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Lung Cancer

Description
Lung cancer is a disease of
uncontrolled cell growth in
the tissues of the lung.
There are two main types of
lung cancer. They are small
cell lung carcinoma and nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.
Non-small cell lung
carcinoma
Non-small cell lung
carcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer that humans
can get (80.4%). It has three main sub-types: squamous cell lung
carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell lung carcinoma. In
people who have never smoked before, the frequency of
squamous cell lung carcinoma in non-small cell lung cancer is less
than the frequency of adenocarcinoma but the people who
smoked get squamous cell lung carcinoma more than
adenocarcinoma.
Small cell lung carcinoma
Small cell lung carcinoma is less common than non-small cell lung
carcinoma (16.8%). Its cause is to arise in the bronchi and grows
quickly to become quite large. It is divided into two stages:
limited stage and extensive stage. This type of lung cancer is
strongly affected with smoking.
Cause of disease
Smoking is the main reason leads to lung cancer. Almost 90% of
human deaths are caused by smoking. In male smokers, the risk
of developing lung cancer is 17.2% and 11.6% in female smokers.

This risk is surprisingly low in non-smokers(1.3% in men and 1.4%


in women). The second reason which leads to lung cancer is
viruses. Some viruses are known to cause lung cancer such as JC
virus, simian virus 40 (SV40), BK virus and cytomegalovirus. They
affect the cell cycle and inhibit apoptosis, causing uncontrolled
cell division to occur.
Symptoms and their effect on the body
The symptoms of lung cancer include:
1) Shortness of breath
2) Coughing up blood
3) Wheezing
4) Pain in the chest
5) Loss of weight
6) Hoarse voice
7) Difficulty swallowing
8) Clubbing fingernails
The effects on the body are:
1) It will spread to the liver, adrenal glands, bones and brain.
2) Lung cancer in the liver does not cause any symptoms.
3) Lung cancer in the adrenal glands also does not cause any
symptoms.
4) Lung cancer in the bones will cause bone pain, usually in the
backbone, the thighbones and the rids
5) Lung cancer that spreads to the brain can cause difficulties
with vision, weakness on one side of the body and/or
seizures.
Prevention
The best way of preventing this disease is people have to stop
smoking (especially young people). There are many ads that
show smoking is not good and can cause lung cancer.
Destroying tobacco smoking is a primary goal in the prevention
of lung cancer and smoking cessation is an important

preventive tool on this process. The good news is that there are
more ex-smokers than smokers.
Treatment
There are two main treatments.
The first one is surgery. This
type of treatment is used for
non-small cell carcinoma in
order to take off the squamous
cell carcinoma. Another type of
treatment is chemotherapy. This
type of treatment is mainly used
A woman being treated
with chemotherapy
for small cell lung carcinoma.
This treatment works by using
strong drugs to kill lung cancer cells.
Research into the disease
There have been many researches into Lung Cancer. Studies
are being conducted that use new methods to see accurately if,
and how far, a lung cancer has spread. For example, by using a
combination of CT and PET scanning, you can see the biological
signs of a tumor in the body and abnormalities in the lungs.
References
1."Lung Cancer, Wikipedia 2010, viewed March 10th 2010,
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer>
2.Chemotherapy, Lung Cancer, viewed March 10th 2010,
<http://www.lungcancer.org/reading/treatment/types.php#che
mo>

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