Principiul CYCLOCONVERTORULUI

ACS6000c
cycloconverter

Phase

Copyright year ABB.

All rights reserved. - 1 09/01/2013

current

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Cycloconverter
Convertor de frecven de turaie joas
i putere mare
Funcioneaz numai cu motor sincron
(synchronous motor AC motor with DC
excitation)

Putere pn la (Power up to) 27MW

Tensiune nominal (Motor nominal

voltage) 1350V... 1570V

Curent continuu maxim (Maximum

continuous current up to) :
4500A(rcire cu ap-water cooled)

Turaie nominal (Nominal speed of

delivered motors ):30220rpm

Turaie maxim (Maximum speed):

720rpm

Product service - 2
7.2.2003

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Cycloconverter n metalurgie (in metals)

Linoare (Rolling mills)
Nominal power

Suprasarcin maxim (Max. Load) : 115...300 %

Cupluri mari (High torques) : >1000 kNm

Performance and availability are most important

Product service - 3
7.2.2003

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0,5...15 MW

Cycloconverter in Marine with Azipod

Main propeller
Nominal power

up to 20 MW

Speed

100..300rpm

In cruise vessel normally 2 or 3 main propellers

Siguran i redundan (Safety and redundancy are

really important)

Product service - 4
7.2.2003

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Operation of synchronous motor

Product service - 5
7.2.2003

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The magnetic field of the stator

attracts the rotor magnet

The rotor rotates until the rotor

N-pole meets the S-pole of stator

Continuous rotation is not

possible with permanent magnet

Operation of synchronous motor

Stator magnetic field

NS

_ +
+

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S
N

Curent
Cuplu

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Battery voltage makes current

Current induce field

Attracts rotor magnet

Battery voltage polarity reversing

n

Schimbarea polaritii (Stator

magnetic polarity swap)

Rotor turns 180

Right timing of U swaps

n

Rotaia continu a rotorului e

ngreunat n anumite poziii

Apar distorsiuni de cuplu (Jumpy

torque)

Operation of synchronous motor

Stator
n

Pentru a permite pornirea n orice poziie

se folosete o n furare statoric
trifazat (In order to allow starting in any
position a stator with 3 phase winding is
used)

Fiecare faz este divizat n dou

seciuni dispuse diametral opus fa de
axul rotoric (A phase winding is divided in
two parts opposite side of stator)

Excitation Magnetul permanent este nlocuit cu

o nfurare de c.c.(Rotor permanent magnet is
Product service - 7
7.2.2003

also replaced with winding)

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Operation of synchronous motor

DC pulse control (simple method)
Curent
Cuplu

Cuplul nu este neted,prezint

distorsiuni (Torque is not smooth)

Funcionarea se aseamn cu
cea a motorului pas cu pas (Step
operation-stepper motor)

AC sinusoidal supply

Product service - 8
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Curent
Cuplu

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Cuplu neted(Smooth torque)

Dac e posibil controlul tensiunii

i frecvenei atunci este posibil i
controlul turaiei (If frequency and
voltage can be controlled also
motor speed can be controlled)

 Product service - 9
7.2.2003

Dependena turaie frecven la motorul sincron- SM frequency vs.

speed

Reversare
rapid
oprire
Uor nainte

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Repede
nainte

Sursa de alimentare (Motor power supply)

Product service - 10
7.2.2003

Cerine principale (Main requirements for the power supply of

motor):
n

Cureni sinusoidali (Sinusoidal phase currents)

Tensiune i frecven variabile (Variable frequency and

voltage)

Pierderi reduse (Low losses -cyclo >99,5 % at rated load)

Uurina conectrii la reeaua de consumatori (Can be easily

connected to utilitys power network)

Control rapid al cuplului i curenilor (Fast control of currents

for fast torque control)

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CICLOCONVERTORUL-Cycloconverter
CONSTANT FREQUENCY AC
NETWORK 50 / 60 HZ

3 -PHASE

VARIABLE FREQUENCY
0...20 / 24 HZ

Product service - 11
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Input frequency 50 or 60 Hz + 5 %

Input voltage 1000V(1000V or 1200V in marine)

Output voltage controllable 01500V(01570 in marine)

Output frequency controllable 0...20 / 24 Hz

Auxiliary voltage 220..690VAC

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Supply network
Three phase constant frequency (50
Hz or 60 Hz) constant voltage system
u

r
time

Product service - 12
7.2.2003

20 ms (for 50 Hz)
16.7 ms (for 60 Hz)

1 second = 1000 milliseconds

= 1000 ms

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SCR thyristor
Semiconductor switch
n

Switches in the rectifiers have to be fast, in 50 Hz network they have to close and
open 50 times every second

Thus mechanical switches are unsuitable and a semiconductor switch is used

instead

A high power thyristor is a 0.5 mm thick and 50 - 150 mm diameter disk of silicon
packed in a housing made of metal and ceramics

A thyristor can withstand a voltage of over 5000 volts and conduct a current of
several thousand amperes(4200 or 5200 Volts SCRs used in cycloconverter)

Thyristor is controlled by a short gate current pulse of few amperes (the firing
pulse)

Product service - 13
7.2.2003

Anode

Cathode

K
G
Gate

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Controlled
bridge
DC
voltage
can be varied

ur

=0

U output

time

us

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ut

u+

Average voltage

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Output voltage can be

controller by
controlling firing angle

Motor current can be

controlled by
controlling drive
output voltage

 Product service - 15
7.2.2003

Firing angle

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Sinusoidal output
Supply
voltage

U output

Product service - 16
7.2.2003

I output

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Positive and negative thyristor bridge

1

Thyristor bridge
change time

0,5

I
0

90

180

-0,5

Product service - 17
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-1

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270

360

Phase currents
Phase currents of a rolling mill cycloconverter drive, f = 8 Hz (simulation)

1.5

Phase b current

Phase a current

Phase c current

per unit

0.5

0
600

620

640

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

Time (ms)
-0.5

Product service - 18
7.2.2003

-1

-1.5

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800

Phase voltages
Phase voltages of a rolling mill cycloconverter drive, f = 8 Hz (simulation)

1.5

Phase a voltage

Phase b voltage

Phase c voltage

per unit

0.5

0
600

620

640

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

Time (ms)
-0.5

Product service - 19
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-1

-1.5

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800

Cycloconverter drive
Phase

Product service - 20
7.2.2003

current

Excitation current
(DC current)

Positive bridge

Negative bridge

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Operation curves, VOLTAGE and FLUX

All electrical motors have a so called base speed or
nominal speed. On AC motors it is related to frequency.
Constant flux/torque range

Nominal
flux

Field weakening/
constant power range

Flux

Nominal
voltage

at this speed the motor voltage is nominal(100%)

below this speed excitation current is kept constant
if speed is increased above this speed motor flux has to
be reduced to prevent motor over voltage .
Stator voltage formula is Us = *
= flux, controlled by excitation current
= speed

Voltage

This means that faster the motor is running the higher is

the voltage provided that flux is kept constant
At zero speed flux is nominal 100% and speed 0%, thus
Us=100% * 0% = 0%

Base speed

Speed

Product service - 21
7.2.2003

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At nominal speed both flux and speed are nominal, then

Us=100% * 100% =100%=Nominal voltage
If speed is increased over the base speed then flux(i.e..
excitation current) has to be reduced. For example 2 *
base speed.
Us= * = 50% * 200% = 100%

Operation curves, TORQUE

Constant flux/torque range

Field weakening/
constant power range

Motor torque formula is T = * Is

= flux, controlled by excitation current
Is = stator current

Torque

Flux

Normally all drives can produce full current

through the whole speed range. Same applies
also to cycloconverter.

Stator current

Because flux is reduced in field weakening area

the absolute torque(Nm) is reduced.

Base speed

Speed

Product service - 22
7.2.2003

Motor torque is the product of flux and torque.

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Operation curves, POWER

Constant flux/torque range

Flux

Field weakening/
constant power range

Motor shaft power is product of torque and speed.

Motor power formula is P = T *
T = Torque
= motor speed

Torque

This means that full power could be reached only

at base speed.

Power
Power

Speed

Base speed

Speed

Product service - 23
7.2.2003

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Operation curves, propeller and fan

Constant flux/torque range

Field weakening
constant power range

Load curve of propeller or fan is quadratic.

Motor torque

For example in cruise liner main propulsion field

weakening point could be 125rpm and maximum speed
Maximum power
145rpm.

Power

Propeller load curve

Product service - 24
7.2.2003

125rpm

Speed

145rpm

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Operation curves, rolling mill

Constant flux/torque range

2
1

Field weakening
constant power range

Rolling mills and extrudes are constant load machines.

The load depends on the rolling schedule and material.
In Extruder load depends mainly on material.

Torque
4

On the example there are roughing mill passes 15.

First passes are at low speed and high torque

5
Power

125rpm

Speed

Product service - 25
7.2.2003

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