Immunology model questions for B.

Tech Biotechnology
Unit I: Innate Immunity
1. What is immunity? Write briefly about different types of Immune systems and their
significance.
2. What are characteristic features of innate immunity and how it is different from adaptive
immunity in their action?
3. Write about different similarities and difference between innate and adaptive immunity.
4. What are the different components of innate immunity? Write briefly about them.
5. What is CMI? Write briefly about the characteristic features of adaptive immune response.
6. Write about different cardinal properties of adaptive immunity and their significance.
7. Narrate the historical developments of immunology and different landmarks, which supports
the development of immunology.
8. What are immunological barriers? Write a note on different barriers of innate immune
system.
9. What are TLRs? Enumerate the functional properties and biological significance of Toll Like
Receptors.
10. What are antigens and how they are differ from immunogen. Write the characteristic features
of antigen to become real immunogen.
11. What are super antigens and how they active the T cells and its mechanism.
12. What are surface antigens and write briefly about its biological role.
13. What are adjuvants? Write about different properties of adjuvants and their significant role in
vaccination technology.
14. What is inflammation? Write about different components of inflammation process.
15. How adaptive immune response is developing? Write about different components of adaptive
immune response.

Unit-II: Organs and Cells of Immune system

16. What are primary lymphoid organs? Write about their significant role in the defense
mechanism.
17. What are the different compartments of thymus and the mechanism of T cell education during
the development of T cells.
18. What are secondary lymphoid organs? Write about roles and involvement of different
secondary lymphoid organs.
19. What are the different lymphoid organs which provide the interaction between antigen and
antibody. Describe briefly about one of beggest secondary lymphoid organ and its role.
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20. What are different lymphoid tissues, which plays an important role in the protection of body
from microbial invasion.
21. Write about the structure and functions of the following:
a) Thymus
b) Spleen
c) Lymph node
d) CALT and MALT
22. What are immunocompetent cells? Write about different cells present in the blood provide
protection from microbial infections.
23. What are Antigen Presenting cells? Write about different innate immune cells and their
significance in immunity.
24. What are the different characteristic functions of Natural Killer Cells and their significant
role in the Cell Cytotoxicity.
25. Write briefly about the structure and functions of M cell in the innate immunity and its
support to the adaptive immunity.

Unit-III: B & T cell Ontogeny

26. Enumerate different cells involved in the adaptive immune response and their functions.
27. Draw the neat sketch and its biological significance of B cell Receptor (BCR).
28. What is humoral immune response? How does it work for elimination of pathogen from the
body?
29. What are the different components of humoral immune response and write about different
levels of humoral immune response against the antigen.
30. What are immunological theories? How does these theories explain the production of vast
number of antibodies with great memory.
31. What are selective and instructive immunological theories? How can you prove Clonal
selection theory is superior to other proposed immunological theories.
32. What are immunoglobulins? Write about different classes and their functions of antibodies.
33. What is mucosal immunity? How does mucosal immunity protect the entire mucosal surface
area of the body and its mechanism?
34. What are effector mechanism and write about the effectors mechanism of humoral immunity
and Cell medicated immunity.
35. What is complement system? Writ about different types of complement systems and their
significant roles against pathogens.
36. What is cell-mediated immunity? Write about different cells involved in the development of
CMI and their roles.
37. Compare and contrast the structure and functions of BCR and TCR.

38. What are cell surface antigens and write about the structure and funtions of MHC-I and
MHC-II.
39. Compare and Contrast the structural features and functions of MHC-I and MHC-II.
40. Compare and Contrast the similarities and dissimilarities of Cytotoxic activities of Tcytotoxic
cells and NK cells.
41. What are Antigen Presenting Cells? Write about the mechanism of exogenic antigens
presentation by APC to T cells.
42. Write about the structural features, functional properties and their significance of TH, TC
Cells.
43. How does CMI activates and write about the Exogenic and Endogenic Antigen presentation
by APCs to T cells.
44. What are cytokines and write about different functions of cytokines.
45. What are Interleukins and Role & Importance of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-12.
46. How does ADCC play an important role in the immune response in the body? Write about
different mechanisms comes under ADCC.
47. What are the different professional antigen presenting cells present in the body and write
about its significant role in the antigen presentation.

Unit-IV: Clinical Immunology

48. What is allergy? Write about different types of allergies.
49. What is allergen and how it is different from antigen? Describe the mechanism of Type I
hypersensitivity.
50. Narrated different mediators of allergic response and their mechanism of release.
51. What is autoimmunity? Write about different mechanisms of induction of autoimmune
response.
52. What is transplantation? Writ about different types of grafting processes.
53. Write about different mechanisms involved in the allograft rejection.
54. What is HLA typing? Writ about different tests useful for identification of tissue matching.
55. What is tolerance? Write about different types of natural and artificial tolerances.
56. What is oncology? Write about different types of tumor antigens.
57. What is tumor immunology and its role in the protection of body from tumors? Write about
different types of tumors
58. What are oncogens and give some examples of oncogens, which are more prevalent in the
human. Briefly explain the role of tumor suppressor gens.
59. Write about the basic principle of vaccination? Narrate different types of vaccines.
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60. What are vaccines and write about different characteristic features of candidate vaccines.

Unit-V: Immunological reactions

61. What are primary and secondary immunological reactions? Write about different types of
immunological reactions based on the nature of the antigen/antibody.
62. Write about different factors affecting the rate of immunological reactions.
63. What are the different types of double immuno diffusion reactions and their applications?
64. What is immunoelectrophoresis? Write about different IE techniques useful for qualitative
and quantitative assessment of antigen/antibody.
65. What is basic principle of ELISA? Write about different types of EIA techniques and their
applications.
66. What is complement fixation test? How does it useful for quantification of antigen or
antibody?
67. What is basic principle of flocculation reactions and write about mechanism and siginificance
of WIDAL and VDRL Tests.
68. What is Immunoblotting? Write about the instrumentation and process of western blotting
techniques and how can you say this technique as gold standard for AIDS conformation.
69. What is flow cytometry? Write about the design and mechanism of cells sorting by FACS
with neat sketch.
70. What is the basic principle of RIA? Write about the process and troubles of Radio
immunoassy for antigen/ antibody detection.