Computers,

Phones, &
Peripherals
7 7 _ Cell phones & smart phones
82 Desktop computers
86 Laptops & netbooks
89 GPS navigation
94 Monitors " •
96 Printers
76 C O N S U M E R R E P O R T S B U Y I N G G U I D E 2 0 1 0

Computers, Phones,
St Peripherals:
Portable & Versatile
aster. Lighter. More powerful. These are the constant Impera-

F tives for computing and mobile-communications gear. The

latest laptops and cell phones offer the kind of unprecedented
connectedness that even James Bond would admire. Chip
speeds, network Improvements, and design innovation are
driving spectacular growth in digital capabilities. Where the smallest
devices once commanded premium pricing, now smaller is often cheaper.

A sign of the times: With prices now
starting at less than $400, more laptops
are being bought by consumers than ever
before, and rrtany of these computers can
challenge their desktop counterparts on
speed and capability. Desktop computers
Lire becoming commodity products, with
(>rices as low as $300 for speedy models.
And why remain tethered to a power
cord and network cabling when Wi-Fi
connectivity beckons? For those who pre-
fer the heft and expandability of desktop
computers, larger, tbinner monitors with
wide-screen proportions are changing the
look of home offices and living rooms.
Among otber trends shaping computing
and communications hardware:
Cell phones sizzle. Mobile telephony is
no longer just a matter of voice and text
messaging. Most new cell phones allow
you to check e-mail, browse the Web, play
games, and take pbotos. Wireless video
and TV can use improvement, but models
that double as MP3 players are handy
hybrids. Top-of the-tine models called
smart phones combine personal digital
assistant (PDA) capabilities with mobile
phoning so you can make voice calls or
wirelessly connect to the Internet at near-
wired broadband speeds.
Cordless phones go ccU-llke. Some
cordless phones can lap into cell-phone ser-
vice and some resemble a cell phone. For
greater security, new cordless phones
use digital technology. Most can handle
multiple handsets from a single base, even
if phone Jacks are scarce. Some cordless
models connect directly to Voice over
Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone service-
Desktops downsize. Many desktop
computers are still boxy and bulky, but
you can find slimmer models. All-in-one
systems, which integrate the disk drives,
.sound card, memory, and more into the
display rather than in a separate to\ver. are
also on the rise.

Some laptops get smaller. Inexpensive
.ind portable, netbook.s are downsized
laptops with 10- to 12-inch screens that
weigh 2 to 3 pounds and cost S300 to
S.300. They are designed chiefly for inter-
net use and light word processing. They
.tre not meant to replace the full func-
I ionality of your laptop or desktop. Most
iictbooks run Windows XP.
Be cyber-secure. One in fivç online
consumers were victim.s of a cybercrime
¡n ihe pasi two years, according to our
latest State of the Net survey.
CELL PHONES &
SMART PHONES
Standard wireless phones have
added keyboards and touch screens
while some smart models are geared
for play.
llic Gl smart phone from T-Mobile,
the so-called Google phone, and Apple's
iPhone 3G—our best choices in smart
phones buill less for work than play—
both have a 3 inch plus touch screen that
.illowsyou to easily use such nuiUimedia
functions as the Web browser and music
,md video players. .
Touch .screens are also showing up on
standard phones. Including tbe LG Dare
.irid tbe Samsung Instinct s30. Some con-
ventional model.^ have a full keyboard for
fasier texting.
When you're ready to buy your next
celi phone, you'il first have to decide
which ofthe two types, standard cell or
smart, meets your needs and budget.
Choose a standard model if you need
only voice and text-messaging capability.
CELL. S M A R T P H O N E S 77
and perhaps a music player and camera.
Smart phones with advanced operating
systems, QWF.RTY keyboards, and other
PDA'like features, area better choice for
people who need frequent access to
e-mails, an organizer for appointments
and contacts, and Internel-based services.
Useful features such as support for
wireless Bluetooth headsets. GPS navi-
gation, and high speed data access can
greatly enhance user satisfaction,
TYPES
Conventional cell phones. Most stan-
dard models are compact and priced
from $20 lo $150, or come free witb a
two year contract. Keypad and overall
operation are generally straightforward.
Ali models allow you to store frequently
used numbers and lo send and receive
text messages. Many have basic cameras
and support wireless Bluetooth headsets
Ibr hands-free communication. You'll
need to spend more than $100 to ac-
cess high-speed data networks (3G) and
enjoy music and video-based services,
Other capabilities might include a touch
screen, a QWERTY keyboard, an HTML
browser, a multimegapixel camera, mem-
ory-card storage for music and pictures,
and more options for custom ringtones,
games, and other services.
Smart phones. Long used by corporate
travelers to keep up wiih e-mail and ap-
pointments, smart phones are now catch-
ing on with consumers. Some want lo tap
out lext messages on a QWIr.RTY style
keyboard rather than ihe liny keypad of a
regular cell phone. Others see no reason lo
tole a PDA and a regular ceil phone when
asmart phone can do the job of both.
The world of smart phones divides
into two categories. Some offer business-
focused capabilities in a palm-filting
78 C O N S U M E R R E P O R T S
package. They allow you to create and
edit spreadsheets and documents, and
they usually come with Microsoft Out-
look, Palm Desktop, or otber persiMial
information management software for
your computer. Many of those models
have touch screens for accessing the
phone's many features. Other smart
phones are geared
toward personal
Tech tip use. They're fine
Poor cell-phone for playing music
performance can and other multi-
often be cured mediafiles,reading
by downloading e-mail messages,
a software patch
into your phone. and opening Mi-
crosoft Office type
file attachments, but they don't allow
you to create or edit documents and
spreadsheets.
FEATURES
Today's cell phones come equipped
with many useful calling and multime-
dia features.
Bands. You'll often find phones
described as quad- or tri-band, dual-
band, or multinetwork. Those terms
describe the ways a phone can connect
to one or more wireless networks, which
affects the coverage your phone provides.
Tri-band, quad-band, or "world
phones" operate on GSM networks in the
U.S. and abroad. Tri-band phones with
850/1800/1900 MHz capability can oper-
ate on two bands domestically and one
internationally. Tri-band phones with
900/1800/1900 MHz capability operate
on one band in the U.S. (1900 MHz) and
two bands internationally. Quad-band
phones can operate on all four bands for
maximum potential coverage.
Dual-band phones can connect to a
digital network in two different frequency
B U Y I N G G U I D E 2 0 1 0
bands. GSM providers often use the term
"850/1900 MHz" instead of dual-band.
Dual-band phones work as well as tri-
mode as long as you are in range of your
home network.
Multinetwork phones are compatible
with more than one digital network, often
in two frequency bands. They are best for
people who travel frequently overseas and
who are customers of Sprint Nextel or
Verizon. Sprint Nestel and Verizon offer
multinetwork phones that operate on CiSM
networks internationally, and domesti-
cally on ibeir CDMA networks (for the
Sprint Nextel and Verizon phones) or
iDEN (integrated digital enhanced net-
work) networks for the Nextel phones
that have walkie-talkie capability.
Bluetooth. This lechnology enables
the phone to work with wireless head-
sets and most hands-free car systems
for tangle-free calls (but avoid using any
pbone, even hands-free, while driving.).
Some phones support stereo Bluetooth
headsets for music and other multime-
dia. And .some can wirelessly exchange
pictures, contacts, and other files with
other compatible Bluetooth devices, sudi
as a computer, cell phone, or FDA.
Camera. Most new phones have cam-
eras with resolutions of 1 megapixel and
up that are capable of producing respect-
able snapshots, though many lack a flash,
which is helpful when taking pictures in
dark environments. Look for models with
3-megapixel cameras or higher if you
intend to print some of what you shoot.
Those models take photography more
seriously by pairing sharper image sen-
sors with high-grade lenses, autofocus,
zoom, and brightness controls for greater
photo control. However, like older digital
cameras, higher-megapLxel camera phones
are a bit sluggish at taking pictures.

Document editing. Ail smart phones
allow you lo review documents. Some
models add the convenience of creating,
deleting, and editing them.
GPS navigation. Sume cell-phone ser-
vice carriers, including AT&T, Sprint,
and Verizon, are now providing GPS
navigation through compatible cell and
smart phones. 'Ihe.se models access ihe
information wirelessly over the carrier
network. Menus.and features are simi-
tar lo other portable .systems, including
spoken atid onscreen turn-by-turn direc-
tions, traffic info, and a point of-interest
menu. Advantages include eliminating
the need to carry an additional device
for navigation, more-currenl databases
for map info, as well as points of-interest,
and the ability to call ahead to a destina-
tion with the push of a button.
Tlie service's cost typically adds aboul
$10 per month lo your cell-phone bill, or
it can be used for about $3 per day.
But the small size of some cell-phone
screens can make the map and directions
hard to see. Smaller speakers compro-
mise the audio quality of spoken direc-
tions, and small buttons are harder to
manipulate than those on larger devices.
Not all phones are available with mount-
ing systems. And the navigation function
may not work if you don't have access to
a data network and a data plan.
Hearing-aid compatibility. Some
phones interfere with hearing aids. Even
those with hearing-aid-conipatible desig-
nations are not guaranteed to work with
all hearing aids. Your doctor can help you
choose a phone compatible with the aid
y<iu use. Or go to www.accesswireiess.OTg.
Mac compatibility. Many phones let
you synchronize appointments, contacts,
.snd documents with a PC, but only some
can do thai with Macintosh computers.
CELL, SMART PHONES 79
Media player. Most phones have very
competent media players, allowing you
to view videos and sort music tracks
according to genre, album or artist,
playlists. etc. They also typically have
more than one playback option, such as
repeal and .sbufTle. Some phones, such as
the iPhone, have media capabilities bet-
ter than other standalone players. ITie
small number of phones that lack these
convenient features are rather cumber-
some to use.
Memory card. Many phones have slots
that accept memory cards to expand stor-
age capacity by as much as 32 gigabytes
(GB). The removable cards can also serve
as an easy way to shuttle files between
your phone and other devices, provided
the phone's maker didn't bury the card
slol behind the battery cover, Card for-
mats include Secure Digital (SD), miniSD,
and microSD.
Preset and custom text messages.
Besides providing a quiet means of com-
munication, text messages have been
known to get through even when net-
works are overloaded. Most phones come
with preset messages, such as "running
late" or "call home." And most allow you
to program customized messages for an
emergency or frequent use.
Programmable shortcuts. These let
you assign functions to the phone's con-
trols (touch screen, jog dial, etc.) so that
you can quickly access contacts and other
frequently used features.
QWERTY keyboard. Composing and
editing lext and email messages is much
easier on a keyboard than on a keypad.
Some phones have keyboards that try to
save space by having some letters, num-
bers, and symbols share a key. Those
"condensed" keyboards are not as easy
to use as full QWERTY keyboards.
80 C O N S U M E R R E P O R T S
Speakerphone. A built-in speaker-
phone allows bands-free use in a car or
elsewhere. (Bui avoid using any pbone,
even hands-free, while driving.)
Standard beadset connector. Tbe stan-
dard beadset connector on the handset,
also known as a 2.5-mni or 3.5-mm con-
nector, is compatible with most aftermar-
ket wired headsets. Some phones with
a proprietary connector may Include an
adapter to a standard connector.
Toucb screen. Full loiich-sensitive
displays respond to light contact with a
stylus, finger, or both. Tbey provide an
alternate, and sometimes more direct,
method to input data and launcb phone
features and controls. But they oiten
require two hands to operate, and tbey
smudge more frequently tban tbeir non-
touch counterparts.
Voice command. Tbis feature allows
you to dial numbers from your phone
book by speaking tbe name, without the
usual training. You can also dial numbers
by pronouncing the digits.
Wi-Fi. Cell-phone data networks-
even tbose designated "3G broadband"—
are much slower than tbe broadband
Internet connections many people have
at home. But a rising number of phones
bavc a built-in Wi-Fi radio that allows
them faster Internet and e mail access via
home networks and Wi-Fi hotspots. On
some phones, tbe Wi-Fi is just for Web
browsing; on others, you can use the con-
nection to swap files witb a computer or
make calls using VoIP.
SHOPPING TIPS
Consider shape and size. Phones that
told, slide, or swivel are typically more
compact when closed. Phones shaped
like candy bars can be used without first
being opened. Tbe best cboice depends
B U Y I N G G U I D E 2 0 1 0
largely on personal preference, so visit
a store and hold the phone if possible.
Make .sure you can comfortably use most
keyi with one band. Make a test call and
access menu items. We've found tbat flat
or virtual keypads make dialing more
difficult without looking. Other call clunk-
ers include keys that are small, oddly
shaped, or arranged in unusual patterns,
especially if you're trying to dial a num-
ber in dim light.
Check the display. Most screens are
fine in dim and normal light, but some
are barder to see in daylighl or under
bright light. Try the pbone oulside or
under bright light. In our tests, phones
tbat displayed incoming and outgoing
numbers in large black type against a
white background were the easiest lo
read under most conditions. Also make
sure indicators sucb as battery life and
signal strength are clearly visible.
Consider the keyboard. A phone's
shape and size are largely determined by
its keyboard and display. Some models
have a QWHRTY keyboard that slides
out from behind the phone and tucks
away wben not in use. Others open like
an eyeglass case to reveal a keyboard, or
leave the keyboard in plain sigbt. Still
other models have a virtual keyboard on
their touch-sensitive displays. Overall,
we found pecking out messages on their
mirror smooth, buttonless surfaces to be
a challenge.
If you plan to do a lot of typing, look
instead for a keyboard witb keys that are
raised, clearly labeled, well-spaced, and
well-sized. Make sure that tbe keys pro-
vide solid tactile feedback. "Ibe keyboard
should be easy to read under different
lighting conditions.
Smart-phone buyers: Consider the
operating system. Smart phones run

on various operating systems, each with
its own character. The operating system
affects a phone's capabilities, ease of use,
and other conveniences.
Android, Currently found on T-Mobile's
Gl phone, Android is a moditied version
of the Linux operating system used on
a small, but growing number of com-
puters, set-top boxes, and other devices.
Its claim to fame is ihat its "open" archi-
tecture will encourage software develop-
ers to create applications that run on the
phone. But you can't edit Office documents
on t he G1.
BlackBerry. One of the simplest oper-
ating systems for e-mail. E-mail setup
and account management are among the
easiest—especially on T Mobile, Push
capability automatically sends e-mails
to the phone so that you don't bave to
check it manually. Most models have
easytrackball navigation, but lack touch-
screen support. And, on many models,
you can't create and edit Office documents
such as Word and Excel. Some models
have a more powerful operating system
and Office document editing and even a
touch screen.
Danger. Used on the Sidekick, this
relatively simple interface makes text and
instant messaging a snap. But other tasks,
including dialing, are not always intui-
tive. Lacks automatic notification of new
e-mail messages, including push e-mail.
Also, you can't create and edit Office doc-
uments, such as Word and Excel.
OS X, A mobile version of tbe OS X
found on Macintosb computers designed
to work with finger-driven toucb screens.
It's what makes many of tbe iPbone's
innovative features possible, including a
full-featured version of the Safari Web
browser, witb rich HTML, e-mail, search-
ing, and map functions. Version 3.0 of this
CELL. SMART PHONES
multimedia powerhouse allow users to
create or edit Office documents.
Palm. This user-friendly touch-screen
interface features programmable short-
cuts and hard buttons for messaging,
phone, and other applications. Supports
full-featured e-mail and office programs.
Among tbe best operating systems for
basic PDA function.s—contacts, calen-
dar, and task lists—but can oniy run
one Office-type ap-
plication at a time.
Tlie Palm Pre's new Shop smart
webOS operating Keyboards tiiat
system allows mul- cram multiple
titasking. letters, numbers,
and symbols on a
Symbian or Se- single key to save
ries 60. Found pri- space aren't as
marily on Nokia easy to handle as
phones, the basic full i\eyboards.
version is difficult to
use, especially wben setting up and using
e-mail. Also, you can't create and edit
Office documents, such as Word and Excel.
The more powerful version is a little bet-
ter at those tasks, and lets you edit Otfice
documents, though its folder-based inter-
face makes navigation a challenge.
Windows Mobile. Its interface is sim-
ilar to Windows, which makes naviga-
tion intuitive to PC users. It synchronizes
easily witb Microsoft Outlook on a PC,
and you can buy software for syncing
with Macs. Easy to switch between appli-
cations and run multiple programs. But
running several applications might slow
performance. Closing applications is also
complicated.
Tbe more powerful version supports a
touch screen for easier navigation and
full-featured e-mail and Office programs.
The basic version only allows you to view
documents such as Word and Excel, and
lacks touch-screen support.
82 C O N S U M E R R E P O R T S
Consider the data plan. Using the
extra, network-dependent capabilities of
a smart phone requires a regular (voice/
lext) phone plan and a data plan for Web
surfing and sending and receiving e-mail.
Prices for the two combined start at $45
to $80 a month with a two-year contract.
But you can easily spend more than $200
a month as you add minutes, text mes-
sages, and otber services.
Consider syncing options. Syncing
your phone with your computer has some
advantages. For example, you'll most
likely find it easier to update calendar
events and contact data using your com-
puter's larger keyboard and display. You'll
also have peace of mind knowing all of
your documents and personal data will
be safely backed up should your phone be
lost or stolen. But before you buy, check
wiih the carrier or phone maker to make
sure the phone is compatible with your
computer or its operating system.
Check for updates. Manufacturers and
carriers often use updates not only to
address known bugs, but also to improve
talk time or even add new features. To
update your phone, look for "update"
under ihe settings menu, and foiiow the
instructions. Make sure you're, in a good
reception area to ensure that the file
downloads fast and error-free. You should
also periodically look up your phone on
the Web sites of your carrier and phone's
manufacturer.
Check for special prices and promo-
tions. Rebates and special ofïers can be
substantial, but they change frequently.
Check the carrier's offerings online and
in its retail stores, and then see whal
independent dealers offer at their Web
sites and in their outlets. If pos.sible. buy
a new phone when you're switching carri-
ers or signing a new service commitment
B U Y I N G GUIDE 2010
with your existing carrier. You almost
always get a better deal.
Check the return policy. Make sure
you can return the phone if you're nol
happy with it. Some stores attach stifT
service-cancellation fees on top of what
a carrier might cbarge.
Don't buy phone insurance. Ali major
cell carriers offer insurance policies that
cover tost, stolen, or damaged phones.
Tbose policies typically cost about $4
to $5 a month and carry a $35 to $100
deductible. We don't think insurance
is worthwhile for most consumers. The
cost of the premium over a year, for ex-
ample, would he $50 or $60. Tack on
the deductible and you've paid as much
as you would have to buy a new phone.
Damaged phones are often replaced with
a refurbished phone that might not even
be the same model.
Related CR report: January 2009
Ratings for cell phones: page 193
Ratings for smart phones: page 268
DESKTOP
COMPUTERS
With prices ranging from $300 to
$2,000 or more and the advent of
alt-in-one models, there's a desktop
model for every budget and need.
Computers are going lean, mean, and
green, with space-saving profiles, more effi-
cient chips and environmentally friendly
designs. The besl computers are also
increasingly security-conscious, offering
features designed lo keep your machine
and your data out of harm's reach.

Many desktop computers are still boxy
.ind bulky, but slimmer models are com-
ing on strong, as are all-in-ones.
TYPES
Desktops are availa(ile in various styles
and configurations, all designed to appeal
Id ditTerent ta.ste.s—and uses.
Standard. These computers meet the
needs of most users, and can cost less
ihan $.100 on the low end. Although the
i-omponents are not top-of-the-Une, they
ofTer decent performance. Hard drives
might be on the smaller side, starting at
IbOGIi, and the processor won't be the
latest or fastest. Graphics will probably
be integrated, meaning no fast-action
gaming. The monitor, and sometimes
speakers, will likely cost extra.
If all you do is word processing. Web
surfing, and e-niail. a .standard model
will serve you and your wallet well. The
same economies that produced netbooks
arc spawning a generatifjn ot desktop
computers called net-tops. They're small
.ind affordable, but less powerful than
sUuuiard desktops.
Multimedia. Ihe key words for this
level of computer are "more," "bigger,"
and "faster." You'il get a bigger hard
drive, more memory, and a faster dual-
core or even quad-core processor. You'll
also get lots of room to upgrade, with
extra slots for adding RAM and open
slots tor expansion cards. You might get
il discrete graphics card, and if it's an
entertainment system, a Blu-ray burner
and TV tuner card. You can find a multi-
media computer tor less than $1.000.
Gaming/graphics. The sky's the limit
tor these, which are geared primarily
toward gamers and digital video editors.
You get the fastest quad-core processors,
the most sophisticated graphics cards,
DESKTOP COMPUTERS 63
multiple large hard drives, and faster,
plenliful RAM. Cases are usually targe—
and, in some instances, offer a fair
amount of bling—with lois of room for
expansion. Cost is generally $1,000 to
$2,000 or more.
All-in-one. These incorporate all com-
ponents, including the monitor, into one
case. The components are tightly packed
behind the display, virtually eliminating
any possibility of expansion. Meant lo
be space savers, they're also designed to
look less stodgy than a traditional com-
puter. You will pay a premium price for
these models.
Mini, small-form-factor. These are less
expensive than all-in-ones. Ihey also save
energy and material re.sources compared
with regular desktops.
FEATURES
Processor. For desktops, the lowest-
priced Windows systems probably use
Pentium Dual-Core, Celeron, Atblon. or
Sempron processors. Dual-core proces-
sor fiimilies from Intel (('ore 2 Duo) and
AMD (Athlon X2) represent newer tech-
nologies developed to increase processing
power beyond what a single-chip proces-
sor can achieve. Macs use Intel Core 2 Duo
series processors. Quad-core processors
are common in higher-end desktops, and
AMD also offers a triple-core processor.
The latest Intel processor is tbe Core i7,
The different processor families make
direct speed comparisons ditHcutt, bul
any recent processor family will probably
deliver all the speed you need.
RAM. Most brand-name computers
sold today bave at least 2GB of RAM, the
memory the computer uses while in oper-
ation. Computers witb 3GB can be slightly
faster; we don't think any more than that
is beneñcial.
84 C O N S U M E R R E P O R T S
Op»erating system. If you buy a PC, you
have a choice of several versions of Win-
dows Vista, each with its own hardware
requirements. Vista Home Basic leaves out
several features we liked in this software,
while Vista Ultimate costs more and has
more features than mosl home users need.
We recommend Home Premium as the
Vista version for most home users.
Windows 7, which pundits have dubbed
"Vista done right," is the nexi version of
Microsoft's operating system. It's simi-
lar in many respects to Vista, but with
some rough edges
Tech tip smoothed over and
some performance
Some
manufacturers gains.
Apple computers
add a lot of demo
software that come with Mac OS
you don't need. X, an operating sys-
You can often tem based on Unix.
remove most of It's less prone to tall
it yourself. victim to viruses
and spyware. With
a teature called Boot Camp, you can run
any version of Windows on one partition
and OS X on the other. An updated ver-
sion of OS X, called Snow Leopard, was
released in August.
Graphics adapter and video RAM.
A computer'.'i graphics adapter is either
integrated onto the motherboard or on a
separate internal plug-in card. In addition
to feeding tbe computer's display with an
analog (VGA) or a digital (DVI) signal.
a graphics adapter might have an output
such as an S-video or High-Definition
Multimedia Interface (HDMI) port to feed
video to an external TV, or accept video
from an external analog source (rare). But
an adapter can always display video from
sources such as a file, a DVD. or a TV
tuner. All desktops come with a mini-
mum of integrated graphics capability for
B U Y I N G G U I D E 2 0 1 0
watching DVDs or playing casual games
such as solitaire. Video RAM, or VRAM,
is secondary RAM that works with the
graphics processor to provide smooth
game play. To play 3D4ntensive games,
we recommend at least 256 megabytes
(MB) or more.
Hard drive. This is your computer's
long term data storage. Given the require-
ments of today's games, digital photos,
and videofiles,bigger i.s better. Sizes com-
monly range from 160 to 730GB. You'll
even see drives ot 1 terabyte (1,OOÜGB),
For added security, you could opt for a
RAID I array (redundant array of inex-
pensive disks), which includes two iden-,
tical drives set up so that dala are viTitten
to both drives simultaneously. Iliat way
if one fails, all your data are safe an thf
other one.
You might also see the term serial ATA,
or SATA, applied to hard drives, SATA
provides a taster form of data transfer
than the older parallel ATA disk drive
interface. It's also found in the form of an
external e-SATA port on some PCs,
Solid-state or flash drives allow your
computer to access data without the mov-
ing parts required by a traditional hard
drive. They use less power, work quieter
and more quickly, and should be more
resistant to damage from rugged use.
Optical drive. DVD burners are stan-
dard gear on today's computers. A DVD
burner provides removable storage for
home-video footage or digital photos.
Blu-ray disc (BD) drives are the standard
to look for. BD is capable of playing the
growing list of Blu-ray movies and can
store 5ÜGB, almost six limes the capacity
of a double-layer DVD. There are also
three older competing, incompatible DVD-
writing formats—DVD-RW, DVD-HRW,
and DVD-RAM. Some drives can write

in more than one format, but all can cre-
ate a disc that will play on stand-alone
DVD players.
Monitor. LCD sizes range from 17 to
24 inches and larger (measured diago-
nally). Tbe most common si?;cs are 19
and 20 inches. Better LCD displays can
use a DVI connection, found on some
PCs wilh graphics processors. You can
often obtain a discount on a monitor by
buying it with a new computer at a man-
ufacturer's Web sile.
Case. Form factors for computers are
more varied now. In addition to the most
i,ommon tower format, you can find all-
in one and small-form-factor (SFF)
computers. Standard computers usually
come in towers, which fit on lop of
or under a desk. Ibe all-in-one form
factor, such as the Apple iMac, packs all
the components into the same enclosure
as the LCD display. Only the keyboard
iind mouse are separate. Sony, HP,
Dell, Lenovo, and Gateway also have
all-in-one models. SFF cases include
the Dell Sludio Hybrid and the Apple
Mac mini.
Mouse. This controls the cursor on
ihtf computer's screen. It comes either
wired or wireless. Wireless mice give you
more mobility, but you must keep them
charged or replace the batteries every few
months. Most mice bave optical motion
sensors on their undersides.
Keyboard. Most desktops come witb a
standard wired keyboard, although you
can also buy one separately. Some key-
boards have CD (or DVD) controls that
let you pause, play back, change tracks,
and so on. Some also have additional
keys to expedite getting online, starting
a .search, launching programs, or retriev-
i ng e-mail. Like mice, keyboards can also
be wireless.
DESKTOP COMPUTERS 85
Ports. Tbe ports to look for include
USB, FireWire. Ethernet, and S-video or
HDMI. USB ports let you connect many
add-on devices, such as digital camer-
as or external hard drives, as well as a
USB flash drive. Having ihese ports at
ibe front of the case makes connecting
devices more convenient. An Ethernet
port or wireless network card lets you
link several computers in- ihe household
to share files, a printer, or a broadband
Internet connection. FireWire or IEEE
1394 ports are used to connect digital
camcorders and other peripheral de-
vices. An S-video or HDMI output jack
lets you run a video cable from the com-
puter to a television so you can use the
computer's disc drive to view a movie
on a TV. Media-center PCs (equipped
wilh TV tuners) can also capture video
from a VCR, letting you copy tapes to
DVDs. The once ubiquitous modem
port is disappearing from new comput-
ers as dial-up Internet access marches
toward oblivion. Other slots to look for
on a new computer are readers for Hash-
memory cards.
SHOPPING TIPS
Buy à la carte... If you've settled on a
model and prefer nol lo buy in a store,
order from the manufacturer's Web site.
Con figure-to-order is now common prac-
tice for desktops.
. . . Or go to the store. Buying in a
retail store instead of configuring a sys-
tem online can generally save you a few
hundred bucks. Most retail configura-
tions are quite robust, except for graphics.
Plus, you can ask a salesperson for help.
On the downside, you'll find fewer cus-
tomization options.
Consider tech support. Our user sur-
veys have found major differences in the
86 C O N S U M E R R E P O R T S
quality of tecb support. Apple has been
best for laptop and desktop support.
Weigh reliability. Computers aren't
especially reliable, Rougbly one infivehas
needed repairs within a few years' time.
But don't run out and buy an extended
service plan. Our survey data suggest tbat
on average, computer repairs cost about
the same as a plan, which you might
never use.
Play down the processor speed and fo-
cus on RAM. Current processors deliver
all the speed most people need. Instead,
get al least 2GB of RAM.
Think green when you buy. A new,
voluntary Energy Star standard for com-
puters went into effect two years ago. It
should result in more efficient power use.
Recycle when you toss. Most manufac-
turers have recycling programs that belp
you to dispose of your old computer.
Get your coupons. Cbeck out coupon
and deal sites such as Bbates, FatWallet.
com. and Techbargains,com,
Shop at the right time. January, July,
and October are good limes to shop; new
models are expected in stores at those
times, whicb means older inventory needs
to be cleared out to make room.
Related CR report: f une 2009
Ratings: page 196
LAPTOPS &
NETBOOKS
Technological advances have brought
us portable computers that handle
all the functions of a desktop model
and pared-down models that focus on
the basics.
B U Y I N G G U I D E 2 0 1 0
TYPES
Laptops. Screen size is essential in
deciding which type of laptop is rigbt for
you. If you're planning to carry the lap-
top around witb you frequently, a 13-inch
model is probably the rigbt choice. You
might bave to sacrifice some speed, and
you'll spend a few hundred dollars more
than you would for a larger laptop. But
you'll also lighten your load by at least
a pound, and you'll find many of the
same features on slim-and-lights ibat
are available on larger laptops, includ-
ing webcams, memory-card readers, and
fingerprint scanners.
If you don't mind another half-pound
to a pound or so ut" weight, laptops with
14-ihch displays are a good, welterweight
alternative for travelers on a budget.
Laptops witb a I5-inch to 16-incb
screen generally offer tbe ideal balance
of performance, portability, and price.
Tbey weigh about 6 pounds, although
some are tighter. Tliey're good for ihose
who need to take a laptop along less fre-
quently, and can easily be configured to
serve as a desktop replacement.
Fora full-blown, entertainment-oriented
desktop replacement, ct)nsider a 17- or
18-incb model. You'll get a good-sized
screen, better speakers, and more options
for multimedia features. It will cost more
than a comparable desktop, but it's smaller
and less obtrusive.
Tablets sit in your hand like a clipboard
and bave handwriting-recognition sort-
ware. Most convert to a "normal" laptop
with a keyboard.
Netbooks. Inexpensive and portable,
netbooks are downsized laptops with
a 12-inch*or-smaller screen that weigh
2 to 3 pounds and cost $300 to $500.
They are designed chiefly for Internet use
and light word processing. Tbey are not

meant to replace the fuil functionality
of your iaptop or desictop, While some
models run the Linux operating system
;is a money saver, all ncibooits can run
Windows XP.
Kelbooks are a new computer category,
^o we currently have no reliability data.
FEATURES
Proces.sor. Laptops generally come
with a dual-core processor. U you're on
a budget, an Intel Pentium Dual-Core or
AMD Turlon X2 isfine.For greater power
or battery life, get an Intel Core 2 Duo.
Nclbooks use Intel's Atom or VlA's Nano
pi ocessor,lower-powered processors than
those in traditional laptops or desktops.
RAM. Most brand-name computers
s<tld today have at least 2GB of RAM,
the memory the computer uses while in
operation, Computers with 3GB can be
slightly faster; we don't think any more
I han that is beneficial.
Operating system. Both the Windows
.iiid Mac operating systems have advan-
tages. See details starting on page 83.
Graphics adapter and video RAM.
All laplops come with a minimum of in-
tegrated graphics capability for watching
DVDs or playing casual games such as
solitaire. Video RAM, or VRAM, is sec-
ondary RAM that works wiih the graphics
processtjr to provide smooth game play. To
play 3D-intensive games, we recommend
,it least 256 MB or more.
Hard drive. Most laptops come with
a traditional 160 to 500GB bard drive,
which i-s where alt your files and pro
grams are stored. Pay attention to a hard
drive's speed. 4.200 RPM, while rare.
Is considered fairly slow. 5,400 RPM is
common. 7,200 RPM is fastest, but costs
more. Some laptops can be equipped with
two hard drives.
LAPTOPS & NETBOOKS 87
Solid-state or flash drives allow your
computer to access data without the mov-
ing parts required by a traditional hard
drive. They use less power, work quieter
and more quickly, and should be more
resistant to damage. Some netbooks use
solid-slate drives.
Optical drive. Blu-ray disc (BD)
drives are the standard to look for. BD is
capable of playing Blu-ray movies and
can store 50GB,
almost six limes
the capacity of a
Tech tip
double-iayer DVD. Glossy screens '
There are also three are now standard
older competing, on most
laptops. Several
incompatible have aúdeü
DVD-writing for- anti-reflective
mats—DVD-RW, coatings, with
DVD + RW. and mixed results.
DVD-RAM, Some
drives can write in more ihan one formal.
but all can create a disc that will play on
stand-alone DVD ptayers.
Display. See Types on page 94 for details
on screen size. On larger screens, a reso-
lution of 1440x900 (WXGA+) pixels (pic
lure elements) or more is better than
1280x800 (WXGA) for viewing Ihe fine
detaii In photographs or video, but it
might shrink objects on Ihe screen. You
can use selting.s in Windows to make ihem
targer. Most models are offered with a
display that has a glossy surface instead
of a matte one. Those look better in bri^t
ambient light as long as you avoid direct
refleclions. A "wide aspect" dispiay
(WXGA or WSXGA)fitswide screen DVD
movies better.
A new dispiay technoiogy calied LED-
backlit LCD is making ils way into lap-
tops. An advantage of the technology is
its more efficient use of power and, as a
result, longer battery life.
88 C O N S U M E R R E P O R T S
Battery. When not plumed into a wall
outlet, portable computers use a recharge-
able lithium-ion battery for power. In
our tests, a normal battery provided 2 to
nearly 6 hours of continuous use when
running ofñce applications. (I.aptops go
into sleep mode when used intermittent-
ly, extending the time between charges.)
Vou can lengthen battery life if you dim
the display, lurn off wireless devices
when not needed, and use only basic
applications. Playinga DVD movie uses
more battery power than other func-
tions, but most laptops should be able to
play one through to the end. Many lap-
tops can accept an
Shop smart "extended" battery,
adding size and
The small weight but giving
speakers built
into laptops often
as much as twice
sound tinny. the battery life.
Headphones or Touchpad. Most
externat speakers laptups use a small
deliver much touchpad in place
better sound. of a mouse; you
slide your finger
across it to move the cursor. You can
also program the pad to respond to a
"tap" as a "click," or scroll as you sweep
your index 6nger along the pad's right
edge. Some new models let you use two-
ñngered gestures, too. An alternative
system uses a pointing stick the size of
a pencil eraser in the middle of the key-
board. You can attach a USB or wireless
mouse or trackball if you prefer. Some
use multitouch technology, which uses
hand ge.stures for /.ooming and scrolling.
Keyboard. A laptop's keyboard can
be quite different from that of a desktop
computer. The keys themselves might
be full-sized (generally only lightweight
models pare them down), but they might
not feel as solid. Some laptops have extra
B U Y I N G GUIDE 2 0 1 0
buttons to control DVD playback. You
can attach a USB keyboard, which you
might find easier to use.
Ports. At least two USB ports for easy
hookup of, say, ä printer, digital camera,
or scanner are standard. A wired net-
work (Rthernet) port is also standard. A
FireWire port for digital-video Iransfer is
common. An internal wireless-network
(Wi-Fi) adapter is standard. Another
option is an internal Bluetooth wireless
adapter to link to a Bluetooth-capable cell
phone, camera, or another laptop.
Card slots. Portable computers usually
include at least one PC-card or Uxpress-
Card slot for expansion. You might add a
cellular modem if it's not built in.
Docking station. Some notebooks of-
fer a connection for a docking station, a
$100 to $200 base that makes it easy to
connect an external monitor, keyboard,
mouse, printer, network, and power in
one step.
Log-on security. A small number of
notebooks include fingerprint scanners
as a convenient alternative to typing a
password when logging in. A few manu-
facturers have models with face-recogni-
tion software that u-ses a built-in webcam.
When you log in, it scans your face and
compare.s it to a previou.sly stored copy to
verify your identity.
SHOPPING TIPS
Ergonomics can make or break a lap-
top. You .should try it before you buy it, if
you can. Look for a keyboard with keys
that don't feel mushy. Touchpads should
be large enough so that your finger can
cover the span of tbe screen without
repeatedly lifting it, and loucKpad but-
ton.s should be easy to find and press. The
touchpad should also have a dedicated
scroll area.

Carry the laptop around for a few
minutes and make sure it's not too heavy
ur loo big. The laptop shouldn't get hot
during use (89 to 100 degrees 1- is a good
range), and il .should run quietly.
Consider tech support. Our user sur-
veys have found major differences in the
quality of tech support. Appie has been
besl lor laptop and desktop support. Dell
.md Lenovo were slightly better than others
lor Windows laptops.
Weigh reliability. Computers aren't
especially reliable. Roughlyone in five
has needed repairs witbin a few years'
lime. But don't run oui and buy an ex-
tended service plan. Our survey data sug-
gest that on average, computer repairs
cost about the same as a plan, which you
might never use.
Play down the processor speed and
focus on RAM. Current proces.sors
deliver all the speed most people need.
Instead, get at least 2tÍHof RAM.
Think green when ynu buy. A new,
voluntary Hnergy Star standard forcom-
juiters went into effect two years ago. It
shiiuld result in more ellicienl power u.se.
Recycle when you toss. Most manufac-
lurers have recycling programs that help
von to dispose of your old laptop.
Get your coupon». Check out coupon
.ind deal sites such as Ebates, FatWallet.
i.<pm, and Techbargains.com,
Don'l buy more than you need. If you
iii,st want a computer to travel with, you
can get away with a 10 inch netbook for
under $400. To play games or edit videos,
don'l gel a netbook and don't skimp on the .
i;raphics memory (go for at leasl 256MB)
IT tbe processor (most gaming systems
use an Intel quad-core processor).
Shop at the right time. January, (uiy,
,md October are good times to shop; new
models are expected in stores at those
GPS NAVIGATION 89
times, which means older inventory needs
lo be cleared out.
Related CR report: |une 2009
Ratings for laptops: page 199
Ratings for netbooks: page 203
GPS NAVIGATION
Whether you want help navigating
cross-country or across town at
rush hour, it's a great time to buy
a portable GPS device.
As new models are introduced to the
markei, buyers are able to get more fea-
tures at lower prices, and even frtíe real-
time traffic information. In our testing,
the highest-rated models make it e.spe-
cially easy to enter destinations, give the
mast helpful directions, and reroute faster
if you miss a turn. But inputting informa-
tion or surfing menu.s while driving can
be a dangerous distraction.
Buying a dedicated (¡PS nav^tor means
having to carry an additional device, but
avoids a monthly or daily fee for naviga-
tion that's charged by cellular carriers.
GETTING STARTED
Budget-priced units now include fea-
tures previously available only on more
expensive models, such as the ability to
speak street names, offer speed warn-
ings, lane guidance, or a "help me" fea-
ture. Higher-priced models can include
a wireless FM transmitter and Bluetoolh-
phone compatibility, which allows you
to access phone numbers from your cell
phone or call a number displayed on your
(¡PS unit. Bluetooth connectivity can be
bandy for hands-free phone operation, or
even making a reservation at a restaurant
90 C O N S U M E R R E P O R T S B U Y I N G G U I D E 2 0 1 0

while en route based on the GPS points- Basic. These are no-frills navigators,
of-interest information. ideal for those who don't need a lot of
Premium services, such as traffic and bells and whislles like Bluetooth connec-
weather reports, are becoming widely tivity for hands-free cell-phone use and
available, although tbey often require a MP3 players. The least-expensive models
subscription. in this category generally have 3.5-inch
Extra features aside, our testing has screens and are compact, appealing lo
shown that all GPS navigators will typi- frequent flyers. Prices start at about $100.
cally get you to your destination, but nol and even lower prices can be found with
always by the most efficient route. Some sales and incentives. Basic models with
of the latest devices have historical traffic 4.3-inch-wide .screens are generally more
data and tbe ability to modify maps. expensive. Price: $100 lo $300.
Traffic optional. These products are
TYPES ideal if you're not sure you need trafiic
Shoppers looking for navigational info now. but might want to add it later.
aid can choose from many types of "GPS Adding traffic later on means buying a
devices, including separate receiver, which can cost up to
portable or in-dash $200. Models in this price bracket often
Tech tip units, cell phones, also add a few key features, like spoken
A built-in battery and even laptop street names. Price: $130 to $500.
for your GPS computers. Traffic ready. A top-of the-Iine, premi-
gives you the j Today's portable um unil usually comes traffic-reporting
option of using ready wilh a buill-in or included external
the power port for r , ^-
another device "«'^' "^*^^ ' ^ f "^'^'^ receiver. These devices include the features
and eliminates " f carmaker built- we recommend, plus added extras like a
cord clutter. in systems. They music and video player, Bluetooth, _FM
can easily be moved transmitter, and wide screen. These are
from car to car, and their light weight ideal for travelers who want to carry fewer
and small size make them easy to pack in electronic devices. Price: $200 to $700.
luggage. Witb prices from about $100 to Map .software and GPS receivers for
$700, portable units now have features computers. You can turn your laptop
sucb as real-time traffic reporting and into a navigation device with an add-on
voice-command capability. GPS receiver and map program. These
Portables witb small screens may be are available from companies such as
hard to read at a quick glance. You also DeLorme, Garmin, and Micro.so(t. start-
have to securely mount the device to pre- ing at less than $100. While they provide
vent possible injury in an accident, make functions similar to a dedicated GPS
sure it's out of Ihe way of possible air-bag . device, a laptop can be impractical to use
deployment, and remember to hide or while driving. Also, laptop screens can be
take it with you wben you leave Ibe car. difficult to see inside a car due to glare.
(Tbeft of GPS units is growing.) Handheld GPS hiking devices. GPS
If tbe unit s battery loses its cbarge, you navigation has many nonautomotive ap-
will also have to deal with a cord running plications, including handheld units for
to a power outlet. outdoor enthusiasts. Hiking GPS devices

can include a map, compass, and some-
times an altimeter, while adding the abil-
ity to program routes, plot a trail, and
sbare information. Many biking units in-
clude what is called a bast* map, enabling
ibeni to show your location on a basic
roadway inap, But these devices don't show
Ibe level of detail common on a dedicated
portable car unit, and they typically don't
offer turn-by-turn navigational aid. What
I bey can do is inspire adventures, includ-
ing gfocacbing—GPS-based treasure
hunting. And they can provide an extra
safety margin when exploring off tbe
beaten path, witb tbe ability to fallow
your trail back to the car or sbare coordi-
nates in an emergency,
FEATURES
All GPS navigators on the market today
include preloaded maps and provide spo-
ken directions and automatic rerouting if
you miss a turn. Tbe following are addi-
tional features lo look for:
Screen size. We've tested portable sys-
teni.s with screens ranging from 2.5 to 5
inches measured diagonally. The smallest
can be hard to see, and their small touch-
.screen buttons can make it tedious lo
enter an address. On the other hand, the
largest units can be bulky to carry, and
when mounted to the windshield tend to
obstruct more of your view of the road. A
3.5-inch screen works well, but a pricier
4.3 inch wide .screen can be easier to use.
Spoken street names. Better systems tell
you to turn iHitoa street, highway, or route
number by its name rather than a generic
right turn ahead." This feature, called
lext-to speech, helps you keep your eyes
on the road and less on Ihe GPS unit.
Real-time traffic reports. Units with
traffic information can alert you to a
problem or slowdown ahead. Some will
GPS NAVIGATION 91
even ask if you want to find another route
and will detour you at the louch of a but-
ton. The real-time data are available lo
subscribers tbrough a cell-pbone net-
work, FM signal, or satellite radio st-rvicc.
But tbe service is currently available oniy
in some cities, and the quality of infor-
mation can vary or be less tban current.
Still, we have found that it can help.
Expect to pay a subscription fee. and some
devices require an additional receiver
costing up to $200. Higber-end GPS mod-
els include a built-in receiver. 'Ihc latest
trend is free traffic information. Some
Garniin models offer free, advertising-
supported traffic.
Another emerging
trend is that some Shop smart
new models factor Portable GPS
in historical traffic systems are now
data and can route available with
high-end features
around known con- once found only
gestion patterns such on built-in models.
as rusb-liour traffic.
Predictive data entry and dynamic
search. 'Iliesc GPS features make enter-
ing a city name or address faster. With
predictive data entry, as you type, the
screen's keyboard will highlight only let-
ters that help complete a known name. If
you type "Pitt," for example, tbe system
will then highlight "S" as the next letter
for Pittsburgh.
Dynamic search helps narrow things
down as you tap in an address. Witb dy-
namic search, if you type "San," the unit
might otler up a list of choices including
San Diego, San Francisco, Santa Barbara,
etc. You can then pick one from the list
or just keep typing.
Detour feature. If you see traffic build-
ing up abead. a manual -detour" button
will f^nd you an alternative route- Some
models allow tbe user to select a specific
92 C O N S U M E R R E P O R T S
distance to route around a problem. Traffic-
ca[.vable devices integrate their traffic infor-
mation with detouring functions, prompl-
ing a user to choose an alternative route
when traffic conditions are unfavorable.
That canbehelpfui in evaiuating options
before changing course.
Routing option. Some systems can alert
yuii to loii roads on your chosen route
and often aliow you to opt fora rouiethal
avoids them. Other routing options you
might wanl to look for inciude multiple
destinations routing, or routes for biking
or walking that avoid highways and let
walkers go against one-way traffic.
Mounts and mounting. Most por-
tabte systems mount to the windshield
using a targe suction cup. Manufactur-
ers have typically used either an angled
rigid arm or a flexible gooiieneck to
attach the unit to the suction cup. We
recommend the rigid arm mount, be-
cause goosenecks tend to vibrate when
the car is in motion.
Something else to look for is a unit
that is easy to install and remove from
the mount. Typically, a unit slides onto
a mount or snaps into it. The power cord
either plugs into the mount or directly
into the unit. Most convenient to use are
mountsthat allow you to snap the unit in
and release it with the push of a button.
If the power cord plu^s into ihe mount,
that makes it easier to quickly remove
and reinstall the unit.
Check local laws before buying. Some
states may prohibit drivers from mount-
ing devices to the windshield. Motorists
might choose a "bean bag" mount, which
simply sits on the dashboard. Those are a
cinch to use, but can slide and even fall
oif tbe dashboard during abrupt move-
ments. An alternative included with most
portable GPS devices is a self-adhesive
B U Y I N G G U I D E 2 0 1 0
plastic disk that adheres to the dash, giv-
ing you a place to attach the suction cup.
Ifyou don't want lo have anything hang-
ing from the windshield, make sure you
choose a device that includes a disk.
Power supply. All portable systems can
be powered through a car's 12-volt socket,
and most have an internal rechargeable
battery. An internal power suppiy heips
minimize a tangle of cords in the car. We
found thai those unils typically operate
for 2-4 hours on a charge, although test-
ing revealed significant variance among
models. Internal power also allows you
to practice using the system and program
driving destinations while you are away
from the car, or to use the device as a
handheld tool when traveling, walking,
or bicycling. An AC power adapter is
sometimes included with the systems,
allowing the device to be used and re-
charged indoors.
Bluetooth compatibility. This allows
you to make and receive telephone calls
using the unit's internal speaker, micro-
phone, and screen. It automatically quiets
directions while a call is being made, can
display the user's telephone book, and
shows caller ID onscreen. A nice tie-in,
this feature allows for dialing point-
of-interest locations found in the GPS
device. Requires a Bluetooth-compatible
telephone.
MP3 player. With a music player, the
device can store and play preloaded audio
fiies, either through its speaker or througli
the car stereo using an FM transmitter
or a cord from the GPS headphone jack
to the car's auxiÜary port. This GPS fea-
ture means the unit can also be used as a
portable music device away from the car.
File capacity varies by unit. Most naviga-
tion units have SD card expansion slots
for file storage.

Video player. SKows videos previously
downloaded to a unit's hard drive or
stored on an SD card. Using this GPS fea-
ture normally disables navigation while
the video is being shown. Tliis may be
appreciated by families on road trips and
frequent llyers.
Photo viewer. The viewer allows users
to display previously loaded photos or
photos stored on an SD card, as a single
image or as slideshows.
Foreign languages. Many units offer
spoken and displayed directions in Span-
ish, French, and other languages.
Voice command enables you to navi-
gate on the run, allowing you to enter an
dddre.ss or ask for a gas station or location
from tbe points-of-interest menu. It's
available on a few high-end units, with
more coming.
Maps. If you travel outside the U.S.,
look for a portable system that offers
maps for navigating in other countries.
SHOPPING TIPS
Betöre you buy a GPS navigator, think
about your typical driving conditions,
how often you're in unfamiliar areas, and
the features important to you.
Next, focus on how well the system
works for navigation. The highest-rated
models we've tested make it especially
easy to enter destinations and give the
most helpful directions. Look for a GPS
guide device that scored well for entering
a destination. Some interfaces are more
mtuitive than others, and low scoring
units can be awkward, slow, or both. Then
consider what features you want.
What type of driving do you do? If
most of your driving is spent commuting
along the same route or running local
errands on familiar roads, you might not
get much use from a GPS guide device.
GPS NAVIGATION 93
On the other hand, if you often encoun-
ter traffic congestion, a nav system can
help you get around it by showing nearby
roads and plotting an alternative route. It
also may be worth paying extra for real-
time traffic information, which can warn
you of traffic congestion, accidents, or wad
construction, and plot a route around it,
before you get to tbe trouble ar««, But
traffic reporting on GPS units is not per-
fect; like other sources of traffic informa-
tion, it can be inaccurate or outdated.
Where and how oñen will you use it?
If you're buying a
new car, check to
sec if a built-in sys- Shop smart
tem is available and Check with
how much it costs. the device
These are nicely manufacturer for
foreign language
integrated into the features that may
car. But they are be available by
more complicated download.
to use and typically
more expensive than portable systems,
initially and for subsequent map updates.
Still, if most of your driving is done in
one car, you'd prefer not to have a unit
mounted on the dash or windshield, and
you're not on a tight budget, you might
be happier with a built-in system. If you
often tly to new places and rent vehicles,
or if you own more than one car, a por-
table system might suit you.
If you only need directions occasion-
ally, a cell phone, smart phone, or PDA
with navigation capability might meet
your needs. With these, you don't have
to pay for an expensive in-dash system
or worry about carrying around a por-
table GPS unit. Typically the cost for
cell-phone navigation is $3 a day or $10 a
month. But you'll also need to purchase
a mount, car charger, and possibly a data
plan for your phone.
94 C O N S U M E R R E P O R T S
Size matters. A portable GPS unit's
size is important—especially if you fre-
quently pack it in a suitcase. Some models
are no bigger than a wallet and weigh less
than 5 ounces, while others are bulkier.
Also, look for a screen that's large enough
to read easily without blocking your view.
We've found a 3.5-inch diagonal screen
is adequate, bul 4.3-Ínch-wide screens
allow more information to be displayed
and make it easier to enter addresses into,
(.lue to larger touch-screen buttons.
Related CR report: September 2009
Ratings: page 238
MONITORS
Like TV screens, computer monitors
are continuing to get wider and big-
ger. The squarish 17-inch monitors
are now almost obsolete, replaced
by wide-screen models. Their larger
size allows for easier side-by-side
page viewing or more spreadsheet
columns with less scrolling.
Prices keep falling on LCDs, even for
bigger screens. You can now get a 17-inch
LCD for $130 and a 24-inch for $300. If
you're buying a monitor bundled wilh a
new computer, as many consumers do,
you can often upgrade from the stan-
dard display to a larger one for a modest
amount—$50 to $150 or so.
Before you start shopping, consider:
Do you need a new monitor? If you're
still using a CRT. it's probably time for an
upgrade. Low prices on tlal panels leave
tittle justification for sticking with that
space-hogging relic of the 20th century.
If you already own a flat panel, good rea-
sons to upgrade include switching to a
B U Y I N G G U I D E 2 0 1 0
bigger display for more screen real estate,
or to a wide screen if you want to watch
movies on your computer. Or you may
wanl a monitor with a built-in TV tuner,
speakers, or USB ports.
CRT or LCD? About the only reason left
for buying a CRT {if you can find one) is if
you're a graphic artist and need the myriad
colors it provides, as well as deep blacks
and virtually unlimited viewing angles.
Ihe reasons for choosing an LCD are many,
among them no image flicker, sharper im-
age, no glare, low electromagnetic emis-
sions, reduced energy consumption and.
the most obvious, space efficiency.
Standard or wide screen? Most LCDs
are wide-screen. Only a few squarer (4:3
aspect ratio) screens remain available,
mostly 17- and 19-inch models. Some of-
fer good value and you may even prefer
(hat shape.
Decide on a screen size. We recom-
mend buying the largest screen that fits
your space and budget. Expect to pay
$13(1 and up for a 17-inch LCD. $160 and
up for a 19- or 20-incli. $200 and up for a
22-inch, and $300 and up for a 24-inch.
TYPES
Smaller monitors suffice for office work
but if you consume a lot ol mtdia or play
games, you might prefer a larger screen.
17-inch. If you're really pressed for
space or can find a particularly good deal,
a 17-inch monitor could provide enough
screen real estate for you. But 19-inch
and even some 20-inch models don't cost
much more.
19- to 20-tnch. For spreadsheet work
or home photo editing, a 19- to 20-inch
monitor offers a good amount of screen
space for a reasonable price.
22-inch. This is the sweet spot for
gamers and media fans. You should be
 MONITORS 95

able to find a monitor with very good dis- can vary across the screen, the number isn'l
play quality for under $300. always a reliable measure. Monitors have
24-inch. Prices rise pretty quickly once brightness controls, so you can adjust to
you hit the 24-inch mark, but bard-core your liking.
gamers and multimedia mavens looking Brightness. A bright screen is impor-
lor a big screen to watch movies and TV tant if you're working in a brightly lit
shows will appreciate tbis size. room. Ibe spec is expressed as candelas
per square meter, or cd/m2. But all you
FEATURES need to know is the higher this number,
Display quality, Ihe most important the better.
monitor feature, isn't a major worry You can also control an LCD's bright-
ihanks to a generally bigh standard of ness with chassis-mounted knobs or
[lerformancu. But today's monitors have onscreen controls,
other features that you should consider. Most monitors also
Resolution. A monitor's resolution have controls for Shop smart
refers to ihe number of picture elements, color balance (usu- The vast majority
or pixels, that make up an image. More ally called color of monitors on
the market are
pixels mean finer detail. Most monitors temperature), ad- lightweight,
uiin display at several resolutions, gener- justing the screen flat-panel LCD
ally I rom 640x480 to 1920x 1200. depend- geometry, and sim- displays.
ing on Ihe monitor and the computer's ilar functions.
graphics card. An LCD usually displays Connectors. Virtually all new moni-
its sharpest image when set to its "native" lors have the DVI ports needed to take
resolution—typically 1024x768 pixels tor advantage of higher-end video cards for
a 15-inch screen; 1280x1024 (17 inches); a sharper image, but not all include the
1440x900 (19 inches); 1680x1050 (22 necessary cable (about $!()). And many
inches); or 1920x1200 (24 inches), lypi- include HDMI ports, also found on some
t al resolutions for wide-screen monitors newer computers and electronics equip-
.ire 1280x800 (15 Inches) and 1440x900 ment such as camcorders, Blu-ray play-
(17 inches). ers, and HDTVs. One of tbe advantages
Tlie higher the resolution, the smaller of the HDMI interface is it allows for
ihe text and images, so more content video and audio to be sent over the .same
can fit on Ihe screen. Higher resolution cable (useful only if the monitor has
IS preferred for working with photos built-in speakers), Ifyou choose a moni-
and graphics. tor without one, you can buy an adapter
Response time. A ilat-panel display's for $25 or less that turns a DV! port
response time indicates how fast the into an HDMI connector, bul you won't
pixt'i.s can turn on and off. get audio.
Contrast. Ibis isa measure of the dif- Other ports you may find useful are a
ference between the brightest white and USB port, and one for high-bandwidth
the deepest black found on the screen, digital content protection (HDCP). Ihis
and is expressed as a ratio. Higher contrast prevents the copying of video and audio
results in images that are more vivid and content, and without il you may not be
punchy. But because a monitor's contrast able to view copy-protected material.
96 C O N S U M E R R E P O R T S
Extras. Some monitors include a micro-
phone and integrated or separate speak-
ers. You may also see LCD displays witb
memory-card readers, so you can display
photos onscreen, and iPod docks for
viewing images or playing music through
the monitor.
Plug-and-play capability makes it sim-
ple to add a new monitor to an existing
computer. A built-in TV tuner is another
feature to look for if you want your moni-
tor to double as a TV.
SHOPPING TIPS
Most monitors we've tested have decent
or better display quality. But don't expect
TV images to look as good as they do on
your flat-pajiel TV. Even the best moni-
tors fell short of most LCD TVs, witb
blacks that weren't as deep, slight hazi-
ness, and some light leakage around the
edges of the screens.
Check the viewing angle. Few moni-
tors measure up to the best LCD TVs
for viewing from a wide angle. That
won't matter for typical computer use.
But if you often share your screen with
a crowd, say for slidesbows or games,
you may want to pick a model that ex-
periences less image degradation when
viewed at an angle. Wben comparing
specs, the bigger the number the better.
Consider easy adjustments. Virtually
all new displays tilt up or down, tor a
quick adjustment. For extra flexibility,
look for monitors tbat allow you to adjust
tbeir height. Such models may also be able
to rotate 90 degrees, from a landscape to
portrait mode, which is especially useful
for viewing a larger portion of Web pages
or text documents. Also look for conve-
niently placed controls. We prefer a ded-
icated front-positioned contrast/bright-
ness control.
B U Y I N G G U I D E 2 0 1 0
Check for ample connections. Many
new monitors feature at least one USB
port, a DVI port, and an HDMl port. {See
page 95 for details.) Make sure you bave
tbe right connections for your gear.
Take a shine, or not. Like laptop dis-
plays, LCD monitors are showing up with
glossy instead of matte-finish screens.
The glossy screen can make dark areas of
the image appear deeper and less washed
out in bright, ambient light. But they can
also retlect objects.
Some ant i reflective surfaces help mini-
mize this problem- View the screen in
bright light before buying, if possible.
Look for a long warranty. Many mon-
itors come with a three-year warranty
on parts and labor, but others have only
one-year coverage. Look for longer cover-
age, especially if you're purcbasing a more
expensive model. Another consideration
is the manufacturer's defective-pixel
policy. Some consider a certain number
of Stuck, dead, or hot pixels acceptable,
while others will replace a monitor dur-
ing the warranty period if it has even a
single faulty pixel.
Related CR report: May 2009
Ratings: page 247
PRINTERS
InkJet printers have become the
standard for ho me-computer cre-
ation of color photo prints, and many
inkjets produce excellent black-and-
white text.
Witb some very good models selling
for less than $200, it's no surprise that
inkjets account for the vast majority of
printers sold for home use.
 PRINTERS 97

Laser printers still have their place in graphics. In our tests, most didn't provide
homeolfices. ifyou print reams of biack- the photo quality ofthe best plain inkjets,
and-white text documents, you probably and at $100 to $200, they cost about the
need the quality, speed, and low per-copy same as a full-sized printer.
cost of a laser printer.
Text only. If you'll print onty text, a TYPES
laser printer is better for fast, low-cost, Here's how to find the type of printer
top-quality black-and-white text. The thai best suits your needs.
besl inkjet can match lasers' excellent InkJet printers. Inkjets use droplets of
text quality, but not their speed or cost. ink to form letters, graphics, and photos.
Color photos, graphics, and text. Some have one cartridge that holds the
Inkjets offer excellent print quality tor cyan (greenish-blue), magenta, and yellow
color photos, graphics, and text, and accept inks, plus a second one for black. Others
a variety of paper types and sizes. have a separate cartridge for each color,
While tops for text, lasers aren't well- For photos, some inkjets have additional
suiled for printing photos. Even models cartridges that contain light cyan and
that can print in color aren't intended for magenta inks, or gray ink, which can give
use with glossy photo stock or other spe- a smoother look in light areas of a photo.
cialty papers, and photo quality is not as Most inkjet printers output black-and-
good as from an inkjet. white text at 3 to 12 pages per minute
InkJet and laser printers are available (ppm) but are much slower for color
either as plain printers or as all-in-one photos. Various models we tested took
(multifunction) models. Besides printing, from 2 to 10 minutes or more to print
ail in-ones copy, scan, and sometimes a single high quality 8x10.
fax. A space-saving all in-one can be less Printing a 4x6 snapshot can take as
expensive than buying several separate de- little as one minute, and cost as little as
vices. They may have fewer features than 25 cents. The cost of printing a color 8x10
stand-alone devices, though. photo can range from $1 to $4, includ-
The downside of any multifunction ing ink and paper. The cost of printing a
device, whether inkjet or laser, is that if black-text page with an inkje) varies con-
one function breaks, you have to repair siderably from model to model, typically
or replace the whole unit. between 2 and 10 cents. Printer prices
Printing photos only. Snapshot print- range from $30 to $400.
ers are convenient, small, and fast, with Laser printers. These work much like
speeds as quick as a minute per 4x6 photo. plain-paper copiers,, forming images by
Some have handles and run on batter- transferring toner (powdered ink) lo paper
ies, handy for use on the road. All can passing over an eleciricaily charged drum.
print photos from a digital camera with- The process yields sharp black-and-white
out requiring a computer. Many models text. Laser printers usually outrun ink-
use dye-sublimation technology to make jets. cranking out black-and white text at
prints that are more water-resistant than a rate of 12 to 20 ppm. Black-and-white
those from inkjets. The drawback is that lasers generally cost about as much as
snapshot printers can print only small midpriced inkjets, but they're less expen-
photos; they're not intended for text or sive to operate. Laser cartridges, about
 CONSUMER REPORTS
S50 to $100, can print thousands of black-
and-white pages for a cost of 2 to 3 cents
per page.
Lasers that can be networked—shared
by all the computers on a home network-
start at $130.
Color lasers are slower than black-and-
white models. They cost as much to use
as the better inkjet models, and they're
not a good choice for printing photos.
They're also very bulky. They cost $250
and up.
All-in-one printers. You can also get
printers witb scanning, copying, and
sometimes fax capability. Many all in-
ones cost no more and take up little more
space than a plain printer. What's more,
all-in-ones are actually getting less expen-
sive and more versatile. All-in one inkjets
cost $60 and up, lasers, $200 and up.
In our tests, inkjet all in ones and plain
inkjets performed similarly, cost about
the same to use, and printed at similar
speeds. A few inkjet all in-ones and plain
inkjets printed a color 4x6 in less iban 2
minutes, and a few relatively frugal ones
as little as 25 cents.
Specialty snapshot printers. For
printing photos at home, a speedy snap-
shot printer can be more convenient
than a full sized model. Most are limit-
ed to 4x6-inch snapshots, but a few
models can also print on 3x7 paper. Snap-
shot printers use either inkjet or dye-
sublimation technology, in which a waxy
ink is fused to paper from a roll of plas-
ticfilm.•
Like most full-sized inkjet printers,
these models typically hook up directly
via cable to a digital camera through a
PictBridge connection, or print directly
from your camera's memory card so you
can print without using a computer. They
cost $100 to $200.
BUYING GUIDE 2010
FEATURES
To determine which printer features
you'll need, consider how you'll be using
your printer and what you need to print.
If you're printing photos, you'll need a
memory-card reader, PictBridge compat*
ibility, or otber form of connectivity.
USB port. The way a printer connects
to a computer depends on what kind
of connectivity it has. All printers have
a USB port that lets them connect to
Windows or Mac computers.
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or inñ-ared wireless.
Many printers haVe optional Bluetooth,
Wi-Fi, or infrared wireless connectivity.
A printer with PictBridge can connect
directly to a camera, and some models can
print and download photos right from
your camera's memory card.
Memory-card reader. This feature
lets you print image files from a digital
camera's memory card without using a
computer. You can also transfer the files
to a computer.
LCD viewer. Many printers incorpo-
rate a built-in LCD screen for viewing
and editing images from a memory card.
The screen is small, usually only 1 to 3.5
inches, and editing capability is limited.
Resolution. Printers differ in the detail
they can produce. Re.solution, expressed
in dots per inch (dpi), is often touted as
the main measure of print quality. But
other factors, such as ihe number oi inks
and the way dot patterns are formed on
the paper, are also important.
At their default settings—where they
are usually expected to run—inkjets cur-
rently on the market typically have a
resolution of 600x600 dpi. You can
increase the dpi for color photos. Some
printers go up to 5760x1440 dpi. Laser
printers for home use typically otFer 600
or 1200 dpi.

Printing color inkjet photos on photo
paper at a higher dpi setting can produce
smoother shading of colors but can take
more time.
Ink monitor. Most inkjet printers have
an ink monitor to warn when you're run-
ning low, but accuracy varies.
Networking. Networking lets you print
from any computer in either a wired or
wireless home network.
Double-sided printing. For double-
sided printing, you can prinl the odd-
numbered pages of a document first, and
then ttip Ihe pages over to print the even-
numbered pages on a second pass. Some
printers make this process easier by in-
corporating duplexers for automatically
printing on both sides.
SHOPPING TIPS
Consider supply costs as well as price.
High ink or loner-cartridge-costs can
make a bargain priced printers bad deal
in the long run. Shop around for the
best cartridge prices, but be wary of olî-
brands. We have found ihal brand-name
ink cartridges have better print quality
and lade resi.stance, and per-page costs
are often comparable.
Also consider whether an inkjet has a
single or separate color cartridges. Those
with a single color cartridge usually have
a sepárale black cartridge for lexl. Bui
some have individual color cartridges.
Depending on your photos, separate color
cartridges may be more economical.
Another way to save money is by using
plain paper tor works in progre.ss and
saving the good stuff for the final results.
We got ihe best results using the recom-
mended brand of paper.
Do you want to print photos without
a computer? features such as a memory-
card reader, PictBridge support (a standard
PRINTERS 99
that allows a compatible camera to be
connected directly to the printer), or a
wireless interface are convenient. With-
out the computer, though, you lose the
ability to tweak image characteristics
such as size, color, and brightness. You
can do limited editing on a printer that
has an LCD screen.
Weigh convenience features. Inkjets
can make borderless prints like those
from a photo fin-
isher. Ihat matters
most if you're print-
Shop smart
ing to the full size For printing
of the paper, as you graphics or text in
black and color, go
might with 4x6- with an inkjet.
inch sheets. If you
plan to use 4x6-inch paper regularly, look
for a printer wilh a 4x6-^inch tray or a
second paper tray, which makes it easier
to feed paper this size. With those small
sheets, though, the cost per photo might
be higher than combining a few images
on 8Vjxl 1-inch paper. With some models,
to u.se Ihe photo inks to get the best pic-
ture quality, you must remove the black-
ink cartridge and replace il with a photo-
ink cartridge. Then, to print text or
graphics, you must reinsert the black car-
tridge. Models that hold all the ink tanks
simultaneously eliminate that hassle.
Consider connections. All printers
have a USB port for connecting to a com-
puter. Many also offer wired or wireless
networking, which lets you print from
any computer on your network. You can
share a primer thai lacks this feature, but
the computer it's connected to must be
turned on in order to print from a differ-
ent computer.
Memory requirements. While inkjet
printers use a computer's memory to
process the print job, laser printers have
their own onboard memory, which must
100 C O N S U M E R R E P O R T S
be large enough to bold full pages of the
must complex graphics you need to print.
Ifyou print largefileswith a lot of graphics
or have multiple users on your network,
look for a laser with al least hundreds of
megabytes of onboard memory, or the
ability to add more.
Be skeptical of vendor specs. Specs for
print speed and resolution are not all ihat
useful, even for comparison purposes,
because each company performs its tests
in a different manner. Print speed varies
depending on what you're printing and
at what quality, but the speeds you see in
B U Y I N G G U I D E 2 0 1 0
ads are generally higher than you're likely
to get in normal use. '^fhe print times in
our Ratings are realistic and can be com-
pared across brands.
Don't get hung up on resolution. A
printer's resolution, expressed in dots per
inch, is another potential source of con-
fusion. All things being equal, the more
dots a printer puts on the paper, tbe more
detailed tbe image. Bui dot size, shape,
and placement also affect quality, so don't
base your choice solely on resolution.
Related CR report: December 2008
Ratings: page 253
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