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April20,53362:29pm

Biodiversityinindia

PostedbypainkilleronApril19,2015

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PrelimsMuftbooksChallenge
It'samonthlongMCQschallengetotestyour
preparationlevelandcompareyourselfamong
Abiodiversityhotspotisabiogeographicregionwithasignificantreservoirofbiodiversity
(Biodiversityisthevarietyofdifferenttypesoflifefound
onearth.Itisameasureofthevarietyoforganisms
presentindifferentecosystem).
thatisunderthreatfromhumans.InIndiaWesternghats
areindangerandasconsideredastheHotspot.
ToqualifyasabiodiversityhotspotonMyers2000
editionofthehotspotmap,aregionmustsatisfytwostrict
conditions:itmustcontainatleast0.5%or1,500species
ofvascularplantsasendemics,andithastohavelostat
least70%ofitsprimaryvegetation.Aroundtheglobe34

otheraspirants.
Checkoutprogramdetails:ClickMe
LeaderboardforPrelimsMuftbooks
Challenge(Polity)5thApril
Rank

Name

Score

Bibek

20Points

RAKESH

20Points

shivanichoudhary

20Points

Nayan

20Points

RAKESH

17Points

areasqualifyunderthisdefinitionofhotspots.Thesesites
arehometonearly60%oftheworldsplant,bird,
mammal,reptile,andamphibianspecies,withaveryhigh
shareofendemicspecies.
Hotspotconservationorganizations
Severalinternationalorganizationsareworkinginmanywaystoconservebiodiversityhotspots.
CriticalEcosystemPartnershipFund(CEPF)headquartersnearwashingtonD.Cisaprogramaroundtheglobe
thatprovidesfundingandtechnicalassistancetonongovernmentalorganizationsandparticipationtoprotectthe
Earthsrichestregionsofplantandanimaldiversityincluding:biodiversityhotspots,highbiodiversitywilderness
areasandimportantmarineregions.CIworksinfourcontinents,
TheWorldWildlifeFundhasderivedasystemcalledtheGlobal200Ecoregions,theaimofwhichistoselect
priorityEcoregionsforconservationwithineachof14terrestrial,3freshwater,and4marinehabitattypes.They
arechosenfortheirspeciesrichness,endemism,taxonomicuniqueness,unusualecologicalorevolutionary
phenomena,andglobalrarity.AllbiodiversityhotspotscontainatleastoneGlobal200Ecoregion.
BirdlifeInternationalhasidentified218EndemicBirdAreas(EBAs)eachofwhichholdtwoormorebirdspecies
foundnowhereelse.BirdlifeInternationalhasidentifiedmorethan11,000ImportantBirdAreasalloverthe

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world.
TheNationalGeographicSocietyhaspreparedaworldmapofthehotspotsandArcViewshapefileandmetadata

PrelimsMuftbooksChallenge9thMarch,

fortheBiodiversityHotspotsincludingdetailsoftheindividualendangeredfaunaineachhotspot,whichis

2015

availablefromConservationInternational.

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Someimportantbiodiversityterminologies:

PrelimsMuftbooksChallenge2015
11COMMENTS

AlienspeciesAspeciesoccurringinanareaoutsideofitshistoricallyknownnaturalrangeasaresultof

ObjectiveMCQsChallengefromLaxmikant

intentionaloraccidentaldispersalbyhumanactivities(alsoknownasanexoticorintroducedspecies).

PolitysBook

Biodiversityshortforbiologicaldiversitymeansthediversityoflifeinallitsformsthediversityofspecies,of

8COMMENTS

geneticvariationswithinonespecies,andofecosystems.Theimportanceofbiologicaldiversitytohumansociety

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ishardtooverstate.Anestimated40percentoftheglobaleconomyisbasedonbiologi
calproductsand

Differencebetweenloksabhaandrajyasabha

processes.Poorpeople,especiallythoselivinginareasoflowagriculturalproductivity,dependespecially

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heavilyonthegeneticdiversityoftheenvironment.
BiomeAmajorportionofthelivingenvironmentofaparticularregion(suchasafirforestorgrassland),charac

terisedbyitsdistinctivevegetationandmaintainedlargelybylocalclimaticconditions.
BiotechnologyAnytechnologythatisappliedtolivingorganismstomakethemmorevaluabletopeople.

HighlightsoftheEconomicSurvey201415by
UrmimalaBharali
4COMMENTS

BufferzoneTheregionadjacenttotheborderofaprotectedareaatransitionzonebetweenareasmanagedfor
differentobjectives.
InstrumentstoprotectbiodiversityTheConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD)istheprincipalinternational
instrumentindevelopingsustainable.TheConferenceoftheParties(COP)totheCBDhaslaunched
comprehensiveprogrammesofworkaddress
ing5criticalecosystembasedthematicareasand13crosscutting
issues.TheadoptionoftheEcosystemApproachandthedecisiontodevelopaStrategicPlanforthe
Convention,willgreatlycontributetotheestablishmentofafirmpolicyfoundation.Otherbiodiversityrelated
conventionsandprocessesincluding:theConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesofWild
FaunaandFlora(CITES)theConventionontheConservationofMigratorySpeciesofWildAnimals(CMS)the
ConventiononWetlandsofInternationalImportance,EspeciallyasWaterfowlHabitats(RAMSAR)theWorld
HeritageConvention(WHC)theMeetingsofRegionalSeasConventionsandtheGlobalDiversityForumhave
allmadesignificantcontributionstothesustainablemanagementanduseoftheworldsbiodiversity.
InsituconservationAconservationmethodthatattemptstopreservethegeneticintegrityofgeneresourcesby
conservingthemwithintheevolutionarydynamicecosystemsoftheoriginalhabitatornaturalenvironment
InvasivespeciesInvasivespeciesarethosethatareintroducedintentionallyorunintentionallytoan
ecosysteminwhichtheydonotnaturallyappearandwhichthreatenhabitats,ecosystems,ornativespecies.
Thesespeciesbecomeinvasiveduetotheirhighreproductionratesandbycompetingwithanddisplacing
nativespe
cies,thatnaturallyappearinthatecosystem.Unintentionalintroductioncanbetheresultofaccidents
(e.g.whenspeciesescapefromazoo),transport(e.g.intheballastwaterofaship)intentionalintroductioncan
betheresultofe.g.importinganimalsorplantsorthegeneticmodificationoforganisms.
SustainabledevelopmentDevelopmentthatmeetstheneedsandaspirationsofthecurrentgenerationwithout
compromisingtheabilitytomeetthoseoffuturegenerations.
TaxonomyTheclassificationofanimalsandplantsbaseduponnaturalrelationships.
SustainableuseTheuseofcomponentsofbiologicaldiversityinawayandataratethatdoesnotleadtothe
longtermdeclineofbiologicaldiversity,therebymaintainingitspotentialtomeettheneedsandaspirationsof
presentandfuturegenerations.
HabitatAplaceortypeofsitewhereanorganismorpopulationnaturallyoccurs.
Endangeredspeciestechnicaldefinitionusedforclassificationreferringtoaspeciesthatisindangerof
extinctionthrough
outallorasignificantportionofitsrange.IUCNTheWorldConservationUniondefines
speciesasendan
geredifthefactorscausingtheirvulnerabilityordeclinecontinuetooperate.
EcoTourismTravelundertakentowitnesssitesorregionsofuniquenaturalorecologicquality,ortheprovision
ofserv
icestofacilitatesuchtravelthathavetheleastimpactonbiologicaldiversityandthenaturalenvironment.
EcosystemEcosystemsareselfregulatingcommunitiesofplantsandanimalsinteractingwitheachotherand
withtheirnonlivingenvironmentforests,wetlands,mountains,lakes,rivers,desertsandagriculturalland

scapes.Ecosystemsarevulnerabletointerferenceaspressureononecomponentcanupsetthewholebal
ance.
Theyarealsoveryvulnerabletopollution.Manyecosystemshavealreadybeenlost,andmanyothersareatrisk.
Theworldsforestshouseabouthalfofglobalbiodiversity.Buttheyaredisappearingatarateof0.8%peryear.
Tropicalforestsarevanishingatanannualrateof4%.
EcologyAbranchofscienceconcernedwiththeinterrelationshipoforganismsandtheirenvironmentthestudy
ofecosystems.
IntellectualpropertyrightsRightsenablinganinventortoexcludeimitatorsfromthemarketforacertainperiod
oftime.
ExsituconservationAconservationmethodthatentailstheremovalofgermplasmresources(seed,pollen,
sperm,individualorganisms,fromtheiroriginalhabitatornaturalenvironment.Keepingcomponentsof
biodiversityaliveoutsideoftheiroriginalhabitatornaturalenvironment.
ExtinctionTheevolutionaryterminationofaspeciescausedbythefailuretoreproduceandthedeathofall
remainingmembersofthespeciesthenaturalfailuretoadapttoenvironmentalchange.
FaunaAlloftheanimalsfoundinagivenarea.
FloraAlloftheplantsfoundinagivenarea.
GeneThefunctionalunitofhereditythepartoftheDNAmoleculethatencodesasingleenzymeorstructural
proteinunit.
GenebankAfacilityestablishedfortheexsituconservationofindividuals(seeds),tissueorreproductivecellsof
plantsoranimals.

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andtoreadmoreaboutwesternghats(clickme)

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MoreStudyMaterial
WetlandsandtheirroleinecologicalconservationinIndia
NotesonIntegrateddevelopmentofWildlifeHabitats(IDWH)scheme
Westernghatsaneasyapproach
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