
Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan persamaan kimia bagi pembakaran etanol dalam oksigen
berlebihan
2C2H5OH
7O2
4CO2
6H2O
What is the volume of carbon dioxide gas released when 9.20 g ethanol reacts completely?
Berapakah isi padu gas karbon dioksida terbebas apabila 9.2 g etanol bertindak balas lengkap?
[Relative atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room
condition]
[Jisim atom relatif H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, 1 mol of gas memenuhi 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]
A
B
C
D
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4.8 cm3
9.6 cm3
96.0 cm3
9600 cm3
Diagram 10 shows the set up of the apparatus to study the redox reaction .
Rajah 10 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji tindak balas redoks.
Carbon X
Karbon X
Carbon Y
Karbon Y
Solution Y
Larutan Y
Solution X
Larutan X
Porous pot
Pasu telap
DIAGRAM 10
RAJAH 10
Carbon X is a negative terminal.
Karbon X merupakan terminal negatif.
Which of the following are solution X and solution Y?
Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan larutan X dan larutan Y?
A
B
C
D
Solution X
Larutan X
Iron(II) sulphate
Ferum(II) sulfat
Iron(III) sulphate
Ferum(III) sulfat
Acidified potassium dicromate(VI)
Kalium dikromat(VI) berasid
Acidified potassium manganat(VII)
Kalium manganat(VII) berasid
Solution Y
Larutan Y
Bromine water
Air bromin
Potassium bromide
Kalium bomida
Potassium chloride
Kalium klorida
Iron(II) sulphate
Ferum(II) sulfat
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38
The reaction between 25.00 cm3 of hydrochloric acid and 25.00 cm3 of sodium hydroxide
solution releases the heat of 2100 J.
[Specific heat capacity of a solution = 4.2 J g-1 oC -1
Assume that 1 cm 3 of a solution is equal to 1 g of the solution ]
Tindak balas antara 25.00 cm3 asid hidroklorik dan 25.00 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida
membebaskan haba sebanyak 2100 J.
[Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g-1 oC -1
Anggap 1 cm 3 larutan sama dengan 1 g larutan ]
What is the temperature change of the mixture ?
Berapakah perubahan suhu campuran itu?
A
B
C
D
39
40
1 OC
2 OC
10 OC
20 OC
Br
79
44
35
79
35
79
44
Br
Br
Br
18
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42
JO
JO2
J2O
J2O2
43
2.4
2.8
2.8.7
2.8.8.2
S and U
S dan U
T and U
T dan U
R and T
R dan T
19
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44
The reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate produces carbon dioxide gas. The
reaction is complete in 50 seconds and the maximum volume of gas produced is 25 cm 3.
Tindakbalas antara asid hidroklorik dengan kalsium kabonat menghasilkan gas karbon dioksida.
Tindak balas lengkap dalam masa 50 saat dan isipadu maksimum gas ialah 25 cm3.
What is the average rate of reaction?
Berapakah kadar tindak balas purata?
A
B
C
D
45
0.5
1.0
2.0
4.0
cm3 s-1
cm3 s-1
cm3 s-1
cm3 s-1
Diagram 11 shows the set-up of apparatus for the titration of sodium hydroxide solution with
sulphuric acid.
Rajah11 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi titratan larutan natrium hidroksida dengan asid
sulfurik
12.50 cm3
25.00 cm3
50.00 cm3
75.50 cm3
20
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46
The following chemical equation shows the reaction of preparation lead(II) iodide salt.
Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan tindak balas penyediaan garam plumbum(II) iodida.
Pb (NO3)2 (aq)
Pb (NO3)2 (ak)
+ 2KI(aq)
+ 2KI(ak)
PbI2 (s)
PbI2 (p)
+ 2KNO3(aq)
+ 2KNO3(ak)
What is the volume of potassium iodide 0.5 mol dm-3 solution needed to produce 4.61 g lead(II)
iodide salt?
Berapakah isipadu larutan kalium iodida 0.5 mol dm-3 yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan
4.61g garam plumbum(II) iodida?
[Relative atomic mass of Pb= 207, I= 127]
[Jisim atom relatif P= 207, I= 127]
47
20 cm3
40 cm3
400 cm3
1440 cm3
Diagram 12 shows the stages I, II, III and IV in the Contact Process during the preparation of
sulphuric acid.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan peringkat I, II, III dan IV bagi penyediaan asid sulfurik melalui proses
Sentuh.
S
SO2
II
SO3
III
H 2S 2O 7
IV
A
B
C
D
I
O2
O2
O2
H 2O
II
O2
O2
H 2O
O2
III
H 2O
H2SO4
O2
H2SO4
IV
H2SO4
H 2O
H2SO4
O2
21
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H2SO4
48
Diagram 13 shows the set up of the apparatus for an experiment to determine the rate of reaction
between sodium thiosulphate solution and sulphuric acid solution.
Rajah 13 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas
antara natrium tiosulfat dengan asid sulfurik.
DIAGRAM 13
RAJAH 13
Which of the following combination of conditions take the longest time for the mark X to disappear
from sight?
Antara kombinasi keadaan berikut, yang manakah mengambil masa paling lama untuk tanda X
hilang daripada penglihatan?
Volume/cm3
Isipadu/cm3
Concentration/
Concentration/
mol dm-3
mol dm-3
Volume/cm3
Kepekatan/
Kepekatan/
Isipadu/cm3
mol dm-3
mol dm-3
Temperature/ 0C
Suhu/0C
10
1.0
50
0.5
30
10
1.0
50
0.5
40
10
0.5
50
0.5
30
20
0.5
40
0.5
40
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II
III
IV
I and II only
I dan II sahaja
23
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50
Zinc oxide
Zink oksida
Silver oxide
Argentum oksida
Magnesium oxide
Magnesium oksida
Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oksida
24
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1. Table 1 shows proton number and nucleon number for atom W, X and Y.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom W, X dan Y.
Atom
W
Proton number /
Nombor Proton
11
Nucleon number /
Nombor Nukleon
23
17
35
17
37
TABLE / JADUAL 1
(a)
(b)
.........................................................
[1 mark]
Which atoms are isotopes? Explain why.
Atom atom yang manakah adalah isotop? Jelaskan mengapa.
..................................................................................................................................
(c)
..................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
Write the electron arrangement of atom X .
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X.
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d)
(i)
[2 marks]
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(ii)
(iii)
(e)
A
Z
A
Z
X.
X.
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
2
7
3
12
6
19
9
20
10
DIAGRAM / RAJAH 2
(a) Write the electron arrangement of atom W.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom W.
............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) (i)
Element U, V, W and X are placed in the same period in the Periodic Table.
State the period.
Unsur U, V, W dan X berada dalam kala yang sama dalam Jadual Berkala.
Nyatakan kala itu.
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
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[2 marks]
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V
Zinc
Plate /
Kepingan
zink
(b)
(c)
(d)
(i)
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(ii)
Write the half equation for the reaction occur at the copper plate.
Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada
kepingan kuprum.
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(e)
(f)
Another experiment is carried out by replacing the zinc plate with P , Q and R
metals.
Table 3.2 shows the results.
Eksperimen lain dijalankan bagi menggantikan kepingan zink dengan logam P,
Q dan R.
Jadual 3.2 menunjukkan keputusannya.
Pair of metal/
Pasangan logam
Voltage/
Voltan (V)
Negative terminal/
Terminal negative
P/Cu
2.7
Q/Cu
2.0
R/Cu
0.5
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(a)
Palm oil /
Minyak sawit
+
Solution/ Larutan P
Cool/ Sejukkan
Heat /
Panaskan
Soap/
Sabun
Mixture/
Larutan
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Part / Bahagian X
C-O||
O
Part/ Bahagian Y
DIAGRAM/RAJAH 4.2
Which part is soluble in the water and grease based on Diagram 4.2?
Bahagian manakah yang larut dalam air dan gris berdasarkan
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Rajah 4.2?
Water/air:
Grease/gris: .
[1 mark]
(b)
(ii)
[1 mark]
(iii)
Test tube
Tabung uji
Beaker
Bikar
Combustion tube
Tiub Pembakaran
DIAGRAM/RAJAH 4.3
State the type of glass that used in making the apparatus in Diagram 4.3
Nyatakan jenis kaca yang digunakan untuk membuat alat radas dalam
Rajah 4.3
[1 mark]
(c)
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(ii)
(iii)
State one of the characteristic of lenses made from photo chromic glass.
Nyatakan satu ciri lensa yang diperbuat daripada kaca fotokromik.
.
[1 mark]
Organic compound
Sebatian organik
Butan-1-ol
Butan-1-ol
Butanoic acid
Asid Butanoik
But-1-ene
But-1-ena
Formula
Formula
C4H10O
C4H8O2
C 4H 8
TABLE / JADUAL 5
Use the information in Table 5 to answer the following questions.
Gunakan maklumat dalam Jadual 5 untuk menjawab soalan berikut.
(a)
(b)
(i)
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[ 1 mark ]
(ii)
- CH3
OH
Name the isomer.
Namakan isomer itu.
.
[ 1 mark ]
(c )
Butan-1-ol can react with butanoic acid to form compound X and water.
Butan-1-ol boleh bertindak balas dengan asid butanoik untuk menghasilkan
sebatian X dan air.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(d)
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[ 2 marks ]
(e)
(ii)
6 Diagram 6 shows the set- up of apparatus to investigate the reaction between potassium
iodide solution and chlorine water through the transfer of electrons at a distance..
Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyiasat tindak balas di antara larutan kalium
iodide dan air klorin melalui pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak.
G
Electrode P
Electrode Q
Potassium iodide
solution
Chlorine water
[1 mark ]
(b) On the diagram 6, draw the direction of the flow of electrons.
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(c)
(d) What is the substance that is being oxidised in the experiment? Explain why.
Apakah bahan yang dioksidakan dalam eksperimen?Terangkan mengapa.
.....
.....
[2 marks ]
(e) Write a half equation for the reaction that occurs at electrode Q.
Tuliskan satu persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod Q.
....
[1 mark ]
(f) Suggest another reagent that can replace chlorine water.
Cadangkan reagen lain yang boleh menggantikan air klorin.
....................
[1 mark ]
(g) What is the change in oxidation number of chlorine in the reaction?
Apakah perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi klorin dalam tindak balas?
......
[1 mark ]
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Section B
[20 marks]
Answer any one question.
The time suggested to answer this section is 30 minutes.
(a)
Procedure
Prosedur
Copper(II)carbonate is heated
and the gas produced is passed
through lime water.
Kuprum(II)karbonat
dipanaskan dan gas yang
terhasil dialirkan melalui air
kapur.
Potassium iodide solution is
added to lead(II) nitrate
solution.
Larutan kalium iodida
ditambah kepada larutan
plumbum(II)nitrat.
Observation
Pemerhatian
Green solid turns black.
The lime water turns milky.
Pepejal hijau menjadi hitam.
Air kapur menjadi keruh.
TABLE / JADUAL 7
(i)
(ii)
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(b)
The reaction between acid , HX and ionic compound , QY2 can be represented
by chemical equation below.
Tindak balas antara asid , HX dan sebatian ion , QY2 boleh diwakili oleh
persamaan kimia di bawah.
2HX(aq) +QY2(aq) QX2(s) + 2HY(aq).
State three statement to describe the chemical equation above.
Suggest an acid of HX and an ionic compound of QY2.
Nyatakan tiga pernyataan untuk menghuraikan persamaan kimia di atas.
Cadangkan asid HX dan sebatian ion QY2.
[ 5 marks]
(c)
Carbon 85.70%
Karbon
Hydrogen 14.30%
Hidrogen
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
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(a)
(b)
Experiment
Eksperimen
Reactant
Bahan tindak balas
20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid +
2 g of magnesium strip
Temperature
suhu
(0C)
Time
masa
(s)
30
120
30
60
30
40
30
45
Write an ionic equation for the reaction between magnesium and acid.
Tuliskan persamaan ionik yang berlaku antara magnesium dan asid.
[1 mark]
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(ii)
(c)
Based on the collision theory, explain why we need to store fresh milk in a
refrigerator.
Berdasarkan Teori Perlanggaran, terangkan mengapa kita perlu menyimpan
susu segar dalam peti sejuk.
[4 marks]
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Section C
[20 marks]
Answer any one question.
The time suggested to answer this section is 30 minutes
9
(a)
Sodium salts /
Garam natrium
Potassium salts /
Garam kalium
Ammonium salt /
Garam ammonium
Soluble salts /
Garam larut
(ii)
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(b)
Magnesium sulphate is a soluble salt.
Magnesium sulfat adalah garam terlarutkan.
Answer the following questions based on the above statement.
Jawab soalan- soalan berikut berdasarkan pernyataan di atas.
(i)
(ii)
10
Table 10 shows the molecular formula and heat of combustion of three types of alcohol.
Jadual 10 menunjukkan formula molekul dan haba pembakaran bagi tiga jenis alkohol.
Alcohol/
Alkohol
Molecular formula /
Formula molekul
Haba pembakaran /
Heat of combustion
(kJ mol -1)
Methanol
CH3OH
725
Ethanol
C2H5OH
1 376
Propan-1-ol
C3H7OH
2 015
TABLE / JADUAL 10
(a)
(i)
(ii)
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(b)
Describe an experiment that you can carry out in your school laboratory to
determine the heat of combustion of one of the alcohol in Table 10. Your
description should include precautionary steps and the steps involved in the
calculation.
Huraikan satu eksperimen yang anda boleh jalankan di makmal sekolah anda
bagi menentukan haba pembakaran salah satu alkohol dalam Jadual 10.
Huraian anda perlu mengandungi langkah berjaga-jaga dan langkah-langkah
perhitungan yang terlibat.
[12 marks]
(c)
PbSO4 + 2NaNO3
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For
Examiners
Use
Diagram 1 shows the initial and final burette readings for both experiments.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan bacaan awal dan bacaan akhir buret bagi kedua-dua eksperimen.
Experiment 1
Eksperimen 1
20
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For
Examiners
Use
Experiment II
Eksperimen II
15
25
16
26
(a) Construct a table to record the initial and final burette readings and the volumes of the acid
used for both experiments.
Bina jadual dan catat bacaan awal dan bacaan akhir buret serta isipadu asid yang digunakan
bagi kedua-dua eksperimen di atas.
1(a)
[ 3 marks]
1(b)
..
[ 3 marks]
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For
Examiners
Use
NaOH
NaX
H2O
Experiment II
Eksperimen II
1(c)
[ 3 marks]
1(d)
..
..
[ 3 marks]
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(e) If HX acid is replaced with sulphuric acid of the same concentration, it is found that the volume
of the sulphuric acid used in the titration is half of the volume of HX acid. Explain why.
Jika asid HX digantikan dengan asid sulfurik yang mempunyai kepekatan yang sama, didapati
isipadu asid sulfurik yang digunakan dalam titratan ialah separuh daripada isipadu asid HX.
Terangkan mengapa.
For
Examiners
Use
1(e)
[ 3 marks]
Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to compare the heat of combustion of
methanol and ethanol. 200 cm3 of water is used in this experiment.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperiment untuk membandingkan
Haba pembakaran antara metano dengan etanol. 200 cm3 air digunakan dalam ekperimen ini.
Thermometer
Thermometer
Wind shield
Penghadang
Copper container
Bekas kuprum
Water
Air
Tripod stand
Tungku kaki tiga
Spirit lamp
Pelita
Alcohol
Alkohol
Wooden block
Blok kayu
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
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The table below shows the results obtained from the experiment I the heat of combustion of
methanol and experiment II the heat of combustion of ethanol.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen I haba pembakaran methanol
dan eksperimen II haba pembakaran etanol.
Experiment I
Eksperimen I
Experiment II
Eksperimen II
25
25
20
20
15
15
65
65
60
60
55
55
150.50
151.35
150.50
149.37
Final mass of spirit lamp and methanol: ......g
Jisim akhir pelita dan metanol
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Use
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(a) Write the readings of the temperature and the mass of spirit lamp and alcohol in the spaces above.
Tuliskan bacaan suhu dan jisim pelita dan alkohol dalam ruangan di atas.
[3 marks]
For
Examiners
Use
2(a)
Action to be taken
Tindakan yang dibuat
(i) The way to manipulate variable:
Cara mengubah pemboleh ubah
dimanipulasi:
............
....................
...........
....................
(ii) Responding variable:
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas:
....................
....................
(iii) Fixed variable:
Pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan:
...
...
2(b)
[3 marks]
(c) (i) Calculate the energy change in the experiment I and II.
Hitungkan perubahan tenaga dalam eksperimen I dan II
[Given: Energy change = mc, specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.2 Jg-1oC]
[Diberi: perubahan tenaga = mc, muatan haba tentu air, c = 4.2 Jg-1oC]
2(c)(ii)
[3 marks]
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(ii) Calculate the number of moles of methanol and ethanol burnt in this experiment.
Hitungkan bilangan mol methanol dan etanol yang terbakar dalam eksperimen ini.
[Molar mass of methanol = 32 g mol-1] [Molar mass of ethanol = 46 g mol-1]
[Jisim molar metanol = 32 g mol-1]
[Jisim molar etanol = 46 g mol-1]
For
Examiners
Use
2(c)(ii)
[3 marks]
(iii) Calculate the heat of combustion of methanol in this experiment.
Hitungkan haba pembakaran metanol dalam eksperimen ini.
2(c)(iii)
[3 marks]
(d) Predict the heat of combustion of ethanol compare to the heat combustion of methanol.
Ramalkan haba pembakaran etanol berbanding dengan haba pembakaran methanol.
2(d)
[3 marks]
Total
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The further the distance between two metals in the electrochemical series,
the bigger the potential difference.
Semakin jauh kedudukan pasangan logam dalam siri elektrokimia,
semakin besar nilai voltan.
You are given the copper strip, lead strip, iron strip, zinc strip, aluminium strip, magnesium strip
and copper(II) sulphate solution.Referring to the statement above, plan a laboratory experiment to
construct the electrochemical series of the potential differences using different pair of metals.
Your explanation should include all the followings:
Anda dibekalkan dengan kepingan kuprum, kepingan plumbum, kepingan ferum, kepingan zink,
kepingan aluminium, kepingan magnesium dan larutan kuprum(II) sulfat. Merujuk kepada situasi
di atas, rancangkan satu eksperimen dalam makmal untuk membina siri elektrokimia .
Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi perkara-perkara berikut:
(a) Aim of the experment
Tujuan eksperimen
(b) All the variables
Semua pemboleh ubah yang terlibat
(c ) Statement of the hypothesis
Pernyataan hipotesis
(d) List of materials and apparatus
Senarai bahan dan alat radas
(e) Procedure of the experiment
Prosedur eksperimen
(f) Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data
[ 17 marks ]
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
A
C
A
C
D
D
C
C
D
A
C
D
D
D
C
C
C
B
C
C
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
A
A
C
C
C
C
D
D
C
B
D
D
C
B
C
D
A
C
D
C
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42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
A
A
C
A
A
B
B
C
D
B
4541/2
Section A
1
(a) (i)
(ii)
1
1
(b)
X and Y
Because same proton number/the number of proton but difference
number of neutron/nucleon number
2.8.7
(c)
(d) (i)
17p
18n
Electron arrangement
Label 17p & 18n
(ii)
(iii)
(e)
1
1
1
1
7
Y35
17
10
2
(a)
2.7
(b) (i)
(ii)
Period 2
Atomic size of X is smaller than V // Atomic size of V bigger than
X.
The number of proton in atom X is more than V.
The attraction by the nucleus on electron in atom X is stronger than
V.
or
The number of proton in atom V is less than X.
The attraction by the nucleus on electron in atom V is weaker than
X.
1
1
(iii)
(c) (i)
(ii)
(d) (i)
1
1
1
1...2
VW4
has low melting / boiling point // cannot conduct electricity
in any state // soluble in organic solvent
Ionic compound
(ii)
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1
1
10
(a)
Chemical to electrical
(b)
(c) (i)
(ii)
Zinc
Zinc atom releases electrons//Zinc more electropositive // Zn above
in electrochemical series
1
1
1
1
Cu, R, Q, P
1.5 V
1
1
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(e)
(f)
(i)
(ii)
10
4
(a) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Saponification
Concentrated sodium hydroxide solution
to lower the solubility of soap
Water: x
Grease: y
1
1
1
1
(b) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
silicon dioxide
inert towards chemicals
Borosilicate glass
1
1
1
(c) (i)
1
1
(ii)
(iii)
5
(a) (i)
10
1
alcohol
(b) (i)
H
C-O-H
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(ii)
H
H
2-methylpropan-2-ol
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H
1
(c) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
Esterification
C4H9OH + C3H7COOH C3H7COOC4H9 + H2O
Insoluble in water // sweet smell // volatile
1
1
1
(d)
[Functional diagram]
[Label]
1
1
Addition reaction
The colour of bromine water change from brown to colourless
1
1
(e)
(i)
(ii)
10
6
(a)
(b)
1
G
e
e
Electrode P
Electrode Q
Potassium iodide
solution
Chlorine water
1
(c) (i)
(ii)
1
1
1
(d)
1
1
(e)
Cl2 + 2e 2Cl-
(f)
(g)
0 to -1
1
10
Section B
(a)
(i)
Copper(II)oxide
Carbon dioxide
CuCO3 CuO + CO2
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1
1
1...3
(b)
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Yellow precipitate
Lead(II) iodide
1
1
1
1...4
(c) (i)
7.14
7.14
1
(a)
1
1..3
( CH2 )n = 56
(iii)
14.30
7.14
1
1...5
[ 12 + 2(1) ]n = 56
56 // 4
14
The molecular formula C4H8
Empirical formula
The formula shows that carbon
and hydrogen are present
The formula shows that the
ratio of carbon to hydrogen is
1:2
1
1..3
Molecular formula
The formula shows that carbon
and hydrogen are present
The formula shows that one
molecule of X consists of 4
carbon atoms and 8 hydrogen
atoms
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1 + 12
20
1
1
13
(b)
(i)
Mg + 2H+ Mg2+ + H2
(ii)
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(c)
1
1
1.. 9
(iii)
1........3
1
1
1
1...4
20
Section C
9.
(a) (i)
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1
1
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1 3
1
1
1 3
- 1 mark]
- 1 mark]
- 7 marks]
- 1 mark]
Sample answer :
1. [chemical substances]
magnesium powder /magnesium oxide(Hydroxide, carbonate)
and sulphuric acid
2. [ apparatus]
Beaker, filter funnel, filter paper, glass rod
3. [procedure]
[20 100] cm3 sulphuric acid [0.5 2.0 ] mol dm-3 is poured into a beaker
4. magnesium powder is added to sulphuric acid until undissolved /excess /
no more effervescence
5. Stir
6. the mixture is filtered
7. the filtrate is evaporated until saturate (one-third of it original volume)
8. the saturated solution is then allowed to cool to room temperature.
9. crystals is dried between filter paper
10. [chemical equation]
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2 // MgO + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2O//
MgCO3 + H2SO4 MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.... 10
1
1
1
1.... 4
(a) (i)
(ii)
1
1
1
1... 4
20
The heat given off when one mole of an alcohol is burnt completely in an
excess of oxygen.
As the number of carbon atom increase, the value of heat combustion
increase.
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The greater the number of carbon atoms, the more products will be
obtained.
More heat is released for the formation of bonds
(b)
1
1
Procedure :
1. Measure [100 -250] cm3 of water and pour it into the copper
container /aluminium can
2. Measure and record the initial temperature of the water.
3. Fill the small lamp with alcohol* then weigh it and record the
initial mass.
4. Light the wick of the lamp.
5. Place the lamp as near as possible to the copper container.//
[ Diagram : Using wooden block ]
6. [The apparatus is protected by a wind shield] // [Diagram]
7. Stir the water continuously.
8. Put out / blown out the flame when the temperature rises [ 10
30 ] oC and record the highest temperature of the water.
9. Weigh the lamp as quickly as possible and record the final mass.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Result :
Initial temperature of the water/ oC
Highest temperature of the water/ oC
Temperature rise of the water/ oC
= T1
= T2
= T2 T1
= m1
= m2
= m1 m2
Calculation :
Energy chage/heat given off
m1 m2
Mr of alcohol*
=
Energy change
Number of mole of alcohol
Mr of alcohol*
(c)
Number of mole of lead(II) nitrate
50 x 2
= 1000 = 0.1 mol
or
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13
Max
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50 x 2
= 1000 = 0.1 mol
Ratio of mole :
1 mol Pb(NO3)2 / Na2SO4 1 mol PbSO4
0.1 mol Pb(NO3)2 / Na2SO4 0.1 mol PbSO4
Energy chage/heat given off
= 200 4.2 10
= 4200 J
1
1
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Question
Number
Rubric
Score
Experiment
Initial reading/ cm3
Final reading / cm3
Volume of HX /cm3
I
0.45
20.45
20.00
II
15.45
25.45
10.00
[Able to exhibit the tabulation of data less accurately, without unit/ one
decimal place]
[Able to state an idea about tabulation of data]
Table contains at least two columns and two rows
[ No response or wrong response]
Question
Number
Rubric
[Able to state one observation accurately]
Example :
2
1
0
Score
3
Red/Pink to colourless
1(b)
colourless
1
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1
0
Question
Number
Rubric
Score
[Able to show the calculation of HX acid concentration with the unit for both
experiment correctly]
1(c)
Example :
Experiment I
The concentration of HX acid = (1)(20) / 20
= 1.0 moldm-3
or
(i) Number of mole for NaOH = (1)(20)/1000)
= 0.02 mol
(ii) Based on the equation,
1 mol of NaOH reacts with 1 mol of HX acid,
0.02 mol of NaOH reacts with 0.02 mol of
HX acid.
(iii) Concentration of HX acid = ( 0.02 x 1000 ) / 20
= 1.0 moldm-3
Experiment II
The concentration of HX acid = (1)(20) / 10
= 2.0 moldm-3
or
(i)
Number of mole for NaOH = (1)(20)/1000)
= 0.02 mol
(ii)
Based on the equation,
1 mol of NaOH reacts with 1 mol of HX acid,
0.02 mol of NaOH reacts with 0.02 mol of HX acid.
(iii)
1
0
2
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Rubric
Score
1(d)
Rubric
1
0
[Able to state any two of the above mentioned answers less correctly]
[Able to state any one of the above mentioned answers ]
[ No response or wrong response]
Question
Number
score
2
1
0
Rubric
Score
[Able to write initial and final temperature with one decimal, initial and final
mass of spirit lamp and methanol and ethanol with two decimal in
experiment I and II with unit accurately]
Answer :
o
Experiment I : Initial temperature of water : 25.0 C
o
Highest temperature of water : 65.0 C
2(a)
2 (b)
2(c)(i)
1
0
Rubric
[ Able to state three variables and the way to control them correctly ]
Example :
Manipulated variable :
Types of alcohol//ethanol and
Using difference alcohol
methanol
Responding variable :
Heat of combustion
The different of mass of difference
alcohol
Fixed variable :
Volume of water// same increment
Using the same volume of water //
of temperature
same increment of temperature
[ Able to state any pair of variable and action correctly ] ]
[ Able to state any variable and any action correctly // any two variables
correctly // any two action correctly]
[ No response or wrong response]
Question
Number
Rubric
[ Able to show the calculation correctly with unit ]
Example :
Experiment I
Energy change = 200 x 4.2 x 40 = 33 600 J
Experiment II
Energy change = 200 x 4.2 x 40 = 33 600 J
[ Able to show the calculation correctly without unit ]
[ Able to state an idea the calculation the energy change]
[ No response or wrong response]
4
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Score
2
1
0
Score
2
1
0
Question
Number
2(c)(ii)
Rubric
[ Able to show the calculation correctly with unit]
Example :
The number of moles methanol = 1.13 = 0.035 mol
32
The number of moles ethanol = 0.85 = 0.018 mol
46
[ Able to show the calculation correctly without unit]
[ Able to state an idea the calculation the number of mole]
2
1
0
Score
Rubric
[ Able to show the calculation correctly with unit ]
Example :
The heat combustion of methanol = 33 600 J
0.035
= 960 000 J mol-1 = 960 kJ mol-1
Score
2(c)(iii)
[ Able to show the calculation correctly without unit]
[ Able to state an idea the calculation the heat of combustion of methanol]
2(d)
1
0
Rubric
[Able to predict the heat combustion of ethanol correctly]
Example:
Higher than heat combustion of methanol
[Able to state the heat combustion of ethanol]
Example:
1818 kJ mol-1[The heat combustion of ethanol from calculation ]
[Able to state an idea the heat combustion of ethanol]
Example:
same
[ No response or wrong response]
5
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Maxi
mum
Score
3
1
0
Question
Number
Rubric
3(a)
Question
Number
3(b)
Question
Number
3(c)
Rubric
[ Able to state All variables correctly ]
Example :
Manipulated variable : Pairs of different metals//Different types of metals
Responding variable : Potential differences
Constant variable : Concentration of Copper(II) sulphate
// positive terminal
[ Able to state any two variables correctly ]
[ Able to state any one variables correctly ]
[ No response or wrong response]
Rubric
[ Able to give the hypothesis correctly]
Example :
The distance between two metals increase/decrease, the potential difference
will increase/ decrease
[ Able to give the hypothesis almost correct]
Example :
The potential difference will increase if the distance between two metals
increase
[ Able to state an idea of the hypothesis ]
Example :
The potential difference affects the position of the metals
[No response or wrong response]
6
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Score
1
0
Score
2
1
0
Score
1
0
Question
Number
Rubric
3(d)
[ Able to give the list of the apparatus and materials correctly and
completely]
Example :
List of apparatus and materials
Copper strip, lead strip, iron strip, zinc strip, aluminium strip, magnesium
strip, copper (II) sulphate solution, sand paper, voltmeter, beaker, connecting
wires with crocodile clip
[ Able to give the list of the apparatus and materials correctly and but not
completely]
Example :
List of apparatus and materials
Copper strip, lead strip, zinc strip, magnesium strip[at least 4 metal strips],
copper (II) sulphate solution, voltmeter, connecting wires
[ Able to give an idea about the list of the apparatus and materials correctly]
Example :
Any one apparatus and one material
[No response or wrong response]
Question
Number
3(e)
Rubric
[ Able to state all procedures correctly ]
Example :
1. Clean the metals with sand paper
2. Fill a beaker with copper(II)sulphate solution
3. Dip the magnesium strip and copper strip into the copper(II)sulphate
solution
4. Complete the circuit//switch-on the circuit
5. Record the potential difference between the metals
6. Determine and record which metal strip is the negative terminal
7. Repeat steps 1 to 6 using other metals to replace magnesium strip
[ Able to state 4 steps of procedures correctly ]
Steps 2,3,5,7
[ Able to state 2 steps of procedures correctly ]
Steps 3,5
[No response or wrong response]
7
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Score
1
0
Score
2
1
0
Question
Number
3(f)
Rubric
[ Able to exhibit the tabulation of data correctly ]
Tabulation of data has the following element :
1. 3 columns and 6 rows
Example :
Pair of metals
Potential difference (V) Negative terminal
Mg and Cu
Al and Cu
Zn and Cu
Pb and Cu
Fe and Cu
[ Able to exhibit the tabulation of data almost correctly ]
Example :
Pair of metals
Potential difference
Score
8
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