Scribd Logo
Hochladen

Willkommen bei Scribd!

  • Servlets Programming

    Hochgeladen von

    Subhanshu Mathur
    15 Ansichten12 Seiten
    Notes about the basic of the servlets

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Verfügbare Formate

    DOC, PDF, TXT oder online auf Scribd lesen

    Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

    Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

    Dieses Dokument melden
    Notes about the basic of the servlets

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als DOC, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    15 Ansichten12 Seiten

    Servlets Programming

    Hochgeladen von

    Subhanshu Mathur
    Notes about the basic of the servlets

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als DOC, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 12

    Servlets Programming

    Servlets are the programming concepts of J2EE , and it used for developing the web
    applications .
    The Servlets are server side language , so it is required to install the web server software
    for it.
    The webserver is the software which is required for performing the virtual client server
    environment, some of the commonly used webserver softwares are ,
    1. JBOSS
    2. Java Web Server
    3. Jakarta Tomcat
    In order to run the servlets , we are required to set some environment variables.
    1. JAVA_HOME
    This environment variable is used for setting the home directory where the java
    development kit software is installed.

    In order to set these environment variables , we have to open the system


    properties dialog box , by right clicking on mycomputer icon and for the context
    sensitive menu , select properties.
    In the dialog box , click on Advanced tab and then click on the Environment
    Variables button.
    2. CLASSPATH
    This environment variable is used for setting the path for the .class files. Actually
    we are using it to specify where the classes related to servlet are present .

    3. CATALINA_HOME
    This environment variable is used for setting the path for the home directory for the
    tomcat directory.

    Starting With the Servlet Programming


    import java.io.*;
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import javax.servlet.http.*;
    public class SamplesDemo extends HttpServlet {
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)
    throws IOException, ServletException {
    res.setContentType("text/html");
    PrintWriter in = res.getWriter();
    /* Display some response to the user */
    in.println("<html><head>");
    in.println("<title>TestServlet</title>");

    in.println("\t<style>body { font-family: 'Lucida Grande', " +


    "'Lucida Sans Unicode';font-size: 13px; }</style>");
    in.println("</head>");
    in.println("<body>");
    in.println("<p>Welcome to Servlets</p>");
    in.println("</body></html>");
    in.close();
    }
    }

    Servlets use classes and interfaces from two packages:


    1. javax.servlet
    2. javax.servlet.http

    . The javax.servlet package contains classes to support generic, protocolindependent servlets.


    These classes are extended by the classes in the javax.servlet.http package to
    add HTTP-specific functionality.
    The top-level package name is javax instead of the familiar java, to indicate that the
    Servlet API is a standard extension.
    Every servlet must implement the javax.servlet.Servlet interface. Most servlets
    implement it by extending one of two special classes: javax.
    servlet.GenericServlet or javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet .
    A protocol-independent servlet should subclass GenericServlet, while an HTTP
    servlet should subclass HttpServlet, which is itself a subclass of GenericServlet
    with added HTTP-specific functionality.

    Handling Requests

    In contrast, an HTTP servlet usually does not override the service() method.
    Instead, it overrides doGet() to handle GET requests and doPost() to handle POST
    requests. An HTTP servlet can override either or both of these methods, depending on
    the type of requests it needs to handle. The service() method of HttpServlet
    handles the setup and dispatching to all the doXXX() methods, which is why it
    usually should not be overridden

    HTTP Protocol Parameters.


    Request parameters for the servlet are the strings sent by the client to a servlet container
    as part of its request. When the request is an HttpServletRequest object, the container
    populates the parameters from the URI query string and POST-ed data.
    The parameters are stored as a set of name-value pairs. Multiple parameter values CAN
    exist for any given parameter name. The following methods of the ServletRequest
    interface are available to access parameters:

    getParameter

    Returns the value of a request parameter as a String, or null if the parameter


    does not exist. Request parameters are extra information sent with the request. For
    HTTP servlets, parameters are contained in the query string or posted form data.
    You should only use this method when you are sure the parameter has only ONE
    value. If the parameter might have MORE than one value, use
    getParameterValues(String).
    If you use this method with a multivalued parameter, the value returned is equal to
    the FIRST value in the array returned by getParameterValues.

    If the parameter data was sent in the request body, such as occurs with an HTTP
    POST request, then reading the body directly via getInputStream() or
    getReader() can interfere with the execution of this method.

    getParameterNames

    Returns an Enumeration of String objects containing the names of the


    parameters contained in this request. If the request has no parameters, the method
    returns an EMPTY Enumeration.

    getParameterValues

    Returns an array of String objects containing all of the values the given request
    parameter has, or null if the parameter does not exist. If the parameter has a
    single value, the array has a length of 1.

    getParameterMap

    Returns an immutable java.util.Map containing parameter names as keys and


    parameter values as map values. The keys in the parameter map are of type
    String. The values in the parameter map are of type String array.
    Configuring the WEB-INF
    ====================
    Before running the servlet , it should be servlet container for this we have to add the
    enteries in the web.xml file.
    For this purpose we have to make use of the following tag ,
    <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>milk</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/drink/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    servlet-mapping has two child tags,
    (i) url-pattern
    (ii) servlet-name.

    1. url-pattern

    It specifies the type of urls for which, the servlet given in servlet-name should
    be called.

    2. servlet-name

    It will specify the name of the servlet.


    .
    Rule for URL path mapping:
    It is used in the following order. First successful match is used with no further attempts.
    1. The container will try to find an exact match of the path of the request to the path
    of the servlet. A successful match selects the servlet.
    2. The container will recursively try to match the longest path-prefix. This is done
    by stepping down the path tree a directory at a time, using the / character as a
    path separator. The longest match determines the servlet selected.
    3. If the last segment in the URL path contains an extension (e.g. .jsp), the servlet
    container will try to match a servlet that handles requests for the extension. An
    extension is defined as the part of the last segment after the last . character.
    4. If neither of the previous three rules result in a servlet match, the container will
    attempt to serve content appropriate for the resource requested. If a default
    servlet is defined for the application, it will be used.

    Steps for running the servlet :

    1. Create the folder with name sdemos in the directory F:\Tomcat 6.0\webapps

    2. Create the folder with name WEB-INF in the folder F:\Tomcat


    6.0\webapps\sdemos.

    3. Now create the folder classes and copy the web.xml file in the folder F:\Tomcat
    6.0\webapps\sdemos\WEB-INF

    4. Create you file HelloWorld.java in the folder class and compile it.

    Now open the file web.xml

    <?xml version="1.0"?>

    <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    version="2.5">

    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SamplesDemo</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>SamplesDemo</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>DateExample</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>DateExample</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SamplesDemo</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/SamplesDemo</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>DateExample</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/DateExample</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    </web-app>

    Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen