NATOs Perspective on HF

presented by
Donald Kallgren
Communication and Information Systems Division
+31 70 374 3442
don kallgren@nc3a nato int
don.kallgren@nc3a.nato.int
1

S ubnetwork
S ervice Interface:
S 5066, S 4538

Decomposition of Standards into EPM and nonEPM parts

A LM
ARQ

C lear V oice an d T raffic W aveform s :

S 4203, S 4197, S 4285, S 4539,

M S 110 A/B , etc.

EPM
LS U

EPM
W aveform s

Modules or rooms in HF
House provide separate
areas of focus allowing work
to proceed in parallel where
possible

Provides:

Decomposition into functional layers

Formal placeholders for Legacy and

Evolving Standards
Roadmap for development and the

Decomposition into 2-G/3-G elements

HF House is not new

Slide 2

provision of new services

Proposed
P
d and
d used
d within
ithi the
th HF-Radio
HF R di Ad-Hoc
Ad H
Working group since the mid-1990s
18 November, 2003

S4444

A LE

ACS

S4538

S5066

2-G
ARQ

Burst
Waveforms

Provide a structured overview and development

plan for NATO High-Frequency Standards and
Standardization Efforts

3-G : A R C S
2-G
A LE

8FSK

MS-141A (ap
pp. A)

HF House: The Idea

HF House:
What built it? Whats in it? And Why?
Multiple
Environments

The Awful HF
Channel

Pressures to Develop
Modern HF Systems

The Triumph of
Technology over
Physics?
Slide 3

C lear V oice and T raffic W avefo rm s:

ACS

S 4203, S 4197, S 4285, S 4539,

M S 110A/B , etc.

Multiple
p
Applications

EPM
LS U

EPM
W aveave
form s

S4444

A LE

A LM
ARQ

S4538

2-G
ARQ

Bu
urst
Wavefforms

2-G
A LE

S5066

3-G : A R C S

8F
FSK

MS
S-141A (app. A)

S ubnetwork
S ervice
i
IInterface:
t f
S 5066, S 4538

Automation as a Response to
Complexity and Ignorance
18 November, 2003

The Awful HF channel

F2

Multipath environment
F1
groundwave + skywave, or
E
skywave + skywave
Dispersive / Absorptive
Channel
Time- / Frequency
Groundwave
variations
seasonal, diurnal and short-term variations a function of frequency
Noise
lighting, galactic, industrial noise dominate thermal noise
Congestion
HF radios been around since the beginning if a nation or
enterprise
t
i has
h had
h d (have)
(h
) anything,
thi
theyve
th had
h d (still
( till have)
h
) HF
radio.
Slide 4

18 November, 2003

Pressures to develop modern HF

Communications
SATCOM cant meet all ELOS/BLOS comm. requirements
blockage
bl k
in
i high-latitude,
hi h l tit d and
d in
i mid-latitude
id l tit d mountainous
t i
regions
i
cost (a decreasing factor, but still significant for some)
competition for available capacity

push for higher data rates

information explosion - new data and sources; new ways of expressing
old information
in the (Wireless) Internet a word is worth a thousand pictures

expanded user population with requirements for data exchange

aggravated in some cases by a mis-match between application (w/ multicast
requirements
i
t and
d point-to-point
i tt
i t implementation)
i l
t ti ) and
d radio
di channel
h
l (w/
( / inherent
i h
t
multicast capability)
Slide 5

18 November, 2003

Technologys Triumph over Nature & Physics?

Marriage of mature technologies can
successfully combat dispersive channel
effects:
proven channel models for dispersive /

Adaptive
Equalization
Filter

absorptive environments
optimal estimation techniques applied to
unknown channel characteristics
adaptive control/equalization to minimize
estimation error for known signal
elements
Moores Law and Optimized Digital Signal
Processing algorithms allow practice to
keep step with theory
Slide 6

18 November, 2003

HF Automation as a Response to
Complexity
p
y and Ignorance
g
HF Communications has been something of a Black Art and
therefore it has become a Lost Art known only to the persistent few ...
Link Establishment for BLOS skywave operation is hard, and historically has
relied on trained operators to manage complex operating procedures to:
estimate the environmental conditions, select frequencies, determine/adapt
the optimum data rate, wait through the inevitable channel outages till the next
communications period, manage retransmissions of missed messages ...
HF users abandoned the medium because of the the success and comparative
high-reliability of SATCOM systems, reducing the number of trained operators
further

Automation:
compensates for the lack of trained operators in HF
enables precise, rapid, and responsive control of complex processes
enables HF use by comparatively unskilled operators (or, alternatively, by
operators with different skill sets, like IT system administration)
Slide 7

18 November, 2003

HF: How/Where Used?

Multiple Applications
Voice
clear AM/FM
narrow-band secure digital
Data
TTY - historically where errors
could be tolerated
reliable data - w/ advent of ARQ
and robust coding
Fax
weather / other image
Broadcast
maritime applications some of
the oldest uses of HF BLOS
Variable Topologies
Point-to-Point
Point-to-Multipoint
ad-hoc communications
disciplined nets
Slide 8

Multiple Environments
Land / Air
ad-hoc tactical nets
point-to-point
mobile/manpack
Maritime
ad-hoc nets
point-to-point
disciplined single-frequency
nets
Civil
low-cost BLOS w/o SATCOM
emergency management
Military
backup for essential services
low-cost BLOS w/o SATCOM
Benign / Degraded Channels
interference (deliberate or
unintentional))
HF is rarely benign, but you can
get lucky!
18 November, 2003

The HF-House STANAG Suite

ALM
ARQ

S4444

ACS ALE

EPM
LSU
S4538

S5066

3G, ARCS

Clear voice and traffic waveforms : S4203,

S4197, S4285, S4415, S4539, MS110, etc.

KEY

2G
ARQ

Burst
ms
waveform

Physical Layer

2G
ALE

8FSK

Network Layer
Link Layer

Subnetwork
service interface
S5066, S4538

MS
S141 (appx A)

(interface to
higher ISO
layers)

EPM
waveforms

2G: second generation 3G: third generation Snnnn: STANAG MSnnn: Mil-Std
Mil Std

STANAG 5066 - Profile for HF Radio Data Communications

STANAG 4539 - HF Waveforms (PSK, QPSK, QAM)
STANAG
S
G 4538
538 - Automated
uto ated Radio
ad o Co
Control
t o Syste
System ((ARCS)
CS)
STANAG 4444 - HF EPM Waveform (FH-PSK/FH-QPSK)
STANAG 4415 Robust HF Waveform @ 75 bps
STANAG 4203 - HF Radio Standards (~ 3 kHz, ~1.4 kHz )
MIL-STD-188-110A/B - HF Waveforms (PSK/QPSK/QAM)
MIL-STD-188-141A - Automatic Link Establishment
Slide 9

ACS
Automatic
Channel
Selection
ALE
Automatic Link
Establishment
ARQ
Automatic
Repeat Request
ALM
Automatic Link
Maintenance
EPM
Electronic
Protection
Measures
18 November, 2003

2nd/3rd Generation HF - Definitions

NATO Standards Base for 2-G HF Communications:
Modems

- STANAG 4285/4539/MIL STD 188 110B

ARQ

- STANAG 5066

ALE

- MIL STD 188 141A

Subnetwork

- STANAG 5066

HF Clients

- STANAG 5066 / other (e.g., STANAG 4406E T-MMHS)

NATO Standards Base for 3-G

3 G HF Communications

Slide 10

Waveforms

- BW1-5 from STANAG 4538

ARQ

- HDL & LDL from STANAG 4538

ALE

- STANAG 4538

Subnetwork

- STANAG 5066

HF Clients

- STANAG 5066 /other (e.g., STANAG 4406E T-MMHS)

18 November, 2003

HF House: STANAG STATUS

STANAG 5066
STANAG 4539
STANAG 4538
STANAG 4444
STANAG 4415
STANAG 4203
MIL-STD-188-110A/B
MIL-STD-188-141A

Slide 11

Profile for HF Radio

D t C
Data
Communications
i ti
HF Waveforms (PSK,
QPSK, QAM)
Automated
Radio
Control System (ARCS)
HF EPM Waveform (FHPSK/FH-QPSK)
Robust HF Waveform
HF Radio Standards (~ 3
kHz, ~1.4 kHz )
HF
Waveforms
(PSK/QPSK/QAM)
(2-G) Automatic Link
Establishment

Ratified, promulgated
Ratified
Ratified
Ratified
Ratified
new draft Ed. 3 pending
ratification
incorporated into STANAG
4539 (3 kHz BW only)
incorporated into STANAG
4538 (legacy ALE mode)

18 November, 2003

HF House: Future Additions?

(caution/warning! My subjective views )

Wide interest in pushing to higher data rates

channel combining for STANAG 4539:
probable adoption of MIL-STD-188-110B 6 kHz ISB mode
channel combining for non-contiguous channels
industry demonstrators running at:
19.2 kb/s (2-channel), 28.8 kb/s (3-channel),
), 57.6 kb/s ((6-channel),
),
38.4 kb/s ((4-channel),
rates as high as 128 kb/s (8-channel, 256 QAM) for surface wave ...
wide interest in the maritime community
stable ground-wave modes provide non-contiguous channels with similar
performance
primary impediments are frequency-management related, not the technology

higher data rates for STANAG 4539 TDMA mode (Annex D)

incorporation of QAM modes from non-TDMA modes (Annex C)

higher data rates for STANAG 4538 HDL modes

incorporation of QAM modes from STANAG 4539 Annex C

IP-over-HF support
inclusion of HF BLOS and ELOS nets in the wireless wide-area network
encapsulation standards in proposed in STANAG 5066 Annex F Ed1A1
inherently supported by STANAG 4538s interface requirements
Slide 12

18 November, 2003

Summary/Conclusion
The HF House Concept:
provides an iconic summary of the current suite of NATO standards pertaining
to HF radio communications
has served to organize and focus HF Comm requirements by:
EPM / non-EPM environments
functional area (e.g., ALE / ALM, ARQ)
legacy, emerging, and future standards

provides a road-map
road map for development
allows users to match their requirements to the available/planned technologies

Slide 13

3G, ARCS

Clear voice and traffic waveforms : S4203,

S4197, S4285, S4415, S4539, MS110, etc.

KEY

ALM
ARQ

S4444

ACS ALE

EPM
LSU
S4538

S50666

2G
ARQ

Burst
waveeforms

Physical Layer

2G
ALE

8F
FSK

Network Layer
y
Link Layer

Subnetwork
service interface
S5066, S4538

MS141 (appx A)

(interface to
higher ISO
layers)

EPM
waveforms
f

2G: second generation 3G: third generation Snnnn: STANAG MSnnn: Mil-Std

18 November, 2003

NATO Deployed CIS Architecure

Cluster Principle for Deployed Forces
Modular Specialization
Office Modules
staff offices / client workstations
Information Services Modules
servers / network administration
Communication Modules
external / internal communications
nexus
Network Extension Modules
expansion / extension capabilities

CLUSTER PRINCIPLE
OM
NEM

80-100 staff

OM

NATO/Com mercial sate llite

Cluster #4
OM

ISM

COM

OM

80-100 staff
ISM

HF

HF

OM

OM

OM

NEM

Cluster #3

COM
OM

NATO satellite

NEM

OM

80-100 staff

OM

NEM

OM

80-100 staff

CJTF HQ
80-100 staff
ISM

OM

80-100 staff

NEM
OM

COM

Cluster #1
NEM

HF

HF

80-100 staff

OM

OM
OM

OM

OM

COM
ISM

NEM

Cluster #2
NEM

OM

OM

80-100 staff

NEM

80-100 staff

NEM
OM

80-100 staff

For strategic deployed command HQs

tactical communicators not addressed
will use nationally provided systems
systems,
e.g., BOWMAN, TACOMS2000 systems
Slide 14

18 November, 2003

HF Module Addition to the DeployableCommunication Module Architecture

HF Subnetwork Domain
Office Module

HF Module (HFM):
Radio only

COM

User/Client
Domain

inclusion of HF systems in the

radio control

DCM

modem
control

remote the high-power-transmitter

Z
Bulk
WAN/LAN

User
Workstations

HF Subnetwork
Processor

Proposed architecture for

4285/4539
PSK Modem

HFTx/Rcv

Antenna

Backup to SATCOM

Red/Black Interface
(within COM)

BLOS while mobile

Client host
(e.g., Mail Transfer Agent)

HF IP/PPP
Client 5066

and receive assets only.

remote radio control may not be

feasible in this configuration
because of security accreditation

HF Module is programmed
under the Capability Package
for Deployed Communications

Client/Subnetwork Interface
(socket-based via RED LAN)

Co-location of controller,,
crypto, and modem
Slide 15

CP-0149

Remote-audio to HF Module ((direct,, or via

fibre-optic, ISDN, or network interface)
18 November, 2003

NATO Airborne HF
NATO Airborne Early Warning Aircraft
((NAEW)) requirements
q
for BLOS GroundAir-Ground COMMS
75 baud HF RATT systems initially
On
On-station
station updates of the ATO required

Early prototype systems based on FEDSTD-1052 / Harris Mail Terminal

KEFLAVIK
ELMENDORF
CROUGHTON

OFFUTT
WEST COAST

HAWAII

ANDREWS

SIGONELLA

NATO Evolutionary Requirement

LAJES

YOKOTA

Compatibility with US SCOPE

PUERTO RICO
GUAM
ASCENSION

DIEGO GARCIA

Command Global HF System:

STANAG 5066 + MIL-STD-188-141A

SOUTH ATLANTIC

Slide 16

voice, data, IP-over-HF, web-services

18 November, 2003

NATO Maritime Communications Architecture

NATO General-Purpose-Segment Communication System (NGCS)

CLASSIFIED

National In-Port
Network(s)

Theatre
Injection
Site(s)

NUNI

NATO PiersideSIPref
Interface
Module(s)
CLASS

Shipboard Interface Module

High-Speed
Broadcast Satellite

EHF SATCOM

SHF SATCOM

UAR

Z
NICE

ip
- HF Sh
BRASS

HSB Sys.

UHF/SHF/EHF
Modem(s)

UHF/SHF/EHF
SATCOM

Z
SAR
IP/PPP

Bulk
CLASS

HF IP/PPP
Client 5066
MPS /
Server

HMTP/ HFSS-ARQ
CFTP/ (S'5066 E1)
4406-E
ACP-127

VTC
(H.323)

ACP 127
ACP-127

ELOS/LOS Net Proc.

(S'5066 Ed. 2, other)

HF Tx
UNCLASS

Z
Bulk/IP 4285/4539
PSK
Z
Bulk
Z(R)

4285/4539 PSK

Bulk

/MA
MO
TAS

h
cast, S
Broad

HSB/SHF / UHF /
EHF SATCOM
HF
Rcv

HF Rcv
4538 ARC

4285/4539PSK
Z
Bulk HF/VHF/UHF HF/VHF/UHF
Radio(s)
Modem(s)

MARAIR
S- HF
BRAS

HF Tx/Rx
4538 ARC

HF Tx/Rx
4538 ARC

OM
TC
SA

HF-Bro

ELOS/LOS
Systems

Z(T/R)

Bulk

Bulk

Bulk

Z
CLASS
UNCLASS Bulk

5030
MSK

4285/
4539
PSK

4285/
4539
PSK

HFSS-ARQ
Black
Switch / 4285/4539
4285/4539
PSK
PSK
interface

OTAM
adcast

ip/Sho

HF

Br

s
ca
ad

SU B V

NUNI
S2ref

(AD)PCM /
ISDN

NUNI
PIPref

SNMP/IP/
PPP/ISDN

RSCS LAN

4203

M
S,
t,S

RL

HF
Tx

HF Tx
4538 ARC

4203

HF
Tx UNCLASS

RSCS LAN

NGCS

(AD)PCM /
UNCLASSIFIED
ISDN
SNMP/IP/
PPP/ISDN

SUB VLF Tx Site

AST
OADC
LF B R

Br
oa

VLF
Tx

VLF Tx

VLF
Tx UNCLASS

st
,B

LO
S

Ba
ck

VLF
Rx
up

Li

(AD)PCM /
ISDN
SNMP/IP/
PPP/ISDN

RCS LAN

SUB VLF Rx (OTAM)

SUB VLF OTAM

dc
a

NATO Amphibious Force

nk

UNCLASS

RCS LAN

(AD)PCM /
ISDN
SNMP/IP/
PPP/ISDN

Deployed
Land Force

UHF/SHF/
EHF/HSB
SATCOM

ISM
DCM

NATO Expanded Task

Force (NETF)
ELOS/LOS IP Subnetwork Relay

RSCS

RSCS LAN

BRASS HF Tx Site

HSB/SHF / UHF /
EHF SATCOM

ELOS/LOS Systems

Slide
17
NC3A-CISD-ACT-DGK-030506

4203

UNCLASS

Maritime Platform (Afloat or Pier-side)

HSB/SHF / UHF / EHF SATCOM ; BLOS/BRASS HF BROADCAST, MRL, SS

HF Rcv
4538 ARC

HF

SUBFOR

4203

HF
Rcv

re, MR

BME/PABX SNMP/IP

BRASS HF Rcv Site

HF
Rcv

O
TEL

HF IP/PPP
BRASS/ Client 5066
ACMS, BCS
OPERATOR

Z(T/R)

BRASS Sites: ACMS,

HF BCS & RSCS
RSCS; VLF

Platform LA
AN

Integrated
DVB Receiver/
Decoder

UNCLASS

UHF SATCOM

, MRL,
/Shore

HFSS-ARQ
S'5066 Ed. 1

VLF
HF
HF
(BCAST, (BDCST,
OTAM)
OTAM) SS/MRL

SGTs UHF/SHF/EHF UAR

Modems

HF

BRASS
End Sys.

HSB Transmitter

NATO SATCOM
Post 2000

fibre-optic
umblical

Z
Bulk

DVB-S Modulator

UNCLASS

MCCIS

MMHS
End Sys.
(4406)

CLASS
UNCLASS

UAR

and Ship
Ship-Shore
Shore System

HSB Sys.
UAR

IP/MPEG
Encapsulator

PIPref

ACP-127
HMTP/CFTP/
4406-E

NICE
Z

NATO Maritime HQs

(Ashore): e.g. CJTF, MCC,
SUBOPAUTH/BCA

SAR

NUNI

SIPref

ACMS Site LAN

MPS Server,
Broadcast Compliler
HF IP/PPP Client 5066

NATO Broadcast, MRL,

HSB

MCCIS

nationaldomain(s)

NATO
SGT
Sites

NUNI

PIP f
PIPref

CLASS

re

MMHS MPS/HSB
End Sys. Server
CLASS (4406)

NICE
Z

CLASS
UNCLASS

NUNI

Site LAN

Site LAN
VTC
(H.323)

National Defense
Network(s)

SIPref

ISDN/
PCM/
Audio

Site LAN

NUNI

SIP f
SIPref

ISDN/
PCM/
Audio

NUNI

ISDN
N/
PCM
M/
Audiio

SIPref

M
R

UNCLASSIFIED
NUNI

PIPref

CLASSIFIED

only a single instance of each site is shown.... multiple instances are supported as needed to meet operational architecture

Sh
ip
/S
ho

NICE SIPref
Z
NUNI
NUNI
PIPref

ISDN/
PCM/
Audio

NUNI

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

18 November, 2003

Current HF Maritime Access Component

NATO General-Purpose-Segment Communication System (NGCS)

CLASS

MMHS
End Sys.
(4406)

Rcvd: {ACP127}

CLASS
UNCLASS

VTC
(H.323)

HSB Theatre
Injection IP/MPEG Encapsulator
Site

MPS/HSB
Server
CLASS

MPS Server

NATO
SGT
Site

national
domain(s)

SGTs

Broadcast and Ship-Shore

p
Stations
NATO SATCOM
interface
TARE and AIFS
Postto
2000

NATO
Pierside
Interface
Module

EHF SATCOM

BDCST/
SHIP-SHORE

UHF/SHF/EHF
Modems

CLASS
UNCLASS

4285/4539
PSK

5030
MSK

Z
NICE

Bulk

AR
IP/PPP
HF IP/PPP
Client 5066

Z
Bulk
4285/4539
HFSS-ARQ
PSK
HMTP/ (S'5066
CFTP/
Ed.1)
4406-E
CLASS UNCLASS
ACP-127
ACP-127

ACP-127

Z
Bulk

ELOS/LOS Net Proc.

(S'5066 Ed. x, other)

HF Tx/Rx
4538 ARC

4285/4539 PSK

HF
Rcv

Z
Bulk

DCAST
F BROA
SUB VL

SUBFOR
4285/4539PSK

RSCS

4285/4539
PSK

SNMP/IP

Messaging only.
BME

RSCS LAN
ISDN

HF Rcv
4538 ARC
4203

HF
Rcv

RSCS LAN

UNCLASS

ADPCM /
ISDN
SNMP/IP/
PPP/ISDN

BRASS HF Tx Site
4203
HF
Tx

HF Tx
4538 ARC

HF Tx
UNCLASS

4203

RSCS LAN

NGCS
ADPCM /
ISDN
SNMP/IP/
PPP/ISDN

SUB VLF Tx Site

VLF
Tx

VLF Tx

VLF Tx
UNCLASS

RCS LAN

ADPCM /
ISDN
SNMP/IP/
PPP/ISDN

HF Rcv
4538 ARC

ELOS/LOS
HF/VHF/UHF HF/VHF/UHF
Systems
Modem(s)
Radio(s)

Maritime Platform
(Afloat or Pier-side)
Slide NC3A-CISD-ACT-DGK-011201
18

HF Tx/Rx
4538 ARC

Z(R)
Bulk

VTC
(H.323)
(H
323)

HF
Rcv

RL
ore, M
ip/Sh
st, Sh
a
c
d
roa
HF B
L
R
M
RL
,
M
re
S,
o
S
,
h
t
/S
as
ip
dc
oa
Sh
r
B
F
H
HF

F
H
/E
F M
H O
/S TC
SB A
H S

MPS
Server

Black
Switch /
Mux

4203

MARAIR
UHF/SHF/EHF UHF/SHF/EHF HF Tx
SATCOM
Modem(s)

Bulk

BRASS HF Rcv Site

O/
SM O
TA TEL
MA

Currently,

ACMS / FIP /
RSCS

RL
re, M
/Sho
Ship

HSB Sys.
Integrated
DVB Receiver/
Decoder

IP/PPP

MCCIS

Platfo
orm LAN

Z(T)
Bulk

No attachments

UHF SATCOM

CLASS

BRASS
End Sys.

Z(T)

BRASS/
ACMS
OPERATOR

HFSS-ARQ
S'5066 Ed. 1

VLF

Bulk

SHF SATCOM

HF

MMHS
End Sys.
(4406)

HMTP/CFTP/
4406-E

HSB Sys.

High-Speed
Broadcast Satellite

Z
NICE

HF IP/PPP Client 5066

ACP-127

AR

CLASS
Modulator
Z
AIFS GWDVB-S
to ACP-127,
translating:
UNCLASS
Bulk
SMTP, HSB
ACP12x,
etc.
Transmitter

NATO Maritime HQ (Ashore)

ACMS Site LAN

Site LAN
NICE
Z

ISDN/
ADPCM/
Audio

National
In-Port
Network

MCCIS

Site LAN

ISDN/
ADPCM/
Audio

Site LAN

ISDN/
ADPCM/
Audio

NICE
Z

National
Defense
Network

CLASS

Sent: {{SMTP,, ACP127}}

ELOS/LOS IP
Subnetwork Relay

BRASS modems currently specified using S4285

NATO Expanded
Force (NETF)
to 2.4Task
kbps
18 November, 2003

BRASS Capability in 2004

Reitan
Other
Domains:

Noordwick

Mill Cove (CA)

Norfolk (US) ??

Jaatta
Zeebrugge
Aarhus
GluecksburgGdynia

Northwood

Madrid

Azores
(PO)

Paris

NGCS

O i
Oeiras
Lisbon
Cadiz
Rome

Ankara

Naples
Athens

Slide 19

18 November, 2003

BRASS Capability in 2005

Reitan
Other Domains:
Norfolk (USA) ??

Noordwick

Mill Cove (CA)

Jaatta
Zeebrugge
Aarhus

NGCS

Gluecksburg Gdynia

Northwood

Madrid

Azores
(PO)

Paris

NGCS

Lisbon
Cadiz
Rome

Ankara

Naples
Athens

Slide 20

18 November, 2003

BRASS Capability in 2006/7

Reitan
Other Domains:
Norfolk (USA) ??

Noordwick

Mill Cove (CA)

Jaatta
Zeebrugge
Aarhus
Gluecksburg Gdynia

Northwood
Paris
Madrid

Azores
(PO)

NGCS

Lisbon
Cadiz
Rome

Ankara

Naples
Athens

Slide 21

18 November, 2003

HF Maritime Access Component - BRASS ICC

NATO General-Purpose-Segment
Communication System (NGCS)
Sent: {X.400, SMTP, ACP127}

NICE
Z

ACMS Site LAN

Site LAN
NICE
Z

Rcvd: { SMTP, ACP127}

National
Defense
Network
National
In-Port
Network

MCCIS

CLASS
UNCLASS

VTC
(H.323)

MMHS
End Sys.
(4406)

NATO
SGT
HSB Theatre
Site
Injection
ACMS -IP/MPEG
GWEncapsulator
to ACP-127,
Site

MPS/HSB
Server
CLASS

national
domain(s)

SGTs

EHF SATCOM

UHF SATCOM
HF

BRASS
End Sys.

Platfo
orm LAN

MPS
Server

Z
Bulk

4285/4539
PSK

HFSS-ARQ
HMTP/ (S'5066
CFTP/
Ed.1)
4406-E
CLASS UNCLASS
ACP-127
ACP-127

ACP-127

Z
Bulk

VTC
(H.323)
(H
323)
ELOS/LOS Net Proc.
(S'5066 Ed. x, other)

HF Tx/Rx
4538 ARC

4285/4539 PSK

HF
Rcv

Z
Bulk

Z
Bulk

4285/4539
PSK

5030
MSK

Black
Switch /
Mux

RSCS

4285/4539
PSK

SNMP/IP

BME

ACMS / FIP /
RSCS

RSCS LAN

4203
HF
Rcv

DCAST
F BROA
SUB VL

SUBFOR
4285/4539PSK

ISDN

HF Rcv
4538 ARC
4203

HF
Rcv

RSCS LAN

UNCLASS

ADPCM /
ISDN
SNMP/IP/
PPP/ISDN

NGCS
Messaging only.

BRASS HF Tx Site
4203

HF
Tx

HF Tx
4538 ARC

HF Tx
UNCLASS

ADPCM /
ISDN

Attachments
4203

RSCS LAN

SNMP/IP/
PPP/ISDN

when
using S5066
SUB VLF Tx Site
VLF
Tx

ADPCM /
ISDN

ARQ modes

VLF Tx

VLF Tx
UNCLASS

RCS LAN

SNMP/IP/
PPP/ISDN

HF Rcv
4538 ARC

ELOS/LOS
HF/VHF/UHF HF/VHF/UHF
Systems
Modem(s)
Radio(s)

Maritime Platform
(Afloat or Pier-side)
Slide NC3A-CISD-ACT-DGK-011201
22

HF Tx/Rx
4538 ARC

Z(R)
Bulk

CLASS
UNCLASS

BRASS/
ACMS
OPERATOR

BRASS HF Rcv Site

RL
ore, M
ip/Sh
st, Sh
a
c
d
roa
HF B
L
R
M
RL
,
M
re
S,
o
S
,
h
t
/S
as
ip
dc
oa
Sh
r
B
F
H
HF

F
H
/E
F M
H O
/S TC
SB A
H S

MMHS
End Sys.
(4406)

IP/PPP

HF IP/PPP
Client 5066

Z(T)
Bulk

MARAIR

UHF/SHF/EHF UHF/SHF/EHF HF Tx
SATCOM
Modem(s)

Bulk

AR

Z(T)

RL
re, M
/Sho
Ship
O/
SM O
TA TEL
MA

HFSS-ARQ
S'5066 Ed. 1

VLF

Bulk

SHF SATCOM

HSB Sys.
Integrated
DVB Receiver/
Decoder

IP/PPP

MCCIS

BDCST/
SHIP-SHORE

UHF/SHF/EHF
Modems

CLASS

Z
NICE

HMTP/CFTP/
4406-E

HSB Transmitter

HSB Sys.

High-Speed
Broadcast Satellite

Z
NICE

HF IP/PPP Client 5066

ACP-127

AR

CLASS
translating:
DVB-S Modulator
Z
UNCLASS
Bulk
X.400, SMTP, ACP12x, etc.

NATO Maritime HQ (Ashore)

Broadcast and Ship-Shore

(BRASS) System
Automated
NATO
Control and
Pierside
NATO SATCOM
Interface
Management
System
Post
2000
Module
Remote Control and
Supervisory System
Adds STANAG 5066
ARQ & multicast protocols
(Annex A-D bearer
requirements)
HMTP/CFTP mail w/
attachments (Annex F
informal messaging)

MPS Server

ISDN/
ADPCM/
Audio

Site LAN

ISDN/
ADPCM/
Audio

Site LAN

CLASS

ISDN/
ADPCM/
Audio

CLASS

ELOS/LOS IP
Subnetwork Relay

BRASS modems currently specified using S4285

NATO Expanded
Force (NETF)
to 2.4Task
kbps
18 November, 2003

Enhanced HF Maritime Access Component

NATO Sent:
General-Purpose-Segment
Communication System (NGCS)
{IP, X.400, SMTP, ACP127}

NICE
Z

ACMS Site LAN

Site LAN
NICE
Z

Rcvd:
CLASS {IP, X.400, SMTP, ACP127}
National
Defense
Network
National
In-Port
Network

MCCIS

VTC
(H.323)

MMHS
End Sys.
(4406)

MPS/HSB
Server
CLASS

NATO Maritime HQ (Ashore)

UNCLASS

HSB Theatre
Injection IP/MPEG Encapsulator
Site
w/ IP enhancements
DVB-S Modulator

High-Speed
Broadcast Satellite

CLASS

HF- EMAC
C (BRASS
(
SS , plus):
p us)
NATO SATCOM
high-speed
Post 2000to 9.6 kbps
S4406-E &/or ESMTP
IP-over-HF ALE/ALM
EHF SATCOM

Z
NICE
IP/PPP

MCCIS

HF

MPS
Server

UHF/SHF/EHF UHF/SHF/EHF HF Tx
SATCOM
Modem(s)

Z
Bulk
4285/4539
HFSS-ARQ
PSK
HMTP/ (S'5066
CFTP/
Ed.1)
4406-E
CLASS UNCLASS

ACP-127

Z
Bulk

HF Tx/Rx
4538 ARC

HF Tx/Rx
4538 ARC

4285/4539 PSK

HF
Rcv

Z
Bulk

4285/4539PSK

Z
Bulk

ELOS/LOS
HF/VHF/UHF HF/VHF/UHF
Systems
Modem(s)
Radio(s)

(Afloat or Pier-side)

Black
Switch /
Mux

SNMP/IP

BME

HF Rcv
4538 ARC

4203

HF
Rcv

RSCS LAN

UNCLASS

4203
HF
Tx

HF Tx
4538 ARC

HF Tx
UNCLASS

4203

RSCS LAN

RSCS LAN
ISDN

ADPCM /
ISDN

SNMP/IP/
PPP/ISDN

BRASS HF Tx Site

DCAST
F BROA
SUB VL

RSCS

4285/4539
PSK

Advanced
g g
ACMS / FIP / Messaging
RSCS
(S4406-E /
BRASS HF Rcv Site
ESMTP) w/
attachments
5030
MSK

NGCS
ADPCM /
ISDN
SNMP/IP/
PPP/ISDN

SUB VLF Tx Site

VLF
Tx

VLF Tx

VLF Tx
UNCLASS

RCS LAN

ADPCM /
ISDN
SNMP/IP/
PPP/ISDN

HF Rcv
4538 ARC

STANAG 4539ELOS/LOS
- High-Speed
HF circuits to 9.6 kbps
Net Proc.
(S'5066 Ed. x, other)
BRASS currently specified
S4285 to 2.4 kbps
Maritimeusing
Platform
Slide NC3A-CISD-ACT-DGK-011201
23

CLASS
UNCLASS

HF
Rcv

RL
ore, M
ip/Sh
st, Sh
a
c
d
roa
HF B
L
R
M
RL
,
M
re
S,
o
S
,
h
t
/S
as
ip
dc
oa
Sh
r
B
F
H
HF

SUBFOR

Z(R)
Bulk

VTC
(H.323)
(H
323)

Z(T)
Bulk

MARAIR

ACP-127
ACP-127

Z(T)

4203

O/
SM O
TA TEL
MA

IP/PPP
HF IP/PPP
Client 5066

RL
re, M
/Sho
Ship

F
H
/E
F M
H O
/S TC
SB A
H S

Platfo
orm LAN

UHF SATCOM

BRASS/
ACMS
OPERATOR

HFSS-ARQ
S'5066 Ed. 1

VLF

Bulk
4285/4539
PSK

UHF/SHF/EHF
Modems

HSB Sys.
Integrated
DVB Receiver/
Decoder

Bulk

AR

BRASS
End Sys.

SHF SATCOM

Z
NICE

MMHS
End Sys.
(4406)

HMTP/CFTP/
4406-E
BDCST/
SHIP-SHORE

CLASS

SGTs

HF IP/PPP Client 5066

ACP-127

AR

UNCLASS
IP-over-HF ship/shore circuits
Bulk
HSB Transmitter
HSB
Sys.
using
STANAG
5066

national
domain(s)

NATO
Pierside
Interface
Module

NATO
SGT
Site

MPS Server

ISDN/
ADPCM/
Audio

Site LAN

ISDN/
ADPCM/
Audio

Site LAN

CLASS

ISDN/
ADPCM/
Audio

CLASS

ELOS/LOS IP
Subnetwork Relay

NATO Expanded Task Force (NETF)

18 November, 2003

Summary
NATO currently uses HF:
for maritime broadcast and ship-shore (ACP-127 text messaging only)
HF e-mail
il + ARQ (FED-STD-1052+)
(FED STD 1052+) and
d STANAG 4285/4539 to
t NAEW
aircraft (selective usage)
land forces voice co-ordination circuits, RATT
NATO Plans to use HF:
maritime forces
for IP-over-HF operation
MMHS and informal e-mail
web-access
b
and
d data-base
d t b
replication
li ti
adoption of ACP200 / inclusion in BRASS Enhancement Increments

airforces (via requirements for SCOPE Command Interoperability)

HF e-mail + ARQ + ALE ((STANAG 5066 + MIL-STD-188-141A))
web/database access

land forces
IP-over-HF operation
on-the-move
on the move BLOS and backup links to DCMs
tactical forces (via BOWMAN and TACOMS 2000 efforts)
Slide 24

18 November, 2003

Summary/Conclusion
The HF House Concept:
provides an iconic summary of the current suite of NATO standards pertaining
to HF radio communications
has served to organize and focus HF Comm requirements by:
EPM / non-EPM environments
functional area (e.g., ALE / ALM, ARQ)
legacy, emerging, and future standards

provides a road-map
road map for development
allows users to match their requirements to the available/planned technologies

Slide 25

3G, ARCS

Clear voice and traffic waveforms : S4203,

S4197, S4285, S4415, S4539, MS110, etc.

KEY

ALM
ARQ

S4444

ACS ALE

EPM
LSU
S4538

S50666

2G
ARQ

Burst
waveeforms

Physical Layer

2G
ALE

8F
FSK

Network Layer
y
Link Layer

Subnetwork
service interface
S5066, S4538

MS141 (appx A)

(interface to
higher ISO
layers)

EPM
waveforms
f

2G: second generation 3G: third generation Snnnn: STANAG MSnnn: Mil-Std

18 November, 2003

Growth / Renovation Issues and Challenges

Operational Requirements
must-go-faster

if you build it they will come

net-centric / plug & play

because were all getting wired

automated / ease of use

and none of use can program

our clocks or phones

Civil-Market Forces
Power Line Communications

a little less noise out there !

Digital Radio Mondiale

Ive gotta get me some of that!

(bandwidth!!)

Frequency Management Challenges

Well, why cant I? THEY can!!

Technical Capabilities / Constraints

yeah, we can do that

Manage expectations/
reduce disruptions

but youll have to {change, give up , add}

Slide 26

18 November, 2003

BLOSCOMMS AHWG Extracts from Decision Sheet of June 2004

BLOSCOMMS AHWG p
plans to provide
p
a draft HF
Handbook by 4Q2004;
HF channel banding techniques are needed to
supportt hi
higher
h bit rates
t (upto
( t 64 Kbps);
Kb )
the AHWG/1 is prepared to include IPv6
functionality into the HF STANAGs;
improvements of VLF MSK Broadcast (STANAG
5030) HF Broadcast (STANAG 4481) based on the
Digital Radio Mondiale project are being considered
Future HF Policy Workshop scheduled w/ next
BLOSCOMMS AHWG Meeting
Slide 27

18 November, 2003

An Overview of the HF House Suite

of STANAGs Backup Slides

Donald G. Kallgren
Communication and Information Systems Division
Applied CIS Technology Branch
voice: 31 70 374 3442
fax: 31 70 374 3049
D
Donald.Kallgren@nc3a.nato.int
ld K ll
@ 3
t i t
28

NATO UNCLASSIFIED