Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1.
2.
An electric bulb rated for 500 W at 100 V is used in a circuit having a 200 V supply. The resistance R that must
be put in series with the bulb delivers 500 W is ..... .
(1987, 2M)
The equivalent resistance between points A and B of the circuit given below is ......
(1997, 2M)
2R
A
3.
2R
In the circuit shown below, each battery is 5 V and has an internal resistance of 0.2. The reading of V is
...............
(1997, 2M)
TRUE/FALSE
1.
2.
Electrons in a conductor have no motion in the absence of a potential difference across it.
(1982; 2M)
The current voltage graphs for a given metallic wire at two different temperatures T1 and T2 are shown in the figure.
The temperature T2 is greater than T1 .
(1985; 3M)
I
T1
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
2.
i
30
2V
30
30
231
(a)
1
A
45
(b)
1
A
15
(c)
1
A
10
(d)
1
A
5
3.
4.
5.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
8.
7.
A
A
A
A
IR =
IP =
IQ =
IQ =
P
S
IG
IG
IG
IR
R5
R2
R1
R6
R3
R4
(c) R1 R4 = R2 R3
(d) R1 R3 = R2 R4
4
(a)
9
6.
0.50
0.25
0.50
0.25
1
1
1
1
(b) R + R = R + R + R + R
5
6
1
2
3
4
4R
(c)
is
is
is
is
(a) R1 R2 R5 = R3 R4 R6
R
6R
resistor
resistor
resistor
resistor
9.
the 3
the 3
the 4
the 4
(b) 2
8
3
(d) 18
A steady current flows in a metallic conductor of nonuniform cross-section. The quantity/quantities constant along the length of the conductor is/are :
(1997; 2M)
(a) current, electric field and drift speedc
(b) drift speed only
(c) current and drift speed
(d) current only
2
2V
9V
(a) V
(c) V/3
232
2R
(b) V/2
(d) 2V/4
2R
2R
r
2R
(a)
2Rr
R+r
2R
(b)
(c) 2r + 4R
R2
R1
2R
(d)
8R ( R + r )
3R + R
G
A
5R
+ 2r
2
(b) x/4
(d) 2x
B2
B1
II
B3
250V
(a) W1 > W2 = W3
(c) W1 < W2 = W3
(a) x
(c) 4x
III
IV
(a) III < II < IV < I (b) II < III < IV < I
(c) I < IV < III < II (d) I < III < II < IV
(b)
(a)
(a) P and Q
(c) P and R
V
(c)
(d)
(b) Q and R
(d) any two points
233
A
C1
B1
(a) B and C
(c) A and D
l/2
(b) C and D
(d) B1 And C1
C
A
Q
P
t
(a) P
(c) R
S
R
In I
l/2
2r
(b) Q
(d) S
R1
C1
R2
C1
R1
C2
C2
R2
21. A rigid containder with thermally insulated walls contains a coil of resistance 100, carrying current 1A.
Change in internal energy after 5 min will be: (2005)
(a) zero
(b) 10 kJ
(c) 20 kJ
(d) 30 kJ
R1
C1
10V
10
2
(a) 5A
(c) zero
(b) 2A
(d) 4A
20V
C2
R1 = 1, R2 = 2, C1 = 4F, C2 = 2F
(a) 18, 4, 8/9
(b) 18, 8/9, 4
(c) 4, 18, 8/9
(d) 4, 8/9, 18
26. A circuit is connected as shown in the figure with the
switch S open. When the switch is closed, the total
234
6F
2.
3.
4.
9V
(a) Zero
(c) 27C
(b) 54C
(d) 81C
2k R1
24V 6k
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(2009; M)
R2
RL
1.5k
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(a) P1 > P2 > P3
(c) P2 > P1 > P3
1.
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
More than one options are correct?
1.
r1
E1
r2
E2
r3
E3
2.
235
7.
3
C
A
6V
2.8
V = 6volt
3.
4.
5.
A steady current passes througt a cylindrical conductor. Is there an electric field inside the conductor?
(1982; 2M)
Two resistors, 400 and 800 are connected in series
with a 6 V battery. It is desired to measure the current
in the circuit. An ammeter of 10 resistance is used for
this purpose. What will be the reading in the ammeter
? Similarly, if a voltmeter of 1000 resistance is useed
to measure the potential differences across the 400
resistor, what will be the reading in he voltmeter?
(1982; 6M)
In the circuit shown in figure E, F, G, H, are cells of
emf 2, 1, 3, and 1V respectively. and their internal
resistances are 2, 1, 3 and 1 respectively.
Calculate :
(1983; 8M)
(i) the potential difference between B and D and
(ii) the potenial difference across the termainls of
each cells G and H.
400
200
l2
l1
3
3 2A a 3A 5
4F
100
100
1A
R4
4V
R3
6.
E2 R2
E3
(1988; 5M)
E1
R1
E
A
100
10V
3V
1
2A
b 3A 2
3
1A
6A
10. Find the emf (V) and internal resistance (r) of a single
battery which is equivalent to a parallel combination of
two batteries of emfs V1 and V2 and internal resistance
r1 and r2 respectively, with polarities as shown in
figure
(1997C; 5M)
236
resistance of 100 , two galvanometers and two resistances of values 106 and 103 respectively. Clearly
show the positions of the voltmeter and the ammeter.
(2004; 4M)
16. R1 , R2 , R3 are difference values of R, A, B, C are the
null points obtainec corresponding to R1 , R2 and R3
respectively. For which resistor the value of X will be
the most accurate and why?
(2005; 2M)
X
R
G
V
R2
12
X
A
1.
237
ANSWERS
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. 20
2.
R
2
3. zero
TRUE/FALSE
1. F
2. T
(b)
(a)
(a)
(c)
(c)
2. (c)
9. (c)
16. (a)
23.(a)
3.
10.
17.
24.
(d)
(b)
(a)
(a)
4. (c)
11. (c)
18. (c)
25. (b)
5. (b)
12. (a)
19. (b)
26. (c)
6.
13.
20.
27.
(d)
(d)
(a)
(a)
7. (d)
14. (a)
21. (d)
2. (b, c)
3.(a, b, d)
4. (a, d)
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. (i) 2V, 1A, 0, 1A (ii) 1A, 2A, 1A, 2A
5. (i)
2
21
19
V (ii)
V,
V
13
13
13
2. 0.9 A
3. Yes
6. 0.288 mJ
7. (ii) 1.5 A
9.
CV
(1 e 2t / 3RC )
2
12. (a) Q =
V1 r2 V2 r1
r1 r2
10. V = r + r , r = r + r
1
2
1
2
20
V
3
(b) l 2 =
11. 0.198 A
l
V 2t / 3RC V
e
,
2R 6R
2R
CVR2
R1 + R2
17. Q0 = R + R , = C R R
1
2
1 2
SOLUTIONS
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1.
2R
A
P 500
=
= 5A
V 100
2.
R
Q
V 100
=
= 20 .
I
5
R
2
2R
A, Q
2R
B, P
3.
238
we
6E 3 5
75
=
=
A which causes
8r
4 0. 2 4
the charging of this cell its terminal p.d. is
have current I =
75
0 .2
4
VT = E + Ir = 5 +
VT =
4.
35
= 8.75 V
4
TRUE/FALSE
1.
2.
Rt = R0 (1 + t )
In 5 resistor
Vd =
I
depends upon A
neA
J = E =
6
Q
7.
I
I
E=
depends upon A.
A
A
Req =
V
I in 4 and 6 is PQ
4 + 6
3R 6R
= 2 R 2R = 4 gives R = 2
3R + 6 R
6.
2.
Req =
H VPQ
50
.4 =
=
.4 = 2 cal/s
In 4 resistor
t 4+6
100
30 60
= 20
30 + 60
3 .6
= 0.45 A
8
3
2
1
=
A
20 10
Correct option is (c).
9V
1A
Hence, I =
Copper, being a metal, has positive temperature coefficient of resistance its resistance decreases in
cooling Germanium is a semiconductor and it has
negative temperature coefficient of resistance its
i4
239
i2
8
i1
3.
= r (internal resistance)
= 4
But network is a balanced wheatstone Bridge
2
H VPQ
2
=
= 10 cal/s VPQ
= 50
t
5
1.
As semiconductors have negative temperature coefficient (due to increase in number density of charge
carriers with rise in temperature)
their resistivity decreases with the rise in temperature.
Y is true
In conducting solids, due to rise in thermal speeds of
i2
2
I through 4 is
4
i3
D
1.8V
= 0.225 A
8
no option is correct??
If one of these 3 is changed to 2
(d)
8.
9.
Vcap + V = V AB =
I R = Ia
(a)
Vcap = V
2V V
=
3
3
2V
3
2R
R1 R2
=
R1R 4 = R2 R3
R3 R4
2R
r
(3E )2
10. In the first case
t = msT
R
2R
...(1)
2R
V
t
H =
R
( NE ) 2
.t = (2m)sT
2R
Dividing Eq. (2) by (1), we get
...(2)
N
= 2 or N2 = 36 or N = 6
18
2R
2R
r
Q
2R
Rr
R+r
2R
2R
2R
Rr
R+r
Q
A, O, B
Rr
Req = R+r
R
C
B
2V
13.
P=
2R
2V V
V
=
which causes changing of upper
3R
3R
cell (V) and discharging of lower cell. (2V)
I=
R1 =
V2
V2
so, R =
R
P
V2
V2
and R2 = R3
100
60
(250) 2
Now,
W1 =
( R1 + R2 ) 2
(250)2
V
V A V + R = V B
3
R
W2 =
V
V B V A = V + 3 = 2V / 3
(250)2
W3 =
R3
and
240
( R1 + R2 ) 2
. R1
.R2
or
W1 : W2 : W3 = 15 : 25 : 64
W1 < W2 < W3
x
2
R AC
x
R
r
=
=
= 1
15. RCB
(100 x ) 100 x R 2 which is indepen
r 2
dent of area of cross section of the wire AB.
q = C (1 e t / RC ) I = dq / dt = ( / R) e t / RC
ln I = ln( / R) t / RC
y = C + mx y ln I x t Hence we get m =
1
RC
R1 = 3R
P=
R2 =
2
R
3
R3 =
R
3
R4 =
3R
2
and
for
same
IG
current
S +G
( I I G ) S = I GG I =
IG
S
P = I 2 R P R
Here we have same I P3 < P2 < P4 < P1
i2
R R
+ R
5
3 2
=
= R
R R
+ + R 11
3 2
R+ R R
4
3 2
=
= R and
R + R R 11
+
3
2
R+RR
3
2 3
=
= R
R + R R 11
+
2
3
100 4
4
10 A = 100 10 A
galvanometer I = 1+
0
.
1
= 100.1 mA
21. No heat escapes entire heat is used to raise
internal energy
U = H = I 2 Rt = 1 100 5 60 = 30kJ
22. As 2 is not the part of any of closed loop / circuit
I through it is zero (open circuit)
23. Time constant = CR = 4 10 6 2.5 10 6 = 10 s
VC + V R = V
and V R = VC / 3
gives VC + (VC / 3 ) = V
3
or VC = V
4
R BC R BC
=
18. In post office box R
R DA
CD
or
241
But
q 3
= V
C 4
VC
3
(1 e t / ) = V
C
4
t
= ln 4 = 2 0.693
e t / = 1/ 4
t = 2 0. 693 10 = 13 .86 s
2
24. H AB = I
l
2r
H AB = I 2
l
2 (2r )
I
I
= 2
A
r
dependson r
E =
I
r
V AB = I
J AB rBC
=
J BC rAB
l
28. P1
1
=
4
2( 2r ) 2
R1R2
25. 1 = (C1 C2 ) ((R1 + R2 ) and 3 = (C1 +C2 )
R1 + R2
P3 =
9
= 4.5W
2
P2 > P1 > P3
(c)
1.
During discharging
I=
C1C2 R1 R2
2 =
C1 + C 2 R1 + R2
dq d
q
= ( q0 e t / RC ) = 0 et / RC changed fully by
dt dt
CR
common battery q0 = C
4 2 8
1 = 18s , 2 = = s
3 3 9
I=
2
and 3 = 6 = 4s
3
t / RC
e
R
at t = 0 I =
non zero.
Now C1 < C 2
9
. 3 = 3V
6+ 3
t
t
>
I1 > I 2
RC1 RC2
C1 loses charge
option (b) and option (d) are correct.
V2 9
9
= = 9W , P2 =
= 18W
Req 1
0. 5
and
VBC
and VBC=I 2 e VAB=
4
2r
l
2.
q3F = 9 C
and V6
2
40 2
=
=
2 + x 60 3
H BC / H BC / H AB = 4
J=
80 l
l
=
l + 20 100 l
RH =
in seires
9
=
.6 = 6V q6 F = 36C
6 +3
RG =
V
RG
IG
50V
100 10 k
50A
for 50 V range
for
10V
range
50 10 6
RS = G RG =
5 10 3 ( 0.5)10 3 100
I IG
But for 10 mA range the required value of shunt is
2
l
=
27.
2 + x 100 l
and
RG =
2+x
l + 20
l + 20
=
=
2
100 l 20 80 l
Rs =
242
10
50 10 6
100 = 0.5
10 10 3 50 10 6
3.
4.
I 1 = I 2 + I 3 3 V AB = V AB 2 + V AB 1
Req
3 V AB = 6
I 2 = 2 2 = OA
and
I 3 = 2 1 = 1A
Now Resistance r2 is short circuited and A is connected to B. using junction law at P we get
I = I1 + I 2 + I3
where 3 I1 1 = 2 0 = 1 I 3 1 = VPQ
I 1 = 3 2 = 1A and I 3 = 1 2 = 1A
But in a loop through 2V cell we
2 I 1 = 0 I = 2 A
V RL = 7.5 10 3 1. 2 103 = 9V
81
PR1 = (7.5 10 ) 2k PR2 =
6k
3 2
I = I1 + I 2 + I3
Hence
I1
2V
P
2 1.5 48
=
k
3.5
7
VRL =
24 6
. = 3V Power dissipated in R
L
(48 / 7) 7
2.
2
VRL
9
=
= 6 mW
is
R L 1.5 103
1.5 10 3
2 = 1+ I 2 1
3V
R = 1
Req = 6 +
81
gives
get
I2 = 2 A
9
3
10 100
100 25
8
PR1 / PR =
=
=
2
27
12
3
10 3
2
Continued from previous page.
It R1 and R2 are interchanged them
I2
I3
1V
6
6
= = 1.5 A
3
2
4
I
through
battery
is
which
2. 8 +
3 +2
causes P.D. of 1.5 1.2 = 1.8 V across combination of
= 54mW
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.
V AB = 2V
I 1 = 3 2 = 1A
24
= 3.2k I =
= 7. 5mA ,
3. 2k
or
3 and 2
current through 2 is
1.8V
= 0.9 A
2
As R is in open circuit
No current flows through it
V AB = VPQ = 3 I1 1 = 3 I
3.
= 2 + I 2 1 = 2 + I 2 (changing)
= 1 + I 3 1 = 1+ I 3
and
(changing)
I 1 = 3 V PQ = 3 V AB , I 2 = VAB 2
I 3 = V AB 1
4.
r=1
1
A
r=1
E=3V
1
I1
E=2V
2
I3
[I =
6
= 4.96 10 3 A6 I ( 400 + 800 + 10) = 0]
1210
Reading of voltmeter = I. R AB
I3
r 3= 1
I
I
gives the electric field
E=
A
A
inside the wire while an electric current flows through
it. (As I = 0 Ein = 0 as charge resides only at outer
surface of a conductor]
J = E =
E=1V
3
243
6 7 200
7600
7
30
= 1.58V
19
5 2
6
Hence V BD = 2 = V
13 13 13
Battery G is discharging
6
21
3= V
13
13
Battery H is charging
VTG = Ir = 3
6V
VTH = + Ir = 1 +
6.
400
6V
V 1000
7.
2 1 2I 1 I 1 2( I 1 I 2 ) = 0
V
6
The current through battery is
R AB = = 3A
2
which causes p.d. of 3 1 = 3V across 1 resistance
I1
2
1V
II
1
2
1V
1
D
3V
5I 1 2I 2 = 10
and in loop BCDB
Solving (1) and (2)
I 2 = (6 / 13) A and
i2
C
I=
3V
= 1.5 A
2
A 1
(i)
3 1 3I 2 I 2 + 2( I 1 I 2 ) = 0
2 I 1 6I 2 = 2
I 1 I 2 = 1
(2)
244
6V
I 1 = ( 5 / 13) A
or
2 R 2 + R + 2R
=
2+ R
2+ R
R2 R 2 = 0
R = 2
2V
i1
Also R = 1 +
2 R + R 2 = 2 + 3R
R AB = R)
1
2
( 4 10 6 )[ 3 (5 + 1) + 3 2]
2
(where v a 3( 5 + 1) + 3 2 = Vb ]
400
5.
U=
1
CVab2
2
= 2.88 10 4 J
800
800
6
19
1 = V
13
13
400
V
400
r2
V2
r1
V1
100 b 100
100
8.
6 4( I 1 + I 2 ) = 0 I 1 + I 2 = 1.5 A
and in loop dhgfted
3 2 + 2I 2 + 4( I 1 + I 2 ) + 3I 2 = 0
10V
(1)
4 I1 + 4 I 2 = 6
5I 2 = 1
r2
i=0
V2
i=0
c i.e. v a 6 0 2( 1 / 5) + 2 = vg
A
V a V g = 2.4V
Hence Energy U =
r1
6 R1
2V
4
2
I+I
1
2
3V
Netemf
V1 + V2
i = Totalresistance = r + r
1
2
E1
5F
I 2 E2
I1
6V
R1
C
V1 + V2
V1 r2 V2 r1
r1 =
VA VB = V1
r1 + r2
r1 + r2
E
I2
9.
If 400 voltmeter is connected across 400 resistance thus the resultant of these tow becomes 200
and the circuit across battery becomes a balanced
what stone bridge
10
1
=
A. [300 and 300
300 30
are in parallel between a and d]
through ab becomes
V1
1
1
CV 2 = (5 10 6 ) ( 2. 4) 2
2
2
U = 1. 44 10 5 J
a
1
20
200 = V
30
3
V1 r2 V2 r1
V =
r1 + r2
Note that if V1 r2 =V2 r1 : V = 0
If V1 r2 > V2 r1 : VA VB = Positive i.e., A side of the
equilvalent battery will become the positive termainl
and vice-versa.
(ii) Internal resistance (r) of the battery
r1 and r2 are in parallel. Therefore, the internal resistnace
r will be given by
1/r = 1/r1 + 1/r2
or
245
r1r2
r = r +r
1
2
q = q0 e t / RC
I =
q0 12/ RC 8. 85 10
e
=
RC
RC
e 12/ RC
dQ
1
=
dt
(CV 2Q) 3CR
0
1
[ln(CV 2Q) ]Q0 = 1 (t 0
2
3CR
2t
CV 2Q
ln
=
3CR
CV
K 0 A
l
1d
=
; C=
d
A A
1 d K 0 A K 0
=
A
d
RC =
at t = 12s
But R =
dq q0 t / C
I=
=
e
dt RC
K 0
8.85 10 6 12 /
I=
e
K 0 /
2Q
= e 2t / 3CR
CV
CV
d
(1 e 2t / 3CR ) and I 1 =
2
dt
Q=
hence I 1 =
12
7.4 10 12 8. 85 10 6 K 0
=
e
5 8.85 10 12
7. 4
10 6 e 12 /5.98
5
= 0 .198 A
=
V 2t / 3CR
e
= V1
3R
1
V
V 1 2t / 3CR
I1 + =
e
+ 1
2
R
2R 3
I=
Current in AB is I I 1 =
I I1 =
V
I
V 1 2t / 3CR
1 =
1 e
2R 2 2 R 3
i1 =
a
II 1
+
R
2 I I1 = V / R
Q
CR
... (i)
12
Q
+ ( I I1 ) R = 0
C
B X
(ii)
(a)
1
But from (i) I = ( I1 + V / R) and substituting it in
2
equation (ii) we get
1
V
Q
I 1 + 2I 1 =
2
R
CR
dQ
dt
I b
2 IR I 1R = V
V
2R
R
f
h
I1
1
V
I 1 + I1
2
R
2Q
3I 1R = V
C
(b)
(c)
dQ
dt
=
(VC 2Q) 3CR
12
60
=
X 100 60
246
X = 8
V
= C
. R2
R1 + R2
External circuit
CVR2
Q0 = R + R
1
2
1
1
is or C R
C
net
R1
R2
Ammeter
10 3
Voltmeter
10
6
G1
G1
100
R1 R2
Rnet = R + R (As R1 and R2 are in parallel)
1
2
15.
Variable DC voltage
B.
1.
R1
17.
1
R + R2
= 1
R R CR1 R2
C 1 2
R1 + R2
R2
247