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(Notes) Civil Services (Prelims) Examination : Mughal Empire - II

Quick Revision Notes (II)
in
*
*
*
*

Notes </civilservices/tag/notes>
Study Material </civilservices/tag/study-material>
UPSC </civilservices/tag/upsc>
History </civilservices/tag/subjects/history>

*
Civil Services (Prelims) Examination Special
Quick Revision Notes

*
*_Mughal Empire - II (Indian History)_*
25*. *A week after Akbars death, Salim succeeded to the throne of
Agra and assumed the title of *Nur-ud-din* *Mohammed Jahangir Padshah
*(Emperor) *Ghazi *(Holy warrior).
26*. *Five months after his accession to the throne, *Jahangir *faced
rebellion by his son *Khusrav. *The Prince and his troops were defeated
by the Mughal army near Jalandhar and Khusrav was captured alongwith his
principal followers, *Husain Beg *and *Abdul Aziz.*
27*. *The fifth Sikh Guru, *Arjan Dev *was sentenced to death by
Jahangir for helping Prince Khusrav with a sum of money. The execution
of Guru Arjan Dev estranged the Sikhs, till then a peace-loving
community, and turned them into foes of the Mughal Empire.
28*. *In May 1611, Jahangir married *Noor Jahan, *originally known as
*/Mihir-ul-nisa. /*The emperor, who styled himself Nor-ud-din, conferred
on his new wife the title of Noor Mahal (Light of the palace), which was
soon changed to Noor Jahan (Light of the world). She was the daughter of
*Mirza Ghiyas Beg, *a Persian adventurer.
29*. *Jahangir was known to have had several secret love affairs with
the ladies of the court. One famous love of Jahangir was *Anarkali, *for
whom he raised a beautiful marble tomb at Lahore.
30*. *The most distinguished triumph of Mughal imperialism during the
reign of Jahangir was its victory over the Rajputs of Mewar.
31*. *In the Deccan, war dragged on throughout his reign against the
kingdom of Ahmadnagar. The kingdom of Ahmadnagar was then served by its
Abyssinian minister *Malik Ambar, *one of the greatest statesmen that
Medieval India produced.
32*. *A partial success was gained by Mughals in 1616, when *Prince
Khurram *captured Ahmadnagar and some other strongholds. For this
victory Khurram was rewarded by his father with the title of *Shah Jehan
*(King of the world).
33*. *The first serious disaster of the Mughal empire during the reign
of Jahangir was loss of Kandhar. Deceiving the Mughal officers by gifts,

*Shah Abbas, *one of the greatest rulers of Asia in his time, besieged
Kandhar in 1621, and finally took it in June 1622.
34*. *Shah Jehan revolted against Jahangir with help of *Abdur Rahim
Khan-i-Khanan, *an officer in the Mughal court. He was, however,
defeated by Mughal forces led by *Mahabat Khan, *at Balochpur, near
Delhi, in 1623. Shah Jehan was then chased from province to province and
finally, in 1625, he reconciled with his father and retired to Nasik
with his wife Noor Jahan, a niece of Mumtaz Mahal, and youngest son
Murad. His other sons, *Dara Shikoh *and *Aurangzeb, *were sent to the
imperial court, probably to serve as hostages to ensure his good behaviour.
35*. *The success of *Mahtab Khan *excited the jealousy of Noor Jahan
and this hostility drove him to rebellion. Mahtab Khan took Jahangir as
prisoner on the banks of Jhelum, while the emperor was on his way to
Kabul. However, Jahangir managed to escape from prison and went to
*Rohtas* where troops loyal to him had collected in a large force.
Mahtab Khan ultimately made peace with Jahangir, but this triumph
remained short-lived as Jahangir died on October 27, 1627. His body was
buried in a beautiful tomb at *Shahdara,* near Lahore, on the banks of
Ravi.
36*. *Jahangir had a *Chain of Justice, *bearing sixty bells,fastened
between the *Shah Bhurj *in the Agra fort and a post on the road, near
the bank of Yamuna. The chain could be shaken by the humblest of his
subjects to bring their grievances to his notice.
37*. *The */Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri /*(Memoirs of Jahangir) is a brilliant
proof of his literary attainments.
38*. *Himself a painter, Jahangir was a patron of art and literature and
a lover of nature.
39*. *Jahangir made no departure from his fathers policy of admitting
Hindus to the higher public service. Man Singh, Kalyan Singh, son of
Todar Mal, and Vikramadit were three */Hindu governors during his reign./*
40*. *Jahangir also tried to control the practice of */sati/* among
Hindus. He passed orders that Hindu widows should not be compelled to
become */sati /*without his governments permission. He also tried to
put a stop to female infanticide.
41*. *Jahangir was fond of the company of the Vaishnava leader *Jadurup
*and held many discussions with him at Ujjain and Mathura, as a result
of which he came to the conclusion that Hindu Vedanta and Muslim sufism
were almost identical.
42*. *Jahangir was usually liberal and tolerant towards all religions,
but at times sanctioned repressive measures against Muslim heretics.
*Shaikh Rahim *of Lahore, who was a religious leader of a sect, was
imprisoned in the fortress of *Chunar. Qazi Nurullah *was put to death
on account of being a notable Shia writer. *Shaikh Ahmad Sarhindi *was
imprisoned in the fortress of Gwalior, but was released later and sent
back to Sarhind with gifts.
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