Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
WAVES
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1.
A travelling wave has the frequency v and the particle displacement amplitude A. For the wave the particle velocity
amplitude is ... and the particle acceleration amplitude is ....
(1983, 2M)
2.
Sound waves of frequency 660 Hz fall normally on a perfectly reflecting wall. The shortest distance from the wall
at which the air particles have maximum amplitude of vibration is .... m.
(1984, 2M)
3.
Two simple harmonic motions are represented by the equation y1 = 10 sin (3t + /4) and y2 = 5 (sin 3t +
3 cos
(1986, 2M)
In a sonometer wire, the tension is maintained by suspending a 50.7 kg mass from the free end of the wire. The
suspended mass has a volume of 0.0075m3. The fundamental frequency of vibration of the wire is 260 Hz. If the
suspended mass is completely submerged in water, the fundamental frequency will become .... Hz. (1987, 2M)
5.
1
[1+ ( x 1) 2 ]
1
1+ x2
at time t = 0
at t = 2s, where x and y are in metres. The shape of the wave disturbance does not change
(1990, 2M)
6.
A cylinderical resonance tube open at both ends has fundamental frequency f in air. Half of the length of the tube
is dipped vertically in water. The fundamental frequency of the air column now is .....
(1992, 2M)
7.
A bus is moving towards a huge wall with a velocity of 5ms 1. The driver sounds a horn of frequency 200 Hz. The
frequency of the beats heard by a passenger of the bus will be .... Hz. (Speed of sound in air = 342ms 1)
(1992, 2M)
8.
A plane progressive wave of freqeuncy 25 Hz, amplitude 2.5 105 m and initial phase zero propagates along the
negative x-direction with a velocity of 300 m/s. At any instant, the phase difference between the oscillations at two
points 6 m apart along the line of propagation is ..... and the corresponding amplitude difference is .....m.
(1997, 1M)
TRUE/FALSE
1.
7
5
The ratio of the velocity of sound in hydrogen gas = to that in helium gas = at the same temperature
5
3
is
21
.
5
(1983; 2M)
2.
A plane wave of sound travelling in air is incident upon a plane water surface. The angle of incidence is 60.
Assuming Snell's law to be valid for sound waves, it follows that the sound wave will be refracted into water away
from the normal.
(1984; 2M)
3.
A source of sound with frequency 256 Hz is moving with a velocity v towards a wall and an observer is stationary
between the source and the wall. When the observer is between the source and the wall he will hear beats.
(1985; 3M)
120
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1/2
4.
5.
6.
1
y = 4 cos2 t sin (1000t)
2
This expression may be considered to be a result of
the superposition of ................. independent harmonic
motions.
(1992; 2M)
(a) two
(b) three
(c) four
(d) five
7.
2
(b) 300
2 1
2
(c) 300
2 1
2 1
(d) 300
8.
9.
1/2
2 1
(a) 300
121
x
of the wire is y1 = A sin sin t, and energy is E1
L
and in other experiment its displacement is y2 = A
2x
sin
sin 2 t and energy is E2 . Then :
L
(2001; 1M)
(a) E2 = E1
(b) E2 = 2E1
(c) E2 = 4E1
(d) E2 = 16E1
16. Two pulses in a stretched string, whose centres are
initially 8 cm apart, are moving towards each other as
shown in the figure. The speed of each pulse is 2
cm/s. After 2 s the total energy of the pulses will
be :
(2001; 2M)
Stationary
siren
(165 Hz)
22m/s, 176 Hz
(a) 33 m/s
(c) zero
(b) 22 m/s
(d) 11 m/s
8cm
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Motorcyle
zero
purely kinetic
purely potential
partly kineic and partly potential
(a)
L
3
(b)
4L
3
(c)
4L 1
3 2
(d)
4L 2
3 1
122
(a) n = 3, f2 =
3
f1
4
(b) n = 3, f2 =
5
f1
4
(c) n = 5, f2 =
5
f1
4
(d) n = 5, f2 =
3
f1
4
2.
3.
4.
5.
x
B
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
P
D
m
(a) l/5
(c) 4l/5
(b) l/4
(d) 3l/4
(a)
3
j m/s
50
(b)
3
jm/s
50
(c)
3
i m/s
50
(d)
3
i m/s
50
( c + v)
c
( c v)
(b) The wavelength of reflected wave is f ( c + v)
( c + v)
(c) The frequency of the reflected wave is f ( c v)
8.
vf
c v
103
Hz
2
[(4 x + 5t )2 + 5]
0.8
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
(d) f = 104 Hz
124
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
x
y = 4 sin cos (96 t)
15
where x and y are in cm and t in seconds.
(1985; 6M)
(i) What is the maximum displacement of a point at x
= 5 cm?
(ii) Where are the nodes located along the string?
(iii) What is the velocity of the particle at x = 7.5 cm
at t = 0.25 s?
(iv) Write down the equations of the component waves
whose superposition gives the above wave.
Two tuning forks with natural frequencies of 340 Hz
each move relative to a stationary observer. One fork
moves away from the observer, while the other moves
towards him at the same speed. The observer hears
beats of frequency 3 Hz. Find the speed of the tuning
fork.
(1996; 8M)
The following equations represent transverse waves;
z1 = A cos (kx t)
z2 = A cos (kx + t)
z3 = A cos (ky t)
Identify the combination (s) of the waves which will
produce (i) standing wave (s), (ii) a wave travelling in
the direction making an angle of 45 degrees with the
positive x and positive y-axes. In each case, find the
position at which the resultant intensity is always zero.
(1987; 7M)
6m
C
126
Passage - 2
5.
Passage - 1
Two plane harmonic sound waves are expressed by
the equations.
y1 (x, t) = cos (0.5 x 100t)
y2 (x, t) = cos (0.46 x 92t)
(All parameters are in MKS) :
(a)
How many times does an observer hear maximum
intensity in one second ?
(2006; 5M)
(a) 4
(b) 10
(c) 6
(d) 8
2.
(c)
3.
(2006; 5M)
6.
(b)
f1
f2 Frequency
f1
f2 Frequency
f1
(d)
f1
3. 1 : 1
2. T
3.
4.
TRUE/FALSE
1. F
127
f 2 Frequency
ANSWERS
1. 2vA, 42 v2 A
f2 Frequency
Intensity
COMPREHENSION
Intensity
4.
Intensity
Intensity
1.
Intensity
240
5. 0.5
6. f
(c)
(a)
(c)
(c)
2. (b)
9. (a)
16. (b)
23. (c)
3.
10.
17.
24.
(a)
(d)
(b)
(d)
4. (c)
11. (a)
18. (a)
25. (a)
5. (c)
12. (b)
19. (b)
26. (a)
6.
13.
20.
27.
(b)
(d)
(b)
(a)
7. (a)
14. (d)
21. (c)
2. (a, b, c, d) 3. (a, c)
9. (b, c)
10. (a, c)
4. (a, b, d)
11. (a, c, d)
5. (b, c)
12. (b, c, d)
6. (b, c)
7. (a)
13. (a, b, c, d)
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. 7.87 Hz
4. 0.12 m
5. 11 Hz
15
7. 1.5 m/s
8. (i) z1 and z2 ; x = (2n +1)
+ 2 .... etc.
9. (i) 599.33 Hz (ii) 0.935 km, 621.53 Hz
11. (a)
2 b
,
(b) yr = 0.8 A cos (ax bt) (c) 1.8 Ab, zero (d) y = 1.6 A sin ax sin bt + 0.2 A cos (ax + bt)
a 2
(1) n
Antinodes are at x = n + 2 a . Travelling wave is propagating in negative x-direction.
3
12. (i) 6.28 10 s (ii) 1.57 103 s
13. y = 106 sin (0.1 ) sin (25000 t), y1 = 106 sin (25000 t 5x) y2 = 106 sin (25000 t + 5x)
14. 403.3 Hz to 484 Hz
16. (a)
15.
2v(v + vm ) f
2
(v 2 v0 )
P0
15
m (b) +
(c) equal to mean pressure (d) P0 + P0 . P0 P0
16
2
dH
= (1.11 102 ) H , 43 s
dt
18.
20. (a)
22.
2 a 2T
4l
23. vT = 30 m/s
400
3
(b)
189
4
21. 336m/s
COMPREHENSION
1. (a)
2.(a)
3.(d)
4. (b)
128
5.(a)
6.(a)
t1 =
2
=
4
SOLUTIONS
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1.
2.
5.
1
1+ x2
v 330
=
= 0.5 m
f 660
at
6.
1
1 + ( x + vt 1) 2
x = x + vt 1
vt = 1
t = 2 sec
v = 0.5 m/sec
f=
V
2l
A1 = 10 (directly)
f =
+ 5 3 sin 3t +
2
or
= 10 3 s
V + V0
f'= f
V Vs
vs = 5 m/s
A2
5 3
4.
A1
10
=
= 1
A2
10
Fundamental frequncey f =
1
v
=
2l 2l
T
,f T
342 + 5
= 200
Hz
3425
= 205.93 Hz
Beat frequency = f ' f = (205.93 200)
= 5.93 Hz = 6 Hz
Wavelength =
v 300
=
f
25
= 12 m
f'
f =
W F
W
Here, W = weight of mass and F = upthrust
Phase difference =
=
W F
W
Substituting the values, we have
(b)
f = f
f ' = 260
v0= 5 m/s
(a)
f' =f
A2 = ( 5) + (5 3 ) = 10
2
V
V
=
= f
4(l / 2) 2l
2
(path difference)
2
6 =
12
2p
(50.7) g (0.0075)(103 ) g
= 240 Hz
(50.7)g
y1 y2
So,
f closed = fc =
2
2
fc =
TRUE/FALSE
1.
vsound =
vH
vHe
2.
RT
M
H 2 / M H
2.
2
Hel, M He
(7/5)/2
(5/3)/4
Sound wave
l
2
v
v
=
= f0 = f
l
2l0
4
2
Wave velocity v =
coefficientof t = 2 f = f
2 /
coefficientof x
42
25
3.
Air
v
4lc
Denser
f closed =
fopen =
y0
2
v
= 512 Hz
4l
v
= 2 f closed = 1024 Hz
2l
Rare
Water
4.
3.
y = 2a sin kxsin t
is equation of stationary wave which gives a node at
x = 0.
5.
S'
Wall
6.
f open = f0 =
v
v
3
=
4l1
2l2
l1 1
l2 = 6
t
) sin (1000t)
2
v
2lo
130
7.
1 T = 1 Vg
2l
2l
9.
or
T
Therefore,
v x
x is increased to 1.5 times i.e. speed will increase by
w = 1g/cm 3
f'= f
V Vs
330
= 450
33033
f ' = 500 Hz
V
T' = mg upthrust = Vg w g
2
Vg
( 2 w )
2
The new fundamental frequency is
=
v =
11. v =
(Vg / 2)( 2 w )
1
T
1
=
2l
2l
2 w
v'
=
2
v
vmax = A
...(2)
t = 2l /
1/2
or
2 w
v' = v
8.
Hz
T
1.6
= 2 0.4 /
= 0.1 sec
2
10 / 0.4
1/2
2 1
= 300
dy
= A cos(t kx)
dt
f1 =
v
and
2l
f1 = f
v vs
13.
340
340
f1 = f
= f 306
34034
v
f 2 = 3
4l
3v v
v
=
4l 2l 4l
v
= 100 Hz
4l
v
or f1 = 200 Hz
2l
340
340
f2 = f
= f
34017
323
and
f1
323 19
=
f2 = 306 18
1 T
1
=
2l
2l
I
1
=
A 2l
T
r 2
1
rl
v1
r2 l2 r 2 L
=
=
=1
v2
r1 l1 2r L
v + vB
6.0 = 5
v
Here,
v = speed of sound
vA = speed of train A
vB = speed of train B
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2), we get
and
x
16. y1 = A sin sin t
L
dx
2
= 1 = 2L
1 L
dE =
1
(dx) 2 ( A( x )) 2
2
E1 =
1 2 2
x
A sin 2 dx
2
L
0
3 3 0 v
330 + v
f1 = f2 176
= 165 330
33022
2x
y2 = A sin
sin 2t
L
2 2
=
2 = L
2
L
dE =
E2 = 2 2 A 2
v
3v
=
4(0.1 + l )
4(0.35 + l )
dx
1
(dx)( 42 )( A( x)) 2
2
L
2x
sin 2
dx
L
E2 = A E 2 = 4E1
2
Mg
1
L 1
2 A 2 = 2 A 2
2
2 4
2x
A( x) = A sin
3
2l
vB
=2
vA
18. Let f0 = frequency of tuning fork
x
A( x) = A sin
L
v + vA
5.5 = 5
we get,
v + v0
17. Using the formula f' = f
132
v0
v
3 c = L
open
4L
Lopen =
as
4 v0
4 1
L
L=
3 vc
3 2
f1 =
v
= 3 + 4
4l
v
(2nd harmonic of open pipe)
l
v
f2 = n
4l
(nth harmonic of closed pipe)
Here, n is odd and f2 > f1
It is possible n = 5
because with n = 5
f2 =
340
+ 4
= 3
3 0.75
= 344 Hz
correct option is (a)
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (MORE THAN ONE OPTION)
5 v 5
= f1
4 l 4
1.
2.
v
3V
24. f = 4L = 4L
1
2
30
2
=
Hz. Wavelength =
= m
2
k
Further, 60 t and 2x are of same sign. Therefore, the
wave should travel in negative x-direction.
All the options are correct.
Frequency f =
v
3V
L1 =
, L2 =
4f
4f
L2 L1 =
2v
4f
v = 2 f ( L2 L1)
3.
v
f = n where, n = 1, 3, 5 ...
4l
v = 2 f ( L2 + L1)
= 2 512 ( 0. 2)
= 204 .8 cm/sec
fv
25.
Further
or
or
= 30 m/s
k
Speed of wave v =
T
fAB = 2fCD
TAB = 4TCD
...(1)
p = 0
TAB (x) = TCD (l x)
4x = l x (as TAB = 4TCD )
x = l/5
l=
nv
4f
(1)(330)
100 cm = 31.25 cm
4 264
For n = 3, l3 = 3l1 = 93.75 cm
For n = 5, l5 = 5l1 = 156.25 cm
Correct options are (a) and (c).
For n = 1, l1 =
4.
v
f = n n = 1, 3, 5 ...
4l
For n = 1, f1 =
v 320
=
= 80 Hz
4l 4 1
= 15, k = 10
Speed of wave, V =
= 1.5 m/s
k
Wavelength of wave =
133
2 2
=
= 0.2 m
k 10
9.
T1 > T2
v1 > v2
or
f1 > f2 and f1 f2 = 6 Hz
Now, if T1 is increased f1 will increase or f1 f2 will
increase. Therefore, (d) option is wrong.
If T1 is decreased f1 will decrease and it may be
possible that now f2 f1 becomes 6 Hz. Therefore, (c)
option is correct.
Similarly, when T2 is increased, f2 will increase and
again f2 f1 may become equal to 6 Hz. So, (b) is also
correct but (a) is wrong.
c+v c v
v
= 1+ = f 1 + (option a)
c
c
Same frequency will be reflected from the wall and
=
O
(0, 0)
A
(L, 0)
f (1 + v / c)
1 + v / c
f = f
1
(1 v/ c)
1 v / c
(1 + v / c ) f
2 vf
=
(1 v / c )
c v
v 10
= =1
10 10
(Given : v = 10 m/s)
2a f = 1
3
,
etc.
2 2
1
2a
f=
(Given)
1
2 103
103 Hz
2
Speed of wave v = f
50
=
v=
= 5 m/s option c)
k 10
Wavelength is given by
f=
a = 103 m
3
,
(option a)
2 2
Antinode occurs when kx = , 3 etc.
10 x = , 3
(L, L)
B
Line OA i.e., y = 0
0 x L
AB i.e., x = L
0 x L
BC i.e. y = L
0 x L
OC i.e., x = 0
0y L
The above conditions are satisfied only in alternatives
(b) and (c).
Note that u (x, y) = 0 for all four values e.g. in
alternative (d), u (x, y) = 0 for y = 0, y = L but it is not
zero for x = 0 or x = L. Similarly in option (a) u (x, y)
= 0 at x = L, y = L but it is not zero for x = 0 or y =
0 while in options (b) and (c), u (x, y) = 0 for x = 0, y
= 0 x = L and y = L
distancetravelled
wavelength
c2
reflected
f ( c + v)
(0, L)
103 1
s
(10 m/s) =
2
= 2 10 m
,I
.
4r
r2
But the total intensity of the spherical wave over the
2 2 1
=
=
=
k 10 5
= 0.2 m (option d)
134
12. y( x, t ) =
0.8
( 4x + 5t ) 2 + 5
0.8
4
25 t +
5
x + 5
3.
5
m
4
5
m = 2.5m
2
Distance travelled in 2 s
x = 2V =
0.8
= 0. 16m.
5
f' = 399 Hz
v
Using f' = f
v + vs
4.
or
300
399 = 400
300 + vs
vs = 0.752 m/sec
v=
T /
vtop
vBottom
TBottom
f top
f bottom
or
5.
6+2
=2
2
...(1)
= 2
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Frequency heard by the observe due to S' (reflected
wave) :
v + v0
330 + 5
= 256
f = f
v
330 5
s
= 263.87 Hz
Beat frequency fb = f ' f = 7.87 Hz
2.
Ttop
1.
= 52 m/sec.
3
m 2 2.5 10
2
T
=
V
=
V
=
(52) 2 = 27.04 N
1
1
0.25
l
Since y( x, t) = f t + form
V
V
V1 = l1 8 + 2
4l2
or
v=
v v
2 1 2 = 8
2l1 4l2
v=
48.4
= 22m/s
0.1
Fundamental frequency f0 =
6.
(i) y = 4 sin
x
cos (96t) = Ax cos (96t)
15
Here, Ax = 4 sin
135
v
22
=
= 11Hz
2l 2 1
x
15
at
x = 5 cm, Ax = 4 sin
= 4 sin
5
15
= 2 3 cm
3
8.
x
= 0, , 2 ......
15
x = 15 cm, 30 cm etc.
or
or
y
vp =
t
x
= 384 sin cos (96t)
15
x=constant
At x = 7.5 cm and t = 0.25 s
vs = 1.5m/s
(i) For two waves to form a standing wave, they must
be identical and should move in opposite directions.
Therefore z1 and z2 will produce a standing wave.
The equation of standing wave in this case would be
z = z1 + z2 = 2 cos kx cos t = Ax cos t
Here,
Ax = 2A cos kx
Resultant intensity will be zero, at the positions where,
Ax = 0
or kx = (2n + 1)
kx + ky
kx ky
t cos
z = z1 + z3 = 2A cos
2
The resultant intensity is zero, where,
15
xy
cos k
=0
2
and
7.
or x = (2n + 1)
4
(iv) Amplitude of components waves is A = = 2 cm
2
= 96 and k =
2 340 vs
=3
340
k (x y)
= (2n + 1)
2
2
y1 = 2 sin x 96 t
15
or
y2 = 2 sin x + 96t
15
or (x y) = (2n + 1)
Given f1 f2 = 3Hz
9.
v
v
f
=3
or f
v vs
v + vs
where n = 0, + 1, + 2, ...etc.
k
1200 + 40
f1 =
580 = 599 .33 hz
1200 + 40 40
Frequency of the echo
(1)
(2)
1200 40 + 40
1200 1240
f2 =
f1 =
580 = 620 hz
1200 40
1160 1200
340
340
or 340
340
=3
340 vx
340 + vs
1
1
vs
vs
340
1
+
or 340 1
=3
340
340
as
vs < < 340 m/s
Using binomial expansion, we have
T0
v
v
340 1 + s 340 1 s = 3
340
340
t=
136
x
1
1 x
=
+
40 1240 1160
1x
Hill
x=
1 1 x
+
310 290
10 x =
x=
29 + 31 31 x
8990 x = 60 31x
( 29)( 31)
60
60000
km =
m = 6. 65m
9021
9021
5
= 2f = 2 = 10 rad/s
Since, angular frequency of source of sound and of
detector are equal, their time periods will also be equal.
v + v0
f max = f
v vs
340 + 60
= 340
= 485 .7 Hz
340 340
y
= Ab sin (ax + bt) 0.8 A b sin (ax bt)
t
Maximum particle speed can be 1.8 Ab, where
sin (ax + bt) = + 1 and sin (ax bt) = + 1
and minimum particle speed can be zero, where
sin (ax + bt) and sin (ax bt) both are zero.
(d) The resultant wave can be written as,
y = [0.8 A cos (ax + bt) 0.8 A cos (ax bt)] + 0.2A
cos (ax + bt)
= 1.6 A sin ax sin bt + 0.2 A cos (ax + bt)
In this equation, ( 1.6 A sin ax sin bt) is the equation
of standing wave and 0.2 A cos (ax + bt) is the
equation of travelling wave. The travelling wave is
travelling in negative x-direction.
Antinodes are the points where,
vp =
sin ax = + 1 or ax = n + ( 1) n
2
(1)n
x = n + 2 a
or
B
b
2
12. 1 2 = 103 hz
Minimum frequency will be heard in the position shown
above,
v v0
f min = 340
v + vs
y1 = A sin 1t
y2 = A sin 2t
y = y1 + y2 = A(sin 1t + sin 2t)
2
+ 2
= 2 A cos 1
t sin 1
t
2
2
340 60
= 340
340 + 60
2
A( t) = 2 A cos 1
t
2
= 257.3 Hz
11. (a) Wavelength of incident wave =
2
a
Let
137
1 2
103
= =
hz
2
2
Intensity = 4 A 2 cos2 ( t)
= 2f = 2
I
I0 = 4 A2
I0
2
I0 = =2 A
2
t = 0 2
3
2
t =
When I 0 =
s=
= 2 10 3s
10
+3
2
= 25000
y = (106 ) sin (5x) sin (25000 t)
Therefore, y at a distance x = 2 cm
= 2 102 m
is y = (106 ) sin (5 2 102 ) sin (25000 t)
or y = 106 sin (0.1) sin (25000 t)
(b) The equations of constitutent waves are
y1 = A sin (t kx) and y2 = A sin (t + kx)
or y1 = 106 sin (25000 t 5x)
and y2 = 106 sin (25000 t + 5x)
14. Vs = Speed of source (whistle) = R = 1.5 20
= 30 m/sec
I0
2 A2 = 4 A 2 cot2 ( t)
2
cot 2 ( t ) =
P
va
1
1
cos t =
2
2
, + , + , 2
4 2 4
4
4
t =
3 5 7
t=
,
,
,
...
4 4 4 4
fmax = f
v vs
= 10 3s
10 3
2
2
13. Speed of longitudial travelling wave in the rod will be
t1 =
=
=
4 2
330
= (440)
Hz
33030
fmax = 484 Hz
2 1011
= 5000 m/s
8000
Amplitude at antinode = 2A (Here, A is the amplitude
of constitutent waves)
V =
Y
=
/4
A
Centre
x=0
N
and
/2
N
N N
= 2 106m
5
2
2l (2)(1.0)
=
m = 0.4 m
5
5
Hence, the equation of motion at a distance x from the
mid-point will be given by
y = A sin kx sin t
Here,
k =
fmin = f
v + vs
330
= (440)
330 + 30
fmin = 403.33Hz
Therefore, range of frequencies heard by observer is
from 403.33 Hz to 484 Hz.
A = 106 m
l=
v
5000
= 2
rad/s
0.4
2
= 5
0.4
138
v + vm
f1 = f
v + vb
v + v0
Using f ' = f
v + vs
v + vm
and in case 2, f2 =f
v vb
Obviously f2 > f1
Beat frequency
v + vm
v + vm
f
fb = f2 f1 = f
v vb
v + vb
or
fb =
2vb (v + vm )
v2 vb2
L1 = 4.8 m
Mass = 0.06 kg
5
4
x = x, P = P0 sin kx
0.06
1
kg/m and mass per unit length of wire
=
4.8
80
QR is m2 =
L=
v1 =
5v
m
4 440
5 330 15
=
m
4 440 16
t=
Ar =
3280
Ar =
(3.5) = 1.5 cm
32 + 80
i.e., the amplitude of reflected wave will be 1.5 cm.
Negative sign of Ar indicates that there will be a phase
change of in reflected wave. Similarly,
L 15/16
=
m or
2
2
8 15
P = + P0 sin
3 32
P0
2
v2 v1
2 v2
Ai and At =
Ai
v2 + v1
v2 + v1
(15/32) m will be
P = +
t = 0.14 s
(b) The expression for reflected and transmitted amplitudes
(Ar and At) in terms of v1, v2 and Ai are as follows:
2 2
8 1
=
=
where, k=
m
3/4 3
5
=+ P0 sin
4
T
80
=
= 32 m/s
m2
1/12.8
15
4
4L
16
3
= = m
=
5
5
4
(b) Open end is displacement antinode. Therefore, it would
be a pressure node.
or at x = 0; P = 0
Pressure amplitude at x = x, will be written as
P = + P0 sin kx
T
80
=
= 80 m/s and speed of wave in
m1
1/80
wire QR is v2 =
0.2
1
=
kg/m
2.56 12.8
v
= 5
= 440
4L
L2 = 2.56 m
Mass = 0.2 kg
Tension T = 80 N
Amplitude of incident wave A1 = 3.5 cm
Mass per unit length of wire PQ is m1
x = 0, P = 0
L=
2 32
At =
(3.5) = 2.0 cm
32 + 80
i.e., the amplitude of transmitted wave will be 2.0 cm.
18. Speed of sound v = 340 m/s
Let lc be the length of air column corresponding to the
fundamental frequency. Then,
139
v
= 212 .5
4l0
or
l0 =
dH
a 2gH = A dt
v
4( 212 .5)
dH
a
2 gH
dt =
A
Substituting the value,s we get
340
=
4(212.5)
= 0.4 m
dH
3.14 106
=
dt
1.26 103
0.4 m
1.2 m
2.0 m
2.8 m
dH
= (1.11 102) H
dt
or
3.2 m
2.4 m
1.6 m
0.8 m
v
3 = 212.5 l1 = 1.2 m
4l1
or
dH
H
2.4
3.2
dH
2)dt
= (1.11 10
= (1.11 102) dt
0
v
5
= 212.5 l2 = 2.0 m
4l2
v
and 7
4l3
2 10 H
= 212 .5 l3 = 2.8 m
vw =
v
9
= 212.5 l4 = 3.6 m
4l4
2.088 109
103
Frequency of sound in water will be
= 1445 m/s
1445
v
f0 = w =
Hz f0 = 105 Hz
14.45 103
w
(a) Frequency of sound detected by receiver (observer) at
rest would be
Source
f0
vw + vr
f1 = f0
vw + v r vs
v=
s 10m/s Observer
(At rest)
vr =2m/s
5 1445 + 2
= (10 )
Hz
1445 + 210
f1 = 1.0069 105 Hz
(b) Velocity of sound in air is
140
RT
M
va =
va
= v
B
(1.4)(8.31)(20 + 273)
28.8 10 3
va w
f2 = f0
va w v s
or
MB
(as TA = TB)
MA
fA
fB =
25 189 3
=
21 400 4
v
21. Fundamental frequency, f = 4( l + 0.6r )
0.6r =end correction
vA
3
vB = 4 (as lA = lB)
or
or
A
B
MB
189
Substituting M =
from part (a), we get
400
A
v
v
2 A = 3 B
2lA
4l B
B RTB
MB
34 4 5
= 105
Hz
344510
f2 = 1.0304 105 Hz
A RT A
MA
= 344m/s
(as IA = IB)
A RT A
MA
B RTB
MB
A
B
3
4
=
or = 2l, k =
l
2
The amplitud at a distance x
22. l =
MB
3
=
(as TA = TB)
MA
4
MA
16
= A
MB
B 9
5 / 3 16
=
7 / 5 9
x=0
x=l
/2
5
7
A = 3 and B = 5
x = 0 is given by A = a sin kx
Total mechanical energy at x of length dx is
MA
25 16
400
=
=
MB
189
21 9
(b) Ratio of fundamental frequency in pipe A and in pipoe
B is :
dE =
or
1
( dx ) ( a sin kx ) 2 (2f )2
2
dE = 22 f2 a 2 sin 2 kx dx
=
or
fA
v A / 2l A
=
fB
vB / 2lB
1
(dm)A2 2
2
f = v = and k =
l
2 (4l 2 )
2
Here,
141
fb = f1 f2
100 92
2
2
= 4Hz
=
2 a 2T
E=
4l
v
, we have
23. From the realtion f' = f
v vs
and
2.
300
2.2 = f
300 VT
...(1)
300
1.8 = f
300 + VT
...(2)
3.
4.
or
v=
100
92
or
0.5
0.46
At x = 0, y = y1 + y2
2A cos 96t cos 4t
Frequency of cos (96t) function is 48 Hz and that of
cos (4t) function is 2 Hz.
In one second cos function bcomes zero at 2f times,
where f is the frequency. Tehfefore, fist function will
become zero at 96 times and the seecond at 4 times.
But second will not overlap with first. Hence, net y will
become zero 100 times in 1s.
n
2l
5.
T
= 100
6.
0. 5
1 10 3 = 100 ; n = 4
20 10 2
B
340m/s 340m/s
30m/s
34030
f'1 = 800
= 775 Hz
34020
34030
f'2 = 1120
= 1085 Hz
34020
Spread of frequency = f'2 f'1 = 310 Hz
The correct option is (a).
and
COMPREHENSION
Passage I
1.
Passage II
Velocity of wave
= 20 m/s
k
n
2 20
v=
= 200 m/s
Speed of wave
142