ENGINEERING DESIGN MANUAL

VOLUME 4 II
ENGINEERING GUIDE

PDVSA No

90619.1.062

TITLE

REVIEW OF MANUFACTURERS DRAWINGS FOR LARGE

MOTORS

AUG.93
REV.

DATE

FOR APPROVAL

PAG.

DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION

DATE AUG. 93
APPR. ELIECER DATE
JIMNEZ APPROVED

L.T.

10
REV.

APPR. ALEJANDRO NEWSKI

APPR.

APPR.

DATE AUG. 93

REVISED
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SPECIALISTS

PDVSA, 1983

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ENGINEERING GUIDE

PDVSA 90619.1.062

AUG.93

REVIEW OF MANUFACTURERS DRAWINGS FOR

LARGE MOTORS

PAGE 1

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INDEX

A.

Scope ................................................................................................................................... 3

B. Physical Aspects .................................................................................................................... 3

C. Technical Aspects ................................................................................................................. 3
ANNEX No. 2 (CONT.) .......................................................................................................... 7
STANDARD MOTOR CURRENT VELOCITY CURVE ................................................. 7
Step No. 3 Times calculated in Step 1 are showed replacing RPM and the time vs.
current curve is drawn. .......................................................................................................... 7
When theoverload relay curve (B) is positioned between the current curve (C) and
the damage curve (a), the protection is complete. ............................................................ 8
When the overload relay curve (B) does not coordinate, an additional relay (D) for
protecting the stalled rotor can be added. .......................................................................... 8
STEP 3: I2t = constant............................................................................................................ 9
STEP 4. Information provided by the manufacturer and the one calculated are shown
on the graph as follows: ......................................................................................................... 9

ENGINEERING GUIDE
REVIEW OF MANUFACTURERS DRAWINGS FOR
LARGE MOTORS

PDVSA 90619.1.062

AUG.93

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A. Scope
Motors will be checked to guarantee that they meet the specifications and that the required
information for design is provided. In addition, every motor will be checked for specific
requirements indicated in the purchase requisition. The objective of this guide is to present the
testing procedures, in addition to those of routine, to be carried out in medium voltage motors
(usually equal to or higher than 200HP.)

B. Physical Aspects
Taking into account that the wires to be used are medium voltage and shielded cables, it is very
important to check the terminal box so that the cables can be properly installed and connected.
Special attention must be paid to stress cones and radius of curvature placing, and installment
and position of other special devices, such as current transformers.

C. Technical Aspects
1.
Make sure that the motor is adequate for the load acceleration. For small motors, torque
characteristics in function of motor velocity are established in NEMA regulations and
selecting the suitable motor can be relied on the equipment manufacturer. However, for
2
large motors, NEMA regulations specifies the WK inertia, through which the motor can
accelerate based on the torque - velocity characteristics and determined voltage
conditions, none of which can be applied in specific cases. Therefore, it is necessary
that real conditions and/or specified requirements are verified in each large motor
considered. The method to use is the following:
1.A

Plot the torque-velocity curve of the actuated equipment.

1.B

Plot the torque-velocity curve of the motor

1.C

Multiply the torque value from section 1.B by the square of the relation between the
minimum expected value of the starting voltage and the nominal voltage value of the
motor.
It is important to notice that motor specifications will usually require that it is suitable for
starting with 80% of nominal voltage. However, there might be particular cases in which
the motor voltage is even lower. The motor manufacturer will not be responsible for
these cases, but it will be still necessary to check up on the correct performance so that
corrective actions can be taken if necessary.

1.D

Draw the curves indicated in sections 1.A and 1.B on the same sheet so that these can
be compared. Regarding curve acceleration, the curve of the motor will be at least 20%
higher than the one corresponding to the actuated equipment.

ENGINEERING GUIDE
REVIEW OF MANUFACTURERS DRAWINGS FOR
LARGE MOTORS

PDVSA 90619.1.062

AUG.93

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1.E

Annex No. 1 contains an example of this procedure.

2.

Verify the motor protection

2.1

Very large motors (power being higher than or equal to 500 HP.)

2.1.A

Obtain the curve of the thermal damage, provided by the motor manufacturer, which is
basically a curve of permissible current vs. time.

2.1.B

Plot a curve of real current vs. time. The method to do this curve is indicated in Annex
No. 2.

2.1.C

Obtain the curve of overload relays (combined with its current transformers), provided
by the motor manufacturers control center.

2.1.D

Overlap these three curves on one page. Motor starting curve must be at the bottom,
the one of thermal damage must be above, and the one of overload relays, in the
middle. If this is not the case, corrective actions required will be taken.

2.1.E

The most frequent difference corresponds to that case in which overloadrelays curve is
above the one of thermal damage in the area of stalled rotor current. This could mean
that motor is not being protected from the stalled rotor conditions. Any of the following
options can be taken as corrective action:

2.2

Try that the motor manufacturer increases its capacity.

Install a zero-velocity switch. This could protect the real stalled rotor conditions.

Provide an additional relay for protection against stalled rotor. Annex No. 3 contains
an example for this matter.

Motors with power between 250 HP and 450 HP.

In general, thermal damage curves for motors of this range cannot be plotted. However,
if the manufacturer provides such curve, the above mentioned procedure will be carried
out. If this is not the case, protection for stalled-rotor current range will be verified as
follows:

2.2.A

Obtain permissible time and stalled-rotor current (hot) values, corresponding to nominal
voltage of the motor (Section 1). See example in Annex No. 4.

2.2.B

Determine the motor voltage when it is starting

2.2.C

Calculate the permissible time and stalled-rotor current (hot) values, corresponding to
the starting voltage (Section 2)

2.2.D. Follow subsections 2.1.B to 2.1.E above mentioned. See example in Annex No. 2.

ENGINEERING GUIDE
REVIEW OF MANUFACTURERS DRAWINGS FOR
LARGE MOTORS

PDVSA 90619.1.062

AUG.93

PAGE 5

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ANNEX No. 1
A. Torque Velocity curve in nominal voltage provided by the manufacturer
B. Torque Velocity curve in 0.87 of nominal tension which is obtained by multiplying
2
values of curve A by (0.8) .
C. Torque Velocity of the pump provided by the manufacturer
D. The minimum torque of the motor must be at least 20% of the toque of the bomb
required for this velocity.

Synchronous speed percentage

ENGINEERING GUIDE
REVIEW OF MANUFACTURERS DRAWINGS FOR
LARGE MOTORS

PDVSA 90619.1.062

AUG.93

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ANNEX No. 2
METHOD TO PLOT THE ACTUAL CURVE TIME CURRENT

Step No. 1

Calculation of motor acceleration time

1.1

Draw the motor torque velocity curve at the actual starting voltage vs. torque velocity of the pump according to Annex 1.

1.2

Calculate time for accelerating the pump from zero to a value close to 10% of
the nominal velocity using the formula:
=

1.3

Step No. 2

2
308

t
= time in seconds
2
2
WK = moment of inertia in Lb Ft
T
= diferential torque in Lb Ft
RPM = Revolutions per minute

Repeat this calculation for small velocity increases up to 90% of the nominal
velocity. Add 0,5 sec. to reach total velocity.
Obtain the current velocity curve from the motor manufacturer.

ENGINEERING GUIDE
REVIEW OF MANUFACTURERS DRAWINGS FOR
LARGE MOTORS

PDVSA 90619.1.062

AUG.93

PAGE 7

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ANNEX No. 2 (CONT.)

STANDARD MOTOR CURRENT VELOCITY CURVE

SYNCHRONOUS SPEED PERCENTAGE

Step No. 3
Times calculated in Step 1 are showed replacing RPM and the time vs. current
curve is drawn.
STANDARD TIME CURRENT CURVE

FULL LOAD CURRENT PERCENTAGE

PDVSA 90619.1.062

ENGINEERING GUIDE
REVIEW OF MANUFACTURERS DRAWINGS FOR
LARGE MOTORS

AUG.93

PAGE 8

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ANNEX No. 3
MOTOR PROTECTION VERIFICATION (POWER OF 500 HP)

A Thermal damage curve

Boverload relay
C Motor current

FULL LOAD CURRENT PERCENTAGE

When theoverload relay curve (B) is positioned between the current curve (C) and the damage
curve (a), the protection is complete.

D Additional relay for

stalled rotor

FULL LOAD CURRENT PERCENTAGE

When the overload relay curve (B) does not coordinate, an additional relay (D) for protecting the
stalled rotor can be added.

PDVSA 90619.1.062

ENGINEERING GUIDE
REVIEW OF MANUFACTURERS DRAWINGS FOR
LARGE MOTORS

AUG.93

PAGE 9

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ANNEX No. 4
METHOD TO PLOT THE MOTOR DAMAGE CURVE FOR MOTORS BETWEEN 250 HP AND
4500 HP
(This shall only be used when de manufacturers information is not available)
STEP 1.

Obtain the permissible time for stalled rotor at nominal voltage from the motor
manufacturer.

STEP 2.

Calculate the current value for actual starting voltage, assuming that it is directly
proportional to voltage.

STEP 3.

Having calculated the new current value, calculate the new permissible value of
2
starting time, assuming that l t is constant in the stalled-rotor current area.

STEP 4.

Previous steps will throw two points that can be shown on the graph and can be
joined together with a straight line. This line can be considered as the motor
damage curve.

Example:

Permissible starting time provided by the manufacturer: 6 sec.

Stalled rotor current: 6 I pc
Starting voltage: 0.8 Vn
STEP 2:
2

STEP 3: I t = constant

STEP 4. Information provided by the manufacturer and the one calculated are
shown on the graph as follows:
Point (2) obtained
from calculations

Point (1) obtained from

manufacturers information

PAGE 10

FULL LOAD CURRENT PERCENTAGE

Points provided by the manufacturer are: t = 6s

Ia = 6Ipc
Points calculated are: t = 9.38 s
Ia= 4.8 Ipc