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DSTATCOM(AverageModel)

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D-STATCOM (Average Model)

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DSTATCOM(AverageModel)

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statcomaveragemodel.html)

Example

Code

D-STATCOM (Average Model)

ThisexampleshowsanaveragemodelofadistributionSTATCOM.
PierreGirouxGilbertSybille(HydroQuebec,IREQ)

Contents
DetailedVersusAverageModel
Description
Simulation

https://www.mathworks.com/examples/simpower/15dstatcomaveragemodel#2

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DSTATCOM(AverageModel)

Detailed Versus Average Model

WhenmodelingVSCbasedenergyconversionsystemsinSimPowerSystems,youcanusetwo
typesofmodel,dependingontherangeoffrequenciestoberepresented:thedetailedmodelandthe
averagemodel.
Thedetailedmodelsuchastheonepresentedinthepower_dstatcom_pwmmodelintheFACTS
libraryofexamples.ThedetailedmodelincludesdetailedrepresentationofpowerelectronicIGBT
converters.Inordertoachieveanacceptableaccuracywiththe1680Hzswitchingfrequencyused
inthisexample,themodelmustbediscretizedatarelativelysmalltimestep(5microseconds).This
modeliswellsuitedforobservingharmonicsandcontrolsystemdynamicperformanceover
relativelyshortperiodsoftimes(typicallyhundredsofmillisecondstoonesecond).
Theaveragemodelsuchastheonepresentedinthisexample.InthistypeofmodeltheIGBT
VoltageSourcedConverters(VSC)arerepresentedbyequivalentvoltagesourcesgeneratingthe
ACvoltageaveragedoveronecycleoftheswitchingfrequency.Thismodeldoesnotrepresent
harmonics,butthedynamicsresultingfromcontrolsystemandpowersysteminteractionis
preserved.Thismodelallowsusingmuchlargertimesteps(typically4050microseconds),thus
allowingsimulationsofseveralseconds.
Alternatively,athirdtypeofmodelcanbeusedforsimulatingonlargertimeframes:thephasor
model.ThistypeofmodelisnotavailablefortheDSTATCOM,butitisavailableforthe
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DSTATCOM(AverageModel)

model.ThistypeofmodelisnotavailablefortheDSTATCOM,butitisavailableforthe
STATCOM,asimilardevice,inthepower_statcommodel.

Description
ADistributionStaticSynchronousCompensator(DSTATCOM)isusedtoregulatevoltageona25
kVdistributionnetwork.Twofeeders(21kmand2km)transmitpowertoloadsconnectedatbuses
B2andB3.AshuntcapacitorisusedforpowerfactorcorrectionatbusB2.The600Vload
connectedtobusB3througha25kV/600Vtransformerrepresentsaplantabsorbingcontinuously
changingcurrents,similartoanarcfurnace,thusproducingvoltageflicker.Thevariableloadcurrent
magnitudeismodulatedatafrequencyof5Hzsothatitsapparentpowervariesapproximately
between1MVAand5.2MVA,whilekeepinga0.9laggingpowerfactor.Thisloadvariationwillallow
youtoobservetheabilityoftheDSTATCOMtomitigatevoltageflicker.
TheDSTATCOMregulatesbusB3voltagebyabsorbingorgeneratingreactivepower.This
reactivepowertransferisdonethroughtheleakagereactanceofthecouplingtransformerby
generatingasecondaryvoltageinphasewiththeprimaryvoltage(networkside).Thisvoltageis
providedbyavoltagesourcedPWMinverter.Whenthesecondaryvoltageislowerthanthebus
voltage,theDSTATCOMactslikeaninductanceabsorbingreactivepower.Whenthesecondary
voltageishigherthanthebusvoltage,theDSTATCOMactslikeacapacitorgeneratingreactive
power.
TheDSTATCOMconsistsofthefollowingcomponents:
a25kV/1.25kVcouplingtransformerwhichensurescouplingbetweenthePWMinverterand
thenetwork.
avoltagesourcedPWMinverter.Inthisexample,thePWMinverterisreplacedontheACside
withthreeequivalentvoltagesourcesaveragedoveronecycleoftheswitchingfrequency(1.68
kHz).Harmonicsgeneratedbytheinverterarethereforenotvisiblewiththisaveragemodel.On
theDCside,theinverterismodeledbyacurrentsourcechargingtheDCcapacitor.TheDC
currentIdciscomputedsothattheinstantaneouspowerattheACinputsoftheinverterremains
equaltheinstantaneouspowerattheDCoutput(Va*Ia+Vb*Ib+Vc*Ic=Vdc*Idc).
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equaltheinstantaneouspowerattheDCoutput(Va*Ia+Vb*Ib+Vc*Ic=Vdc*Idc).

LCdampedfiltersconnectedattheinverteroutput.Resistancesconnectedinserieswith
capacitorsprovideaqualityfactorof40at60Hz.
a10000microfaradcapacitoractingasaDCvoltagesourcefortheinverter
avoltageregulatorthatcontrolsvoltageatbusB3
antialiasingfiltersusedforvoltageandcurrentacquisition.
TheDSTATCOMcontrollerconsistsofseveralfunctionalblocks:
aPhaseLockedLoop(PLL).ThePLLissynchronizedtothefundamentalofthetransformer
primaryvoltages.
twomeasurementsystems.VmeasandImeasblockscomputethedaxisandqaxis
componentsofthevoltagesandcurrentsbyexecutinganabcdqtransformationinthe
synchronousreferencedeterminedbysin(wt)andcos(wt)providedbythePLL.
aninnercurrentregulationloop.Thisloopconsistsoftwoproportionalintegral(PI)controllers
thatcontrolthedaxisandqaxiscurrents.ThecontrollersoutputsaretheVdandVqvoltages
thatthePWMinverterhastogenerate.TheVdandVqvoltagesareconvertedintophase
voltagesVa,Vb,VcwhichareusedtosynthesizethePWMvoltages.TheIqreferencecomes
fromtheoutervoltageregulationloop(inautomaticmode)orfromareferenceimposedbyQref(in
manualmode).TheIdreferencecomesfromtheDClinkvoltageregulator.
anoutervoltageregulationloop.Inautomaticmode(regulatedvoltage),aPIcontroller
maintainstheprimaryvoltageequaltothereferencevaluedefinedinthecontrolsystemdialog
box.
aDCvoltagecontrollerwhichkeepstheDClinkvoltageconstanttoitsnominalvalue(Vdc=2.4
kV).
TheelectricalcircuitisdiscretizedusingasampletimeTs=40microseconds.Thecontrollerusesa
largersampletime(4*Ts=160microseconds).

Simulation

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Simulation

DSTATCOM(AverageModel)

1.DSTATCOMdynamicresponse
Duringthistest,thevariableloadwillbekeptconstantandyouwillobservethedynamicresponseof
aDSTATCOMtostepchangesinsourcevoltage.CheckthatthemodulationoftheVariableLoadis
notinservice(ModulationTiming[TonToff]=[0.151]*100>SimulationStoptime).The
ProgrammableVoltageSourceblockisusedtomodulatetheinternalvoltageofthe25kVequivalent.
Thevoltageisfirstprogrammedat1.077puinordertokeeptheDSTATCOMinitiallyfloating(B3
voltage=1puandreferencevoltageVref=1pu).Threestepsareprogrammedat0.2s,0.3s,and0.4
stosuccessivelyincreasethesourcevoltageby6%,decreaseitby6%andbringitbacktoitsinitial
value(1.077pu).
Startthesimulation.ObserveonScope1thephaseAvoltageandcurrentwaveformsoftheD
STATCOMaswellascontrollersignalsonScope2.Afteratransientlastingapproximately0.15sec.,
thesteadystateisreached.Initially,thesourcevoltageissuchthattheDSTATCOMisinactive.It
doesnotabsorbnorprovidereactivepowertothenetwork.Att=0.2s,thesourcevoltageis
increasedby6%.TheDSTATCOMcompensatesforthisvoltageincreasebyabsorbingreactive
powerfromthenetwork(Q=+2.7Mvarontrace2ofScope2).Att=0.3s,thesourcevoltageis
decreasedby6%fromthevaluecorrespondingtoQ=0.TheDSTATCOMmustgeneratereactive
powertomaintaina1puvoltage(Qchangesfrom+2.7MVARto2.8MVAR).NotethatwhentheD
STATCOMchangesfrominductivetocapacitiveoperation,themodulationindexofthePWM
inverterisincreasedfrom0.56to0.9(trace4ofScope2)whichcorrespondstoaproportional
increaseininvertervoltage.Reversingofreactivepowerisveryfast,aboutonecycle,asobserved
onDSTATCOMcurrent(magentasignalontrace1ofScope1).
2.Mitigationofvoltageflicker
Duringthistest,voltageoftheProgrammableVoltageSourcewillbekeptconstantandyouwill
enablemodulationoftheVariableLoadsothatyoucanobservehowtheDSTATCOMcanmitigate
voltageflicker.IntheProgrammableVoltageSourceblockmenu,changethe"TimeVariationof"
parameterto"None".IntheVariableLoadblockmenu,settheModulationTimingparameterto[Ton
Toff]=[0.151](removethe100multiplicationfactor).Finally,intheDSTATCOMController,change
the"Modeofoperation"parameterto"Qregulation?andmakesurethatthereactivepowerreference

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the"Modeofoperation"parameterto"Qregulation?andmakesurethatthereactivepowerreference
valueQref(2ndlineofparameters)issettozero.Inthismode,theDSTATCOMisfloatingand
performsnovoltagecorrection.
RunthesimulationandobserveonScope3variationsofPandQatbusB3(1sttrace)aswellas
voltagesatbusesB1andB3(trace2).WithoutDSTATCOM,B3voltagevariesbetween0.96pu
and1.04pu(+/4%variation).Now,intheDSTATCOMController,changethe"Modeofoperation"
parameterbackto"Voltageregulation"andrestartsimulation.ObserveonScope3thatvoltage
fluctuationatbusB3isnowreducedto+/0.7%.TheDSTATCOMcompensatesvoltageby
injectingareactivecurrentmodulatedat5Hz(trace3ofScope3)andvaryingbetween0.6pu
capacitivewhenvoltageislowand0.6puinductivewhenvoltageishigh.

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