Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
diabetes in rats
Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2
Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
Corresponding author.: Bolog Daniela, 0040754581612, danabolog@yahoo.com, Clinicilor 5-7, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
1. Introduction
Trigonella foenum-graecum is originar from the mediteranean region
where it is cultivated on large areas. In the acient Egipt the plant has been used
for parfumes or for the emmbalment of mummies. In Rome it has been used to
aid labour. In chinese traditional medicine it is used as tonic for asthenia or as a
treatment for renal diseases
The animals were starved for 24 hours. Every rat received a dose of
streptozotocin(STZ) (60mg/kg body weight, in sodium citrate 10 mM) in the
codal vein. To prevent the hypoglicemic shock, 30 minutes after the
administration of the diabetogenic agent animals received i.p. 1 ml of a 33%
glucose saline solution. Blood glucose concentration was measured before STZ
administration and in the third and seventh day after. The animals that had a
glycemia >200 mg/dL were included in the experimental groups. 30-40 % of
the animals that receive STZ dont develop diabetes in the next days after
injection. These animals received another dose of streptozotocin (50 mg/ kg
body weight, in sodium citrate 10 mm). For the experiment have only been
recruted the animals that had developed hyperglycemia.
Animals were organized in four groups:
-first control group(C) with healthy rats and standard diet;
-second control group(D) with diabetic rats and standard diet;
- Trigonella 5% group(D+T5%) with diabetic rats which received 5% trigonella
seed podder in the fodder;
- Trigonella 10% group(D+T10%) also with diabetic rats which received 10%
trigonella seed powder in the diet.
The treatment period was 28 days. Animals were treated gently. At the
end of this period animals were sacrificed under anesthesia.
Blood was colected from jugular vein for further morphological and
biochemical examinations.
For the white and red cell count whole blood was used. The packed cell
volume has been measured using the Windrobe method. The haemoglobin
concentration was determined by photocolorimetric method with Drabkin
reagent. Blood concentration of glucose was determined colorimetrically by
Somogy-Nelson method. Protein determination was made using serum and
Bradford reagent (Gornall et al.,1949). We also used serum for measuring
cholesterol concentration and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
(Bergmeyer and Bernt, 1974) and catalase (Vives-Bauza et all., 2007).
The results are given as meansSE. The data were examined for statistical
significance using Students t test. Variations which have values of 0 p were
considered to be significant, statistically, as follows: P < 0.05 significantly ( * );
P <0.01 distinctly significantly ( ** ); P <0.001 very significant ( *** ).
3. Results
3.1 Red cell count
Parameter
x ES
n
Red cell
count/mm3
C
7.350.17
10
p1(C)
D
5.790.25
4
p<0,001
***
p2(D)
D+T5%
5.680.78
3
D+T10%
6.050.60
4
p< 0,01 **
p<0,05 *
p>0,05 NS
p>NS
xES: mean valuestandard error, n: sample number used for statistical analysis of data, p1(C): statistical significance
against the control group, p2(D): statistical significance of fenugreek-treated groups against the diabetic group
x ES
n
p1(C)
p2(D)
C
11.060.89
10
D
8.470.44
4
p>0,05 NS
D+T5%
8.900.58
3
p>0,05 NS
p>0,05 NS
D+T10%
9.470.31
4
p>0,05 NS
p>0,05 NS
xES: mean valuestandard error, n: sample number used for statistical analysis of data, p1(C): statistical significance
against the control group, p2(D): statistical significance of fenugreek-treated groups against the diabetic group
In diabetes the imune system is affected so the people who have this
affection are incled to inffection and have a diminished capacity of defense.
WBC count at the animals from the diabetic group is low compared to the
control group. On the other hand, in the D+T10% group we observ a slight
increase of the WBC count.
3.3 Packed cell volume
Parameter
Packed cell
volume %
x ES
n
p1(C)
p2(D)
C
42.080.62
10
D
241.34
4
p<0,001***
D+T5%
17.973.21
6
p<0,001 ***
p>0,05 NS
D+T10%
23.412.56
8
p<0,001 ***
p>0,05 NS
xES: mean valuestandard error, n: sample number used for statistical analysis of data, p1(C): statistical significance
against the control group, p2(D): statistical significance of fenugreek-treated groups against the diabetic group
x ES
n
p1(C)
p2(D)
C
17.940.47
10
D
10.540.93
8
p<0,001***
D+T5%
6.711.53
6
p<0,001***
p<0,05 *
D+T10%
7.560.42
8
p<0,001***
p<0,05 *
xES: mean valuestandard error, n: sample number used for statistical analysis of data, p1(C): statistical significance
against the control group, p2(D): statistical significance of fenugreek-treated groups against the diabetic group
D+T5%
D+T10%
x ES
108.927.44
424.1651.46 373.4783.01
172.5728.09
Serum
10
glucose
p1(C)
p<0,001 ***
p<0,001 ***
p<0,05 *
mg/dL
p2(D)
p>0,05 NS
p<0,001 ***
xES: mean valuestandard error, n: sample number used for statistical analysis of data, p1(C): statistical significance
against the control group, p2(D): statistical significance of fenugreek-treated groups against the diabetic group
D+T5%
D+T10%
x ES
156.125.55
109.842.17
119.835.53
137.804.06
Serum
cholesterol
p1(C)
mg/dL
p2(D)
p<0,001 ***
p<0,01 **
p<0,05 *
p>0,05 NS
p<0,001 ***
xES: mean valuestandard error, n: sample number used for statistical analysis of data, p1(C): statistical significance
against the control group, p2(D): statistical significance of fenugreek-treated groups against the diabetic group
Parameter
Protein
concentration
g/dL
D+T5%
D+T10%
x ES
6.000.20
3.100.36
2.930.66
3.350.43
n
p1(C)
p2(D)
10
6
7
p<0,001 *** p<0,001***
p>0,05 NS
p>0,05 NS
p<0,001***
xES: mean valuestandard error, n: sample number used for statistical analysis of data, p1(C): statistical significance
against the control group, p2(D): statistical significance of fenugreek-treated groups against the diabetic group
Parameter
LDH
moli
piruvat/dL
ser/min
D+T5%
D+T10%
x ES
0.910.12
1.040.17
0.850.15
0.580.05
n
P1(C)
10
8
p>0,05 NS
6
p>0,05 NS
6
p>0,05 NS
p>0,05 NS
p<0,05 *
P2(D)
xES: mean valuestandard error, n: sample number used for statistical analysis of data, p1(C): statistical significance
against the control group, p2(D): statistical significance of fenugreek-treated groups against the diabetic group
Parameter
x ES
n
P1(C)
C
0.110.01
10
SOD
USOD/min/mg
P2(D)
prot
CAT
k/s/g prot
x ES
n
P1(C)
P2(D)
45.635.03
8
D
0.210.03
4
p<0,05 *
26.215.79
7
p<0,05 *
D+T5%
0.290.13
3
p<0,05 *
p>0,05
NS
D+T10%
0.150.008
3
p>0,05 NS
22.085.43
5
p<0,05 *
p>0,05 NS
30.695.90
3
p>0,05 NS
p>0,05 NS
p>0,05 NS
xES: mean valuestandard error, n: sample number used for statistical analysis of data, p1(C): statistical significance
against the control group, p2(D): statistical significance of fenugreek-treated groups against the diabetic group
4. Discussion
After the administration of fenugreek powder in the animal diet for 28
days semnificative decreases of blood glucose were observed in the diabetic
groups Trigonella 5%, respectively 10%. Maintaing normal blood glucose
values certifies the hypoglycaemic potential of fenugreek seed powder. Hannan
et all (2007) affirm that the diets rich in Trigonella fiber slow intestinal
absorbtion of sugars by reducing the activity of -amylase and sucrase, the key
enzymes in the metabolism of carbohydrates. Also Trigonelline reduces
glycosuria in diabetic people.
The results also validated the hypercholesterolemic potential of
fenugreek. Its seeds contain 4-6 % saponins, which are transformed into
sapogenins in the gastrointestinal tract. Biliary cholesterol secretion is
enhanced so the plasmatic concentration decreases.
According to Bin-Hafeez et all. (2003) fenugreek has stimulatory effects
upon immunitary functions increasing macrophages phagocytizing function.
Most complications that accompany diabetes occur due to the presence
of reactive oxygen species. The activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT
is disturbed. The treatment with 10% fenugreek seed powder restaured their
activity to control values. There by we can affirm that one of the benefic effects
of Trigonella powder is the protection of the membrane system against the
destructive action of free radicals.Genet et all (2002) assert that a treatment
with insulin, sodium orthovanadate and fenugreek powder restored elevated
peroxide levels to normal values. Polyphenolic compounds found in fenugreek
seeds have antioxidant properties and protected the erythrocytes against
oxidative stress.
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